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Toward a Theory of Backlash: Dynamic Resistance and the Central Role of Power

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2008

Jane Mansbridge  and
Shauna L. Shames
Jane Mansbridge
Affiliation:
Harvard University
Shauna L. Shames
Affiliation:
Harvard University
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Extract

To understand backlash theoretically, we must first carve out an analytically useful term from the cluster of its common political associations. In colloquial usage, “backlash” denotes politically conservative reactions to progressive (or liberal) social or political change (Faludi 1991 is a classic in this vein). Here, however, we attempt a nonideological definition of backlash embedded in a more neutral approach to its study. In colloquial usage, backlash includes acts of genuine persuasion as well as of power. Here, however, we suggest that it may be analytically helpful to confine its meaning to acts of coercive power. We draw on the sociological literature on social movements and countermovements, as well as the political science literature on power, preferences, and interests. We focus mostly on examples drawn from the United States and relating to feminism and gender. We begin where the process of backlash itself begins, with power and a challenge to the status quo.

Type
Critical Perspectives on Gender and Politics
Information
Politics & Gender , Volume 4 , Issue 4 , December 2008 , pp. 623 - 634
Copyright
Copyright © The Women and Politics Research Section of the American Political Science Association 2008

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