Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T18:19:46.098Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Impact of Domestic and Transnational Conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2012

Eunhye Yoo
Eunhye Yoo
Affiliation:
Yonsei University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

As global society has observed the rise of women's rights and their development in a context of globalization, much research has focused on the conditions under which women's rights are acquired (e.g., Fallon 2003; Ferree 2006; Viterna and Fallon 2008). These include domestic conditions, such as democratization, economic development, and women's representation in national politics, as well as transnational conditions, such as neoliberal restructuring and transnational women's movements. Most studies, however, focus merely on one dimension of women's rights or explore one case in depth. Few studies compare cases of women's rights cross-nationally or longitudinally. This limitation can create much confusion in determining the factors that are influential or negligible for women's rights. By replicating and extending a recently published article focusing on women's social rights (Yoo 2011), I seek to distinguish the factors that are more and less influential in explaining women's political, economic, and social rights globally.

Type
Research Article
Information
Politics & Gender , Volume 8 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 304 - 340
Copyright
Copyright © The Women and Politics Research Section of the American Political Science Association 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abouharb, M. Rodwan, and Cingranelli, David L.. 2006. “The Human Rights Effects of World Bank Structural Adjustment, 1981–2000.” International Studies Quarterly 50 (2): 233–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abouharb, M. Rodwan, and Cingranelli, David L.. 2007. Human Rights and Structural Adjustment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acker, Joan. 2004. “Gender, Capitalism and Globalization.” Critical Sociology 30 (1): 17–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, Melinda. 2006. “Regional Women's Activism: African Women's Network and the African Union.” In Global Feminism, ed. Ferree, Myra Marx and Tripp, Aili Mari. New York: New York University Press, 187–218.Google Scholar
Adams, Melinda, and Kang, Alice. 2007. “Regional Advocacy Networks and the Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa.” Politics & Gender 3 (4): 451–74.Google Scholar
Alvarez, Sonia. 1990. Engendering Democracy in Brazil: Women's Movements in Transition Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Ampofo, Akosua Adomako, Beoku-Betts, Josephine, Njambi, Wairimu Ngaruiya, and Osirim, Mary. 2004. “Women's and Gender Studies in English-Speaking Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Research in the Social Sciences.” Gender & Society 18 (6): 685–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashwin, Sarah. 2000. Gender, State and Society in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Baden, Sally, and Goetz, Anne Marie. 1997. “Who Needs [Sex] When You Can Have [Gender]? Conflicting Discourses on Gender at Beijing.” Feminist Review 56 (Summer): 3–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagiç, Aida. 2006. “Women's Organizing in Post-Yugoslav Countries: Talking about ‘Donors.’” In Global Feminism, ed. Ferree, Myra Marx and Tripp, Aili Mari. New York: New York University Press, 141–65.Google Scholar
Bandelj, Nina. 2009. “The Global Economy as Instituted Process: The Case of Central and Eastern Europe.” American Sociological Review 74 (1): 128–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrientos, Stephanie, Kabeer, Naila, and Hossain, Naomi. 2004. “The Gender Dimensions of the Globalization of Production.” ILO Working Paper No.17. Geneva: ILO.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Nathaniel, and Katz, Jonathan N.. 1995. “What to Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data.” American Political Science Review 89 (3): 634–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckfield, Jason. 2003. “Inequality in the World Polity: The Structure of International Organization.” American Sociological Review 68 (3): 401–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkovitch, Nitza. 1999. From Motherhood to Citizenship: Women's Rights and International Organizations. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Boli, John, and George, M.Thomas. 1999. Constructing World Culture: International Non-governmental Organizations since 1875. Stanford: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borland, Elizabeth. 2004. “Cultural Opportunities and Tactical Choice in the Argentine and Chilean Reproductive Rights Movement.” Mobilization 9 (3): 327–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyle, Elizabeth Herger, and Kim, Minzee. 2009. “International Human Rights Law, Global Economic Reforms, and Child Survival and Development Rights Outcomes.” Law & Society Review 43 (3): 455–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breines, Wini, and Gordon, Linda. 1983. “The New Scholarship on Family Violence.” Signs 8 (3): 490–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, Seo-Young. 2010. “International Human Rights Treaty to Change Social Patterns — the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.” Discussion Papers, Number 93, January 2010. Center for European, Governance and Economic Development Research, Universität Göttingen.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cingranelli, David L., and Richards, David L.. 2008. The Cingranelli-Richards(CIRI) Human Rights Data Project Coding Manual Version 7.30.08. http://ciri.binghamton.edu/documentation/ciri_coding_guide.pdf (Accessed August 1, 2011).Google Scholar
Cingranelli, David L., and Richards, David L.. 2010a. “The Cingranelli and Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Data Project.” Human Rights Quarterly 32 (2): 395–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cingranelli, David L., and Richards, David L.. 2010b. The Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Dataset Version 2010.08.15. http://www.humanrightsdata.org (Accessed August 1, 2011).Google Scholar
Clark, Anne Marie, Friedman, Elizabeth J., and Hochstetler, Kathryn. 1998. “The Sovereign Limits of Global Civil Society: A Comparison of NGO Participation in UN World Conferences on the Environment, Human Rights, and Women.” World Politics 51 (1): 1–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, Wade M. 2005. “Sovereignty Relinquished? Explaining Commitment to the International Human Rights Covenants, 1966–1999.” American Sociological Review 70 (3): 472–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornia, Giovanni Adrea, Jolly, Richard, and Stewart, Frances. 1987. Adjustment with a Human Face. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dietz, Mary G. 1998. “Context Is All: Feminism and Theories of Citizenship.” In Feminism and Politics, ed. Phillips, Anne. New York: Oxford University Press, 378–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fallon, Kathleen M. 2003. “Transforming Women's Citizenship Rights within an Emerging Democratic State.” Gender & Society 17 (4): 525–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernandes, Sujatha. 2005. “Transnationalism and Feminist Activism in Cuba: The Case of Magín.” Politics & Gender 1 (3): 431–52.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Kelly, Maria Patricia. 1994. “Broadening the Scope: Gender and the Study of International Development.” In Comparative National Development, ed. Kincaid, A. Douglas and Portes, Alejandro. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 143–68.Google Scholar
Ferree, Myra Marx. 2006. “Globalization and Feminism: Opportunities and Obstacles for Activism in the Global Arena.” In Global Feminism, ed. Ferree, Myra Marx and Tripp, Aili Mari. New York: New York University Press, 3–23.Google Scholar
Friedman, Elizabeth Jay. 2009. “Re(gion)alizing Women's Human Rights in Latin America.” Politics & Gender 5 (3): 349–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gathii, James, and Nyamu, Celestine. 1996. “Reflections on United States–Based Human Rights NGOs’ Work on Africa.” Harvard Human Rights Journal 9: 285–96.Google Scholar
Ghosh, Jayati. 2002. “Globalization, Export-Oriented Employment for Women and Social Policy: A Case Study of India.” Social Scientist 30 (11/12): 17–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibler, Douglas M., and Sarkees, Meredith Reid. 2004. “Measuring Alliances: The Correlates of War Formal Interstate Alliance Dataset, 1816–2000.” Journal of Peace Research 41 (2): 211–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibney, Mark L., Cornett, Linda, and Wood, Reed M.. 2010. “Political Terror Scale 1976–2008.” http://www.politicalterrorscale.org (Accessed March 28, 2010).Google Scholar
Gray, Mark M., Kittilson, Miki Caul, and Sandholtz, Wayne. 2006. “Women and Globalization: A Study of 180 Countries, 1975–2000.” International Organization 60 (2): 293–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, William H. 2010. Modeling Ordered Choices: A Primer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hafner-Burton, Emilie M. 2005. “Right or Robust? The Sensitive Nature of Repression to Globalization.” Journal of Peace Research 42 (6): 679–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halaby, Charles N. 2004. “Panel Model in Sociological Research: Theory into Practice.” Annual Review of Sociology 30: 507–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffmann, John P. 2004. Generalized Linear Models: An Applied Approach. Boston: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1993. “The Clash of Civilization.” Foreign Affairs. 72 (3): 22–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P.. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Jaquette, Jane S., and Sharon, L. Wolchik. 1998. Women and Democracy: Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, Nathan. 2006. Nation-States and the Multinational Corporation: A Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Joachim, Jutta. 2003. “Framing Issues and Seizing Opportunities: The UN, NGOs, and Women's Rights.” International Studies Quarterly 47 (3): 247–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joekes, Susan P. 1982. Female-Led Industrialization: Women's Jobs in Third World Export Manufacturing. Brighton, England: Institute of Development Studies.Google Scholar
Kabeer, Naila. 2005. “Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment: A Critical Analysis of the Third Millennium Development Goal.” Gender & Development 13 (1): 13–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keck, Margaret E., and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
King, Gary, Tomz, Michael, and Witternberg, Jason. 2000. “Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and Presentation.” American Journal of Political Science 44 (2): 347–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, Sabine. 2009. “Assessing Advocacy: European Transnational Women's Networks and Gender Mainstreaming.” Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society 16 (3): 327–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim, Linda Y. C. 1983 “Capitalism, Imperialism, and Patriarchy: The Dilemma of Third-World Women Workers in Multinational Factories.” In Women, Men and the International Division of Labor, ed. Nash, June C. and Fernandez-Kelly, Maria P. Patricia. Albany: State University of New York Press, 70–91.Google Scholar
Long, J Scott. 1997. Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Longhofer, Wesley, and Schofer, Evan. 2010. “National and Global Origins of Environmental Association.” American Sociological Review 75 (4): 505–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maki, Omori. 1993. “Gender and the Labor Market.” Journal of Japanese Studies 19 (1): 79–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, T. H. 1950. Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mills, Mary Beth. 2005. “From Nimble Fingers to Raised Fists: Women and Labor Activism in Globalizing Thailand.” Signs 31 (1): 117–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moghadam, Valentine M. 1999. “Gender and Globalization: Female Labor and Women's Mobilization.” Journal of World-Systems Research 2 (Summer): 367–88.Google Scholar
Moghadam, Valentine M.. 2000. “Transnational Feminist Networks.” International Sociology 15 (1): 57–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moghadam, Valentine M.. 2005. Globalizing Women: Transnational Feminist Networks. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. 1997. “Women Workers and Capitalist Scripts: Ideologies of Domination, Common Interests, and the Politics of Solidarity.” In Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures, ed. Alexander, M. Jacqui and Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. New York: Routledge, 3–29.Google Scholar
Neumayer, Eric, and Soysa, Indra de. 2011. “Globalization and the Empowerment of Women: An Analysis of Spatial Dependence via Trade and Foreign Direct Investment.” World Development 39 (7): 1204–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orloff, Ann Shola. 1993. “Gender and the Social Rights of Citizenship: The Comparative Analysis of Gender Relations and Welfare States.” American Sociological Review 58 (3): 303–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palley, Marian Lief. 1990. “Women's Status in South Korea: Tradition and Change.” Asian Survey 30 (12): 1136–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paxton, Pamela, and Hughes, Melanie M.. 2007. Women, Politics, and Power: A Global Perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paxton, Pamela, Hughes, Melanie M., and Green, Jennifer L.. 2006. “The International Women's Movement and Women's Political Representation, 1893–2003.” American Sociological Review 71 (6): 898–920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paxton, Pamela, Kunovich, Sheri, and Hughes, Melanie M.. 2007. “Gender in Politics.” Annual Review of Sociology 33: 263–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, V. Spike, and Runyan, Anne Sisson. 1999. Global Gender Issues. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar
Poe, Steven C., Carey, Sabine C., and Vazquez, Tanya C.. 2001. “How Are These Pictures Different? A Quantitative Comparison of the US State Department and Amnesty International Human Rights Reports, 1976–1995.” Human Rights Quarterly 23 (3): 650–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pyle, Jean L. 1999. “Third World Women and Global Restructuring.” In Handbook of the Sociology of Gender, ed. Chafetz, Janet Saltzman. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 81–104.Google Scholar
Pyle, Jean L., and Ward, Kathryn B.. 2003. “Recasting Our Understanding of Gender and Work During Global Restructuring.” International Sociology 18 (3): 461–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia, and Skrondal, Anders. 2008. Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata.Google Scholar
Reynolds, Andrew. 1999. “Women in the Legislatures and Executives of the World – Knocking at the Highest Glass Ceiling.” World Politics 51 (4): 547–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, David L., and Gelleny, Ronald. 2007. “Women's Status and Economic Globalization.” International Studies Quarterly 51 (4): 855–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rozario, Santi. 2006. “The New Burqa in Bangladesh: Empowerment or Violation of Women's Rights?” Women's Studies International Forum 29 (4): 368–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, Diana E. H. 1982. Rape in Marriage. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Sadasivam, Bharati. 1997. “The Impact of Structural Adjustment on Women: A Governance and Human Rights Agenda.” Human Rights Quarterly 19 (3): 630–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salzinger, Leslie. 2004. “From Gender as Object to Gender as Verb: Rethinking How Global Restructuring Happens.” Critical Sociology 30 (1): 43–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sassen, Saskia. 1998. Globalization and Its Discontents. London: The New Press.Google Scholar
Seidman, Gay W. 1999. “Gendered Citizenship: South Africa's Democratic Transition and the Construction of a Gendered State.” Gender & Society 13 (3): 287–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shor, Boris, Bafumi, Joseph, Keele, Luke, and Park, David. 2007. “A Bayesian Multilevel Modeling Approach to Time-Series Cross-Sectional Data.” Political Analysis 15 (2): 165–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, Jesook. 2008. “The Making of ‘Undeserving’ Homeless Women: A Gendered Analysis of Homeless Policy in South Korea from 1997 to 2001.” Feminist Review 89 (1): 87–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sperling, Valerie, Ferree, Myra Marx, and Risman, Barbara. 2001. “Constructing Global Feminism: Transnational Advocacy Networks and Russian Women's Activism.” Signs 26 (4): 1155–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Standing, Guy. 1999. “Global Feminization through Flexible Labor: A Theme Revisited.” World Development 27 (3): 583–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swider, Sarah. 2006. “Working Women of the World Unite? Labor Organizing and Transnational Gender Solidarity Among Domestic Workers in Hong Kong.” In Global Feminism, ed. Ferree, Myra Marx and Tripp, Aili Mari. New York: New York University Press, 110–40.Google Scholar
Sutton, Barbara. 2010. Bodies in Crisis: Culture, Violence, and Women's Resistance in Neoliberal Argentina. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Talcott, Molly. 2003. “Gendered Webs of Development and Resistance: Women, Children, and Flowers in Bogotá.” Signs 29 (2): 465–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarrow, Sidney. 2005. The New Transnational Activism. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thayer, Millie. 2010. Making Transnational Feminism. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Thrupp, Lori Ann. 1997. “New Harvests, Old Problems: The Challenges Facing Latin America's Agro-Export Boom.” In Green Guerrillas: Environmental Conflicts and Initiatives in Latin America and the Carribean, ed. Collinson, Helen. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 122–31.Google Scholar
Tomz, Michael, Wittenberg, Jason, and King, Gary. 2003. “CLARIFY: Software for Interpreting and Presenting Statistical Results.” Version 2.1. Stanford University, University of Wisconsin, and Harvard University. January 5. http://gking.harvard.edu/ (Accessed April 1, 2012).Google Scholar
Tripp, Aili Mari. 2006. “Challenges in Transnational Feminist Mobilization.” In Global Feminism, ed. Ferree, Myra Marx and Tripp, Aili Mari. New York: New York University Press, 296–312.Google Scholar
True, Jacqui, and Mintrom, Michael. 2001. “Transnational Networks and Policy Diffusion: The Case of Gender Mainstreaming.” International Studies Quarterly 45 (1): 27–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viterna, Jocelyn, and Fallon, Kathleen M.. 2008. “Democratization, Women's Movements, and Gender-Equitable States: A Framework for Comparison.” American Sociological Review 73 (4): 668–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UNDP (UN Development Program). 2009. Human Development Report 2009. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Walby, Sylvia. 1994. “Is Citizenship Gendered?” Sociology 28 (2): 379–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walby, Sylvia. 2011. The Future of Feminism. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
West, Lois A. 1999. “The United Nations Women's Conferences and Feminist Politics.” In Gender Politics in Global Governance, ed. Meyer, Mary K. and Prügl, Elisabeth. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 177–96.Google Scholar
Williams, Richard. 2006. “Generalized Ordered Logit/Partial Proportional Odds Models for Ordinal Dependent Variables.” Stata Journal 6 (1): 58–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bank, World. 2010. World Development Indicators 2010. Washington, DC: World Bank.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yllo, Kersti, and Bograd, Michele. 1988. Feminist Perspectives on Wife Abuse. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Yoo, Eunhye. 2011. “International Human Rights Regime, Neoliberalism, and Women's Social Rights, 1984–2004.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 52 (6): 503–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yuval-Davis, Nira. 1997. “Women, Citizenship and Difference.” Feminist Review 57 (1): 4–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar