Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T01:07:42.677Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Skinny blues: Karen Carpenter, anorexia nervosa and popular music

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2017

George McKay*
Affiliation:
Film Television & Media Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This article discusses an extraordinary body in popular music, that belonging to the person with anorexia which is also usually a gendered body – female – and that of the singer or frontperson. I explore the relation between the anorexic body and popular music, which is more than simply looking at constructions of anorexia in pop. It involves contextually thinking about the (medical) history and the critical reception and representation, the place of anorexia across the creative industries more widely, and a particular moment when pop played a role in the public awareness of anorexia. Following such context the article looks in more detail at a small number of popular music artists who had experience of anorexia, their stage and media presentations (of it), and how they did or apparently did not explore their experience of it in their own work and public appearances. This close discussion is framed within thinking about the popular music industry's capacity for carelessness, its schedule of pressure and practice of destruction on its own stars, particularly in this instance its female artists. This is an article about a condition and an industry. At its heart is the American singer and drummer Karen Carpenter (1950–1983), a major international pop star in the 1970s, in the Carpenters duo with her brother Richard; the other figures discussed are Scottish child pop star Lena Zavaroni (1963–1999), and the Welsh rock lyricist, stylist and erstwhile guitarist of the Manic Street Preachers, Richey Edwards (1967–1995 missing/2008 officially presumed dead).

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Alexander, J. (dir.) 2000. The Real Lena Zavaroni. Channel Four Television. Broadcast 23 February 2000, part of the Trouble With Food season of programmesGoogle Scholar
Anderson, P. 2010. So Much Wasted: Hunger, Performance, and the Morbidity of Resistance (Durham NC, Duke University Press)Google Scholar
Anon. 1975. ‘Concert review: Riviera, Las Vegas, August 24, 1975’, Variety, 3 September. (Reprinted 2012 in Yesterday Once More: The Carpenters Reader, revised edn, ed. Schmidt, R.L. (Chicago, IL, Chicago Review Press), pp. 135–6.)Google Scholar
Bailie, S. 1992. ‘Manic Street Preachers interview’, New Musical Express. (Reprinted 2015. http://www.nme.com/features/manic-street-preachers-interview-read-a-classic-nme-interview-with-the-band-from-may-1992-on-the-emp-757238 (accessed June 16 2017.))Google Scholar
Bangs, L. 1971. ‘The Carpenters and the creeps’, Rolling Stone, 4 March. (Reprinted 2012 in Yesterday Once More: The Carpenters Reader, revised edn, ed. Schmidt, R.L. (Chicago, IL, Chicago Review Press), pp. 1721.)Google Scholar
Brumberg, J.J. 2000. Fasting Girls: The History of Anorexia Nervosa. (First published 1988.) (New York: Vintage)Google Scholar
Burns, Maree. 2009. ‘Bodies as (im)material: bulimia and body image discourse’, in Critical Feminist Approaches to Eating Dis/Orders, Malson, H. and Burns, M. (eds) (London, Routledge), pp. 124–34Google Scholar
Carpenter, R. 1983. Interview on Good Morning America, 2 November. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9XGUgOef28 (accessed 6 August 2016)Google Scholar
Coleman, R. 1975. ‘Carpenters – good, clean, all-American aggro!’, Melody Maker, 8 November. (Reprinted 2012 in Yesterday Once More: The Carpenters Reader, revised edn, ed. Schmidt, R.L. (Chicago, IL, Chicago Review Press), pp. 145–74.)Google Scholar
Coleman, R. 1994. The Carpenters: The Untold Story: An Authorized Biography (London, Boxtree)Google Scholar
Eli, K. 2012. ‘4st 7lbs’: Eating Disorders, Between Horror and Survival. UBVO Opinion Paper #03 (Oxford, Unit for Biocultural Variation and Obesity)Google Scholar
Farrell, A.E. 2011. Fat Shame: Stigma and the Fat Body in American Culture (New York, New York University Press)Google Scholar
Ferguson, R. 2006 (?). ‘Never good enough’. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgeLislRCko (accessed 14 March 2017)Google Scholar
Garner, D., and Garfinkel, P.E. 1980. ‘Socio-cultural factors in the development of anorexia nervosa’, Psychological Medicine, 10, pp. 647–56Google Scholar
Gordon, K. n.d. ‘Open letter to Karen’, extracted at http://dangerousminds.net/comments/kim_gordons_open_letter_to_karen_carpenter (accessed 16 April 2016)Google Scholar
Hilburn, R. 1983. ‘A lesson in art of emotion: Karen Carpenter’s intimate vocals disarm a critic.’ Los Angeles Times, February 13. (Reprinted 2012 in Yesterday Once More: The Carpenters Reader, revised edn, ed. Schmidt, R.L. (Chicago, IL, Chicago Review Press), pp. 249252 Google Scholar
Holmes, S. 2015. ‘“Little Lena's a big girl now”: Lena Zavaroni and the anorexic star’, Feminist Media Studies, 15/5, 813–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarman-Ivens, F. 2007. ‘You're not really t/here: authorship, nostalgia & the absent “Superstar”’, Popular Musicology Online, issue 5. http://www.popular-musicology-online.com/issues/05/jarman-ivens-01.html (accessed 5 August 2015)Google Scholar
Jarman-Ivens, F. 2011. Queer Voices: Technologies, Vocalities, and the Musical Flaw (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan)Google Scholar
Katzman, M.A. 2009. ‘Foreword’, in Critical Feminist Approaches to Eating Dis/Orders, ed. Malson, H. and Burns, M. (London, Routledge), pp. xviixx Google Scholar
‘List of best-selling music artists.’ 2017. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists (accessed 13 February 2017)Google Scholar
Llewellyn-Jones, J., dir. 1994. Caraline's Story: A Young Anorexic's Final Months. BBC Television. Broadcast 11 April 1994, in the Forty Minutes documentary series.Google Scholar
Lott, E. 2008. ‘Perfect is dead: Karen Carpenter, Theodor Adorno, and the radio; or, if hooks could kill’, Criticism, 50/2, pp. 219–34Google Scholar
Lubet, A. 2011. Music, Disability, and Society (Philadelphia, PA, Temple University Press)Google Scholar
Malson, H. 1998. The Thin Woman: Feminism, Post-Structuralism, and the Social Psychology of Anorexia Nervosa (London, Routledge)Google Scholar
Malson, H.M., and Ussher, J.M. 1997. ‘Beyond this mortal coil: femininity, death and discursive constructions of the anorexic body’, Mortality: Promoting the Interdisciplinary Study of Death and Dying, 2/1, pp. 4361 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcus, G. 1991. Dead Elvis: A Chronicle of a Cultural Obsession (Harmondsworth, Penguin)Google Scholar
McFerran, K., Baker, F., Patton, G.C., and Walker, S.M. 2006. ‘A retrospective lyrical analysis of songs written by adolescents with anorexia nervosa,’ European Eating Disorders Review, 14, 397403 Google Scholar
McKay, G. 2009. ‘“Crippled with nerves”: popular music and polio, with particular reference to Ian Dury’, Popular Music, 28/3, pp. 341–65Google Scholar
McKay, G. 2013. Shakin’ All Over: Popular Music and Disability (Ann Arbor, MI, Michigan University Press)Google Scholar
Morris, M. 2013. The Persistence of Sentiment: Display and Feeling in Popular Music of the 1970s (Berkeley, CA, University of California Press)Google Scholar
Naglin, N. 1978. ‘The Carpenters go country?’, Country Music, August. (Reprinted 2012 in Yesterday Once More: The Carpenters Reader, revised edn, ed. Schmidt, R.L. (Chicago, IL, Chicago Review Press), pp. 215–9.)Google Scholar
Power, M. 2010. Nailed to History: The Story of Manic Street Preachers (London, Omnibus)Google Scholar
Rose, E. 2015. ‘15 musicians who have suffered from eating disorders’, Rant Hollywood website, 28 February. http://www.ranthollywood.com/2015/02/28/15-musicians-who-have-suffered-from-eating-disorders/ (accessed 23 November 2016)Google Scholar
Saukko, P. 2006. ‘Rereading media and eating disorders: Karen Carpenter, Princess Diana, and the healthy female self’, Critical Studies in Media Communication, 23/2, 152–69Google Scholar
Schmidt, R.L. 2010. Little Girl Blue: The Life of Karen Carpenter (London, Omnibus)Google Scholar
Shell, M. 2005. Polio and its Aftermath: The Paralysis of Culture (Cambridge, Harvard University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. 2014. Women Drummers: A History from Rock and Jazz to Blues and Country (New York, Rowman and Littlefield)Google Scholar
Smucker, Tom. 1975. ‘The Carpenters: forbidden fruit’, Village Voice, 2 June. (Reprinted 2012 in Yesterday Once More: The Carpenters Reader, revised edn, ed. Schmidt, R.L. (Chicago, IL, Chicago Review Press), pp. 85–7.)Google Scholar
Thomson, R.G. 1997. Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature (New York, Columbia University Press)Google Scholar
Thorpe, V. 1999. ‘Anorexia snuffs out the child pop star who never grew up’, The Observer, 3 October. http://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/oct/03/vanessathorpe.theobserver (accessed 16 June 2017)Google Scholar
Tiggemann, M., and Slater, A. 2004. ‘Thin ideals in music television: a source of social comparison and body dissatisfaction’, International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35/1, 4858 Google Scholar
Vargesson, N. 2015. ‘Thalidomide-induced teratogenesis: history and mechanisms’, Birth Defects Research Part C, 105, 140–56Google Scholar
Vernallis, C. 2013. Unruly Media: YouTube, Music Video and the New Digital Cinema (Oxford, Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Warwick, J., and Adrian, A. (eds) 2016. Voicing Girlhood in Popular Music: Performance, Authority, Authenticity (Abingdon, Routledge)Google Scholar

Discography

Carpenter, Karen. ‘Last one singin’ the blues’. Karen Carpenter. A&M Records. 1996 (recorded 1979/1980)Google Scholar
Carpenters. ‘Top of the world.’ A Song for You. A&M Records. 1972 Google Scholar
Carpenters. ‘Only yesterday’. Horizon. A&M Records. 1975 Google Scholar
Carpenters. ‘I need to be in love’. A Kind of Hush. A&M Records. 1976 Google Scholar
Carpenters. ‘Two sides’. Passage. A&M Records. 1977aGoogle Scholar
Carpenters. ‘Don't cry for me, Argentina’. Passage. A&M Records. 1977bGoogle Scholar
Manic Street Preachers. ‘4st 7lbs’. The Holy Bible. Epic Records. 1994 Google Scholar
Sonic Youth. ‘Tunic (song for Karen)’. Goo. DGC Records. 1990 Google Scholar
Various artists. If I Were A Carpenter. A&M Records. 1994 Google Scholar
Zavaroni, Lena. ‘Ma! (He's making eyes at me)’/‘Rock-a-bye your baby with a Dixie melody’. Philips Records. 1974aGoogle Scholar
Zavaroni, Lena. ‘Ma! (He's making eyes at me)’. Jerry Lewis, Muscular Dystrophy telethon, September 1974b. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWe7gImXAoE (accessed 10 July 2017)Google Scholar