The links between deprivation, poverty and ill health are well known, but many people with significant health problems do not claim welfare benefits to which they are entitled. Accessing advice within primary health care may be one way of tackling this problem. The aim of this development project was to develop and evaluate over a 3-year period a welfare rights advice and information service that would not only complement the work of the primary health care team, but also target those patients who were most in need. The service was developed using an action research approach. Three models were used with different primary health care teams. The evaluation consisted of both qualitative and quantitative elements. The qualitative study used semi-structured one-to-one interviews with 11 patients who consented to be contacted, two Citizens' Advice Bureau workers and 26 primary health care team members from 10 general practices in Gateshead covering a wide range of practices and patients (approximately 73 000) from all socio-economic groups, and additional focus group interviews with three further primary health care teams. Quantitative data were collected by the Citizens' Advice Bureau on 683 patients and benefits received. A welfare rights service with an attached Citizens' Advice Bureau worker was seen as beneficial by the primary health care team. The work of the primary health care team was complemented by the CAB worker's additional expertise. Many patients entitled to benefits who would not otherwise have sought advice from a Citizens' Advice Bureau worker were referred by primary health care team members. It was found that targeting people unable to access the surgery reached those most in need in the project group. For those referred, a cumulative total of £1 641 865 was gained during the lifetime of the project. Many patients were referred and as a result received benefits. Optimum use of the service was achieved by restricting the service to the housebound. The use of a dedicated telephone line appeared to maximize the use of the workers' time, and also made few demands on the time of the primary health care team.