Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T07:12:56.877Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Gender and the (In)divisibility of Contested Sacred Places: The Case of Women for the Temple

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 May 2017

Lihi Ben Shitrit*
Affiliation:
The University of Georgia
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Lihi Ben Shitrit, The University of Georgia, School of Public and International Affairs, 204 Candler Hall, Athens, GA 30602. E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract

Contested sacred sites, over which different religious groups assert claims to exclusivity, have drawn scholarly attention to the spatial interaction between religion and politics. However, the gendered dimensions of inter-communal religious-political disputes over sacred space, and women's roles in these site-specific conflicts, have been largely neglected. Using a case study of Orthodox Jewish women's activism for access to Temple Mount al-Haram al-Sharif, this article demonstrates how attention to gender and to women's engagement in inter-communal conflict over sacred places can illuminate unique intra-communal processes that aim to make a contested sacred site increasingly indivisible for parties to the conflict.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Religion and Politics Section of the American Political Science Association 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

I would like to thank the Sarah H. Moss Fellowship at the University of Georgia, and the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa for supporting the fieldwork for this article. Thank you also to Mona Tajali, Mahmoud Jaraba, Jan Feldman, Heidi Basch-Harod, Margaret Brabant, Irem Güney-Frahm, Ron Hassner, Isak Svensson, the participants in the Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies 2017 seminar, and the three anonymous reviewers for their feedback.

References

REFERENCES

Agadjanian, Victor. 2015. “Women's Religious Authority in a Sub-Saharan Setting: Dialectics of Empowerment and Dependency.” Gender & Society 29:9821008.Google Scholar
Ariel, Yaakov. 2001. “Doomsday in Jerusalem? Christian Messianic Groups and the Rebuilding of the Temple.” Terrorism and Political Violence 13:114.Google Scholar
Bano, Masooda, and Kalmbach, Hilary. 2011. Women, Leadership, and Mosques: Changes in Contemporary Islamic Authority. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Barkan, Elazar, and Barkey, Karen. 2014. Choreographies of Shared Sacred Sites: Religion, Politics, and Conflict Resolution. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Ben Shitrit, Lihi. 2015. Righteous Transgressions: Women's Activism on the Israeli and Palestinian Religious Right: Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, Glenn. 2012. Sharing the Sacra. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Breger, Marshall J., Reiter, Yitzhak, and Hammer, Leonard. 2009. Holy Places in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Confrontation and Co-Existence. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Carmichael, David L., Hubert, Jane, Reeves, Brian, and Schanche, Audhild. 2013. Sacred Sites, Sacred Places. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Charme, Stuart L. 2005. “The Political Transformation of Gender Traditions at the Western Wall in Jerusalem.” Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 21:534.Google Scholar
Cohen, Yoel. 1999. “The Political Role of the Israeli Chief Rabbinate in the Temple Mount Question.” Jewish Political Studies Review 11:101126.Google Scholar
Cohen-Hattab, Kobi. 2010. “Struggles at Holy Sites and Their Outcomes: The Evolution of the Western Wall Plaza in Jerusalem.” Journal of Heritage Tourism 5:125139.Google Scholar
Dubisch, Jill. 1995. In a Different Place: Pilgrimage, Gender, and Politics at a Greek Island Shrine. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Dumper, Michael. 2002. The Politics of Sacred Space: The Old City of Jerusalem in the Middle East Conflict. New York, NY: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
El-Or, Tamar, and Aran, Gideon. 1995. “Giving Birth to a Settlement: Maternal Thinking and Political Action of Jewish Women on the West Bank.” Gender & Society 9:6078.Google Scholar
El-Or, Tamar, and Watzman, Haim. 2002. Next Year I Will Know More: Literacy and Identity among Young Orthodox Women in Israel. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.Google Scholar
Falah, Ghazi-Walid, and Rose Nagel, Caroline. 2005. Geographies of Muslim Women: Gender, Religion, and Space. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Fearon, James D. 1995. “Rationalist Explanations for War.” International Organization 49:379414.Google Scholar
Feige, Michael. 2013. “Soft Power: The Meaning of Home for Gush Emunim Settlers.” Journal of Israeli History 32:109126.Google Scholar
Goddard, Stacie E. 2006. “Uncommon Ground: Indivisible Territory and the Politics of Legitimacy.” International Organization 60:3568.Google Scholar
Goddard, Stacie E. 2009. Indivisible Territory and the Politics of Legitimacy: Jerusalem and Northern Ireland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gonen, Rivka. 2003. Contested Holiness: Jewish, Muslim, and Christian Perspectives on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. New York, NY: KTAV Publishing House, Inc.Google Scholar
Goren, Shlomo. 2004. Sefer Har ha-Bayit (Temple Mount Book). Tel Aviv: Yediot Sfarim Google Scholar
Gorenberg, Gershom. 2002. The End of Days: Fundamentalism and the Struggle for the Temple Mount. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Grossman, Susan. 1992. “Women and the Jerusalem Temple.” In Daughters of the King: Women and the Synagogue, eds. Grossman, S., and Huat, R.. Philadelphia, PA: Jewish Publication Society, 1538.Google Scholar
Grossman, Susan, and Haut, Rivka. 1992. Daughters of the King: Women and the Synagogue, eds. Grossman, S., and Huat, R.. Philadelphia, PA: Jewish Publication Society Google Scholar
Hartman, Tova, and Marmon, Naomi. 2004. “Lived Regulations, Systemic Attributions Menstrual Separation and Ritual Immersion in the Experience of Orthodox Jewish Women.” Gender & Society 18:389408.Google Scholar
Hassner, Ron E. 2003. “‘To Halve and to Hold’: Conflicts Over Sacred Space and the Problem of Indivisibility.” Security Studies 12:133.Google Scholar
Hassner, Ron Eduard. 2009. War on Sacred Grounds. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Hayden, Robert M. 2002. “Antagonistic Tolerance.” Current Anthropology 43:205231.Google Scholar
Hensel, Paul R., and McLaughlin Mitchell, Sara. 2005. “Issue Indivisibility and Territorial Claims.” GeoJournal 64:275285.Google Scholar
Hipsh, Galia. 2015. “Nashim holmot mikdash (Women Dream of the Temple).” Nashim, August 7.Google Scholar
Inbari, Motti. 2007. “Religious Zionism and the Temple Mount dilemma—Key Trends.” Israel Studies 12:2947.Google Scholar
Inbari, Motti. 2012. Messianic Religious Zionism Confronts Israeli Territorial Compromises. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Israel-Cohen, Y. 2012. “Jewish Modern Orthodox Women, Active Resistance and Synagogue Ritual.” Contemporary Jewry 32:325.Google Scholar
Joseph, Norma Baumel. 1992. “Mehitzah: Halakhic Decisions and Political Consequences.” In Daughters of the King: Women and the Synagogue, eds. Grossman, S., and Huat, R.. Philadelphia, PA: Jewish Publication Society, 117134.Google Scholar
Katz, Marion. 2014. Women in the Mosque: A History of Legal Thought and Social Practice. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Lahav, Pnina. 2000. “Up Against the Wall: Women's Legal Struggle to Pray at the Western Wall in Jerusalem.” Israel Studies Forum 16:1922.Google Scholar
Leppäkari, Maria. 2014. “Liberating the Temple Mount: Apocalyptic Tendencies among Jewish Temple Activists.” Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 19:193212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Massey, Doreen. 1994. Space, Place and Gender. Oxford: Backwell.Google Scholar
Mattar, Philip. 1983. “The Role of the Mufti of Jerusalem in the Political Struggle over the Western Wall, 1928–29.” Middle Eastern Studies 19:104118.Google Scholar
McDowell, Linda. 1999. Gender, Identity and Place: Understanding Feminist Geographies. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Morin, Karen M. 2007. Women, Religion & Space: Global Perspectives on Gender and Faith. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
Neuman, Tamara. 2004. “Maternal ‘Anti-Politics’ in the Formation of Hebron's Jewish Enclave.” Journal of Palestine Studies 33:5170.Google Scholar
Prickett, Pamela J. 2014. “Negotiating Gendered Religious Space: The Particularities of Patriarchy in an African American Mosque.” Gender & Society 29:525.Google Scholar
Reiter, Yitzhak. 2009. “Contest or Cohabitation in Shared Holy Places? The Cave of the Patriarchs and Samuels Tomb.” In Holy Places in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Confrontation and Co-Existence, eds. Breger, Marshall J., Reiter, Yitzhak, and Hammer, Leonard. New York, NY: Routledge, 158175.Google Scholar
Rountree, Kathryn. 2002. “Goddess Pilgrims as Tourists: Inscribing the Body through Sacred Travel.” Sociology of Religion 63:475496.Google Scholar
Rountree, Kathryn. 2006. “Performing the Divine: Neo-Pagan Pilgrimages and Embodiment at Sacred Sites.” Body & Society 12:95115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sered, Susan. 1997. “Women and Religious Change in Israel: Rebellion or Revolution.” Sociology of Religion 58:124.Google Scholar
Sered, Susan Starr. 1986. “Rachel's Tomb and the Milk Grotto of the Virgin Mary: Two Women's Shrines in Bethlehem.” Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 2:722.Google Scholar
Stadler, Nurit, and Luz, Nimrod. 2014. “The Veneration of Wombs-Tombs: Body-Based Rituals and Politics at Mary's Tomb and Maqam Abu al-Hijja (Israel/Palestine).” Journal of anthropological research 70:183205.Google Scholar
Taylor, Verta. 1999. “Gender and Social Movements Gender Processes in Women's Self-Help Movements.” Gender & Society 13:833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toft, Monica Duffy. 2005. The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Zion-Waldoks, Tanya. 2015. “Politics of Devoted Resistance Agency, Feminism, and Religion among Orthodox Agunah Activists in Israel.” Gender & Society 29:7397.Google Scholar