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Survey of Preventable Disaster Death at Medical Institutions in Areas Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Retrospective Preliminary Investigation of Medical Institutions in Miyagi Prefecture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2015

Satoshi Yamanouchi ,
Hiroyuki Sasaki ,
Miho Tsuruwa ,
Yuzuru Ueki ,
Yoshitaka Kohayagawa ,
Hisayoshi Kondo ,
Yasuhiro Otomo ,
Yuichi Koido  and
Shigeki Kushimoto
Satoshi Yamanouchi*
Affiliation:
Emergency Center, Osaki Citizen Hospital, Osaki, Japan Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
Hiroyuki Sasaki
Affiliation:
Division of International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Miho Tsuruwa
Affiliation:
Institute for Clinical Research, National Disaster Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
Yuzuru Ueki
Affiliation:
Department of Acute Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
Yoshitaka Kohayagawa
Affiliation:
Institute for Clinical Research, National Disaster Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
Hisayoshi Kondo
Affiliation:
Institute for Clinical Research, National Disaster Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
Yasuhiro Otomo
Affiliation:
Department of Acute Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
Yuichi Koido
Affiliation:
Institute for Clinical Research, National Disaster Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
Shigeki Kushimoto
Affiliation:
Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
*
Correspondence: Satoshi Yamanouchi, MD, PhD Emergency Center Osaki Citizen Hospital 3-8-1 Honami, Furukawa, Osaki 989-6183, Japan E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Problem

The 2011, magnitude (M) 9, Great East Japan Earthquake and massive tsunami caused widespread devastation and left approximately 18,500 people dead or missing. The incidence of preventable disaster death (PDD) during the Great East Japan Earthquake remains to be clarified; the present study investigated PDD at medical institutions in areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake in order to improve disaster medical systems.

Methods

A total of 25 hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture (Japan) that were disaster base hospitals (DBHs), or had at least 20 patient deaths between March 11, 2011 and April 1, 2011, were selected to participate based on the results of a previous study. A database was created using the medical records of all patient deaths (n=868), and PDD was determined from discussion with 10 disaster health care professionals.

Results

A total of 102 cases of PDD were identified at the participating hospitals. The rate of PDD was higher at coastal hospitals compared to inland hospitals (62/327, 19.0% vs 40/541, 7.4%; P<.01). No difference was observed in overall PDD rates between DBHs and general hospitals (GHs); however, when analysis was limited to cases with an in-hospital cause of PDD, the PDD rate was higher at GHs compared to DBHs (24/316, 7.6% vs 21/552, 3.8%; P<.05). The most common causes of PDD were: insufficient medical resources, delayed medical intervention, disrupted lifelines, deteriorated environmental conditions in homes and emergency shelters at coastal hospitals, and delayed medical intervention at inland hospitals. Meanwhile, investigation of PDD causes based on type of medical institution demonstrated that, while delayed medical intervention and deteriorated environmental conditions in homes and emergency shelters were the most common causes at DBHs, insufficient medical resources and disrupted lifelines were prevalent causes at GHs.

Conclusion

Preventable disaster death at medical institutions in areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred mainly at coastal hospitals. Insufficient resources (at GHs), environmental factors (at coastal hospitals), and delayed medical intervention (at all hospitals) constituted the major potential contributing factors. Further investigation of all medical institutions in Miyagi Prefecture, including those with fewer than 20 patient deaths, is required in order to obtain a complete picture of the details of PDD at medical institutions in the disaster area.

YamanouchiS , SasakiH , TsuruwaM , UekiY , KohayagawaY , KondoH , OtomoY , KoidoY , KushimotoS . Survey of Preventable Disaster Death at Medical Institutions in Areas Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Retrospective Preliminary Investigation of Medical Institutions in Miyagi Prefecture. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-7.

Keywords

disaster medicinedisaster-relief planningdisaster victimsearthquakestsunamis
Type
Original Research
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , April 2015 , pp. 145 - 151
Copyright
© World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2015 

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