Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T19:00:18.118Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Structural elucidation of synthetic calcium silicates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 February 2012

Thomas Borrmann ,
James H. Johnston ,
Andrew J. McFarlane ,
Kenneth J. D. MacKenzie  and
Akihiko Nukui
Thomas Borrmann
Affiliation:
School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
James H. Johnston
Affiliation:
School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
Andrew J. McFarlane
Affiliation:
School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
Kenneth J. D. MacKenzie
Affiliation:
School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
Akihiko Nukui
Affiliation:
Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A series of synthetic calcium silicates has been produced comprising nano-sized plates. The starting calcium silicate referred to as nano-structured calcium silicate, NCS, appears itself X-ray amorphous but contains impurities of calcite. These impurities decompose during the dry thermal conversion of the material into wollastonite. NCS can be enriched with calcium or silicon, respectively. The silicon enriched NCS can be hydrothermally transformed into a sheet material related to Ca7Si16O38(OH)2. The X-ray pattern of this material was sufficient to allow the calculation of its unit cell with a comparatively high figure of merit. The calcium enriched NCS can form two very distinctly different ceramic materials upon hydrothermal treatment, one a band material (formed below 200 °C) and the other a rose petal shaped material (formed above 210 °C). The X-ray diffraction patterns could not be resolved. The fit between the observed and calculated patterns was less than 50% as expressed in comparatively low figures of merit (unusually <20), which is attributed to calcium carbonate impurities in the samples disrupting the long range order. The patterns of these calcium enriched samples could be best compared to those of tobermorite or truscotite.

Keywords

nano-structuredcalcium silicateprecursorcalcite impurities
Type
TECHNICAL ARTICLES
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , September 2008 , pp. 204 - 212
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Boikova, A. I. and Toropov, N. A. (1964). “Stoichiometry and polymorphism of tricalcium silicate,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR DANKAS 156, 1428–1431.Google Scholar
Borrmann, T., McFarlane, A. J., Johnston, J. H., Markwitz, A., and Dytlewski, N. (2005). “Heavy-ion elastic recoil detection analysis as a useful tool for tracking experimental modifications in bulk calcium silicates,” Surf. Interface Anal. SIANDQ 37, 695–698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cairns, M. J., Borrmann, T., Höll, W. H., and Johnston, J. H. (2006). “Study of the uptake of copper ions by nanostructured calcium silicate,” Microporous Mesoporous Mater. MIMMFJ 95, 126–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooksley, B., Lachowski, E. E., Murray, L. W., and Taylor, F. M. (1979). “Truscottite-composition and ionic substitutions,” Miner. Mag. MNLMBB 43, 333–336.Google Scholar
Drits, V. A. (2003). “Structural and chemical heterogeneity of layer silicates and clay minerals,” Clay Miner. CLMIAF 38, 403–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gard, J. A., Luke, K., and Taylor, H. F. W. (1981). “Ca7Si16O40H2, a new calcium silicate hydrate phase of the truscottite group,” Cem. Concr. Res. CCNRAI 11, 659–664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorce, J.-P. and Milestone, N. B. (2007). “Probing the microstructure and water phases in composite cement blends,” Cem. Concr. Res. CCNRAI 37, 310–318.Google Scholar
Han, Y., Wang, Z., Li, X., Fu, J., and Cheng, Z. (2001). “Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization, properties and applications,” Curr. Trends Polym. Sci. CTSCFK 6, 1–16.Google Scholar
Heller, L. and Taylor, F. M. (1956). Crystallographic Data for Calcium Silicates (H. M. S. O., London).Google Scholar
Hoshino, S., Yamada, K., and Hirao, H. (2006). “XRD/Rietveld analysis of the hydration and strength development of slag and limestone blended cement,” J. Adv. Concr. Technol. JACTBX 4, 357–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iler, R. K. (1979). The Chemistry of Silica: Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid and Surface Properties and Biochemistry of Silica (Wiley, New York).Google Scholar
Johnston, J. H., McFarlane, A. J., and Borrmann, T. (2005). “Nano-structured Calcium Silicate, Functionalised Forms Thereof, Preparation and Uses,” New Zealand Patent Application 537747.Google Scholar
Le Bail, A. (2004). “Monte Carlo indexing with McMaille,” Powder Diffr. PODIE2 10.1154/1.1763152 19, 249–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, L. H., Chen, L. D., Bai, S. Q., Chang, J., and Lin, K. L. (2006). “Preparation of dense β-CaSiO3 ceramic with high mechanical strength and HAp formation ability in simulated body fluid,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. JECSER 26, 1701–1706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKenzie, K. J. D., Komphanchai, S., and Fletcher, R. A. (2007). “New trends in the chemistry of inorganic polymers for advanced applications,” in Developments in Porous, Biological and Geopolymer Ceramics: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 28, Issue 9, edited by Brito, M. E., Case, E., Kriven, W. M., Salem, J., and Zhu, D. (Wiley-American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH), pp. 249–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsueda, H. (1973). “Iron-wollastonite from the Sampo mine showing properties distinct from those of wollastonite,” Mineral. J. MJTOAS 7, 180–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milestone, N. B. (1999). “Hydrothermal and nonambient curing of cement and concrete,” in Cements Research Progress: 1997, edited by Struble, L. J. (American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH), pp. 107–128.Google Scholar
Ohashi, Y. and Finger, L. W. (1978). “The role of octahedral cations in pyroxenoid crystal chemistry. I. Bustamite, wollastonite, and the pectolite-schizolite-serandite series,” Am. Mineral. AMMIAY 63, 274–288.Google Scholar
Ratinac, K. R., Zhu, H. Y., Stadtmueller, L. M., and Ringer, S. P. (2002). “Case studies in nanostructural analysis for understanding nanomaterials,” Mater. Forum MFOREM 26, 44–73.Google Scholar
Rehak, P., Kunath-Fandrei, G., Losso, P., Hildmann, B., Schneider, H., and Jäger, C. (1998). “Study of the Al coordination in mullites with varying Al:Si ratio by 27Al NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction,” Am. Mineral. AMMIAY 83, 1266–1276.Google Scholar
Rietveld, H. M. (1969). “Profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures,” J. Appl. Crystallogr. JACGAR 10.1107/S0021889869006558 2, 65–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swanson, H. E. and Fuyat, R. K. (1953). Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns (National Bureau of Standards Circular No. 539) (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington), Vol. 2, p. 51.Google Scholar
Taylor, H. F. W. (1957). “The dehydration of tobermorite,” Clays Clay Miner. CLCMAB 6, 101–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zilg, C., Reichert, P., Dietsche, F., Engelhardt, T., and Muelhaupt, R. (1998). “Polymer and rubber nanocomposites based upon layered silicates,” Kunststoffe Plast. Eur. 88, 1812–1820.Google Scholar
Zotov, N. (1990). “Structure of natural silicate glasses. Interferences from x-ray diffraction studies,” Rostocker Phys. Manuskripte 14, 5–15.Google Scholar