Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T00:36:16.481Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Clicks in Zero-Crossing-Detecting FM Receivers: Theory and Experiments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2009

Georg Lindgren  and
Weine Eriksson
Georg Lindgren
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematical Statistics, Lund University, Box 118 S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
Weine Eriksson
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematical Statistics, Lund University, Box 118 S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Frequency measurements by means of zero-crossing-counting device can be disturbed by noise in many different ways, such as fluctuating zero level or extra zero crossings. This paper presents a mathematical theory for analysis of the effect of noise on a zero-crossing counter. Comparisons are made with experiments made on the production of clicks in a zero-crossing-detecting FM receiver.

Type
Research Article
Information
Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , April 1994 , pp. 265 - 285
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Bar-David, I. & Shamai, S. (Shitz). (1988). On the Rice model of noise in FM receivers. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IT-34: 1406–1419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Cramér, H. & Leadbetter, M.R. (1967). Stationary and related stochastic processes. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
3.Kac, M. & Slepian, D. (1959). Large excursions of Gaussian processes. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 30: 1215–1228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Leadbetter, M.R., Lindgren, G., & Rootzén, H. (1983). Extremes and related properties of random sequences and processes. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Lindgren, G. (1979). Prediction of level crossings for normal processes containing deterministic components. Advances in Applied Probability 11: 93–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Lindgren, G. (1983). On the shape and duration of FM-clicks. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IT-29: 536–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Lindgren, G. (1984). Shape and duration of clicks in modulated FM transmission. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IT-30: 728–735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Lindgren, G. & Rootzén, H. (1987). Extreme values: Theory and technical applications. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 14: 241–279.Google Scholar
9.Lindgren, G. & Rychlik, I. (1982). Wave characteristic distributions for Gaussian waves—Wavelength, amplitude and steepness. Ocean Engineering 9: 411–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Lindgren, G. & Rychlik, I. (1991). Slepian models and regression approximations in crossing and extreme value theory. International Statistical Review 59: 195–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Polacek, M., Shamai, S. (Shitz), & Bar-David, I. (1988). On threshold extending FM receivers. IEEE Transactions on Communication Theory 36: 375–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Rainal, A.J. (1980). Theoretical duration and amplitude of an FM click. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IT-26: 369–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Rice, S.O. (1963). Noise in FM receivers. In Rosenblatt, M. (ed.), Time series analysis. New York: Wiley, pp. 395–422.Google Scholar
14.Rychlik, I. (1987). Regression approximations of wavelength and amplitude distributions. Advances in Applied Probability 19: 396–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Rychlik, I. & Lindgren, G. (1993). CROSSREG—A technique for first passage and wave density analysis. Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 7: 125–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Slepian, D. (1963). On the zeros of Gaussian noise. In Rosenblatt, M. (ed.), Time series analysis. New York: Wiley, pp. 104–115.Google Scholar