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Seeking Solace from a Distance, Jettisoning National Courts: Reliance on Supra National Judicial Bodies to Realize Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ESCR) in Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Abstract

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Type
Regional and Sub-Regional Human Rights Tribunals: The African Response
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2016

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Footnotes

*

He holds an LLM from the University of Pretoria South Africa. Professor Azubike is currently an LLD candidate at the Centre for Human Rights at the University of Pretoria South Africa and lectures at the faculty of law, University of Ilorin. [email protected].

References

2 Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, G.A. Res. 63/117, U.N. Doc. A/RES/63/117 (Mar. 5, 2009).

3 For an in-depth discussion on the four generations of rights, see, e.g., Adrian Vasile Cornescu, The Generations of Human’s Rights (2009), available at http://www.law.muni.cz/sborniky/dny_prava_2009/files/prispevky/tvorba_prava/Cornescu_Adrian_Vasile.pdf; Stanford Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law Event Series, Second and Third Generation Rights in Africa (2010-2011), at http://cddrl.fsi.stanford.edu/research/second_and_third_generation_rights_in_africa.

4 See Cornescu, supra note 3.

5 Saiz, Ignacio, Rights in Recession? Challenges for Economic and Social Rights Enforcement in Times of Crisis, J. Hum. Rts. Prac. 277 (June 2009)Google Scholar.

6 Ebobrah, Solomon T., Litigating Human Rights Before Sub-Regional Courts in Africa: Prospects and Challenges, 17 AFR. J. Int’L & Comp. L. 79 (2009)Google Scholar; Solomon T. Ebobrah, A Critical Analysis of the Human Rights Mandate of the ECOWAS Community Court of Justice, Research partnership Programme, Danish Institute of Human Rights (2008), available at https://docs.escr-net.org/usr_doc/S_Ebobrah.pdf; Nwauche, Enyinna S., The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice and the Horizontal Application of Human Rights, 13 Afr. Hum. Rts. L.J. 30 (2013)Google Scholar.

7 Sachs, Albie, Enforcement of Social and Economic Rights, 22 Am. U. Int’L L. Rev. 673 (2007)Google Scholar.

8 Tsitsi Mukamba, Challenges to the Enforcement of Second Generation Rights, Open Society of Initiative for Southern Africa (Apr. 8, 2013), at http://www.osisa.org/economic-justice/regional/Events/challenges-enforcement-second-generation-rights.

9 Ebobrah, Litigating Human Rights, supra note 6.

10 SERAP v. Federal Republic of Nigeria and Universal Basic Education Commission, ECW/CCJ/APP/08/08 (ECOWAS Court of Justice, Oct. 27, 2009).

11 SERAP v. Federal Republic of Nigeria, ECW/CCJ/JUD/18/12, Judgment (ECOWAS Court of Justice, Dec. 14, 2012).

12 Nwauche, supra note 6.