The general public's association with livestock (cattle, sheep and horses) raises a need for public safety. During emergency/disasters, animals are accidentally/intentionally released from containment structures. Loose livestock become agitated with unpredictable behavior which is a risk to both humans and animals. Specific training/protocols for responders are necessary for dealing with livestock.

Livestock running loose in populated areas raises risks to people, especially during capture attempts. Untrained personnel subject themselves to undue danger when assisting with livestock capture. Capture plans should be in place in advance and training should be provided to first responders on safety issues regarding animals.

A review of a loose livestock event brought forth the following considerations: (1) Evaluate the risks of a loose livestock/public event; (2) Inspect containment facility and identify secondary containment barriers, including fencing, buildings, rivers, etc.; (3) Develop plan for capture and containment within the immediate facility and surrounding area; (4) Provide training: training exercises, animal capture, basic animal behavior, and Incident Command System for first responders; (5) Arrange for emergency care or humane euthanasia for injured animals; (6) Coordinate capture and transport activities with local livestock experts.

Production of a comprehensive loose livestock plan can prevent injury and/or death to both people/animals. Agencies involved in safety and emergency response should have a well written plan that can be used by all appropriate local agencies involved in loose livestock response. The utilization of a loose livestock worksheet (template) with professional training is essential for emergency response agencies.

Disaster managers should develop a comprehensive plan and training program with other local agencies in advance of an event to respond effectively to capture loose livestock.