Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T10:45:15.018Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Dynamics of Voters’ Left/Right Identification: The Role of Economic and Cultural Attitudes*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2013

Catherine E. de Vries
Affiliation:
Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford
Armen Hakhverdian
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science, University of Amsterdam
Bram Lancee
Affiliation:
WZB Berlin Social Research Center

Abstract

The mobilization of culturally rooted issues has altered political competition throughout Western Europe. This article analyzes to what extent the mobilization of immigration issues has affected how people identify with politics. Specifically, it analyzes whether voters’ left/right self-identifications over the past 30 years increasingly correspond to cultural rather than economic attitudes. This study uses longitudinal data from the Netherlands between 1980 and 2006 to demonstrate that as time progresses, voters’ left/right self-placements are indeed more strongly determined by anti-immigrant attitudes than by attitudes towards redistribution. These findings show that the issue basis of left/right identification is dynamic in nature and responsive to changes in the political environment.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The European Political Science Association 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Catherine E. de Vries is Professor of European Politics and Fellow of Lincoln College, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford, Manor Road Building, Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UQ, United Kingdom ([email protected]). Armen Hakhverdian is Assistant Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 237, 1012 DL Amsterdam, the Netherlands ([email protected]). Bram Lancee is Humboldt Research Fellow, Migration, Integration, Transnationalization Research Unit, WZB Berlin Social Research Center, Reichpietschufer 50, D-10785, Berlin, Germany ([email protected]). The authors would like to thank Sergi Pardos-Prado and Marco Steenbergen as well as two anonymous reviewers of Political Science Research and Methods for excellent comments on previous versions of this paper. The usual disclaimers apply.

References

Adams, James, De Vries, Catherine E.Leitner, Debra. 2012. ‘Which Subconstituencies Reacted to Elite Polarization in the Netherlands? An Analysis of the Dutch Publics Policy Beliefs and Partisan Loyalities, 1986–1998’. British Journal of Political Science 42(1):81105.Google Scholar
Adams, James, Green, JaneMillazo, Caitlin. 2012. ‘Has the British Public Depolarized along with Political Elites? An American Perspective on British Public Opinion’. Comparative Political Studies 45(4):507530.Google Scholar
Bakker, Ryan, Jolly, SethPolk, Jonathan. 2012. ‘Complexity in the European Party Space: Exploring Dimensionality with Experts’. European Union Politics 13(2):219245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, J. 1993. Cultural Changes 1992. Rijswijk: SCP.Google Scholar
Becker, J., Janssen, B., Engelen, F.Wouters, B.. 2010. SCP Culturele Veranderingen 2008. Onderzoeksdocumentatie. Heerlen: SCP.Google Scholar
Betz, Hans-Georg. 1994. Radical Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Betz, Hans-GeorgImmerfall, Stefan. 1998. The New Politics of the Right. Neo-Populist Parties and Movements in Established Democracies. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Brambor, Thomas, Clark, William R.Golder, Matt. 2006. ‘Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses’. Political Analysis 14(1):6382.Google Scholar
Butler, DavidStokes, Donald. 1969. Political Change in Britain (1st edition ). London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Carmines, Edward G.Stimson, James A.. 1989. Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics. Ithaca: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Ceobanu, Alin M.Escandell, Xavier. 2010. ‘Comparative Analyses of Public Attitudes Toward Immigrants and Immigration Using Multinational Survey Data: A Review of Theories and Research’. Annual Review of Sociology 36(1):309328.Google Scholar
Chaiken, Shelly, Liberman, AkivaEagly, Alice H.. 1989. ‘Heuristic and Systematic Information Processing within and beyond the Persuasion Context’. In Unintended Thought, edited by James S. Uleman and John A. Bargh, 212252. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Coenders, Marcel. 1988. ‘Support for Ethnic Discrimination in the Netherlands 1979–1993: Effects of Period, Cohort, and Individual Characteristics’. European Sociological Review 14(4):405422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coenders, Marcel, Lubbers, Marcel, Scheepers, PeerVerkuyten, Maykel. 2008. ‘More than Two Decades of Changing Ethnic Attitudes in the Netherlands’. Journal of Social Issues 64(2):269285.Google Scholar
Delli Carpini, Michael X.Keeter, Scott. 1996. What Americans Know About Politics and Why It Matters. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
De Vries, Catherine E.Hobolt, Sara B.. 2012. ‘When Dimensions Collide: The Electoral Success of Issue Entrepreneurs’. European Union Politics 13(2):246268.Google Scholar
De Vries, Catherine E.Marks, Gary. 2012. ‘The Struggle over Dimensionality: A Note on Theory and Empirics’. European Union Politics 13(2):185193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Evans, Geoffrey, Heath, AnthonyLalljee, Mansur. 1996. ‘Measuring Left-Right and Libertarian-Authoritarian Values in the British Electorate’. The British Journal of Sociology 47(1):93112.Google Scholar
Feldman, StanleyConover, Pamela J.. 1983. ‘Candidates, Issues and Voters: The Role of Inference in Political Perception’. Journal of Politics 45(4):810839.Google Scholar
Flanagan, Scott C. 1987. ‘Value Change in Industrial Societies’. American Political Science Review 81(4):13031318.Google Scholar
Fiske, Susan T.Taylor, Shelley E.. 1984. Social Cognition. Reading: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Freire, Andre. 2006. ‘Bringing Social Identities Back In: The Social Anchors of Left–Right Orientation in Western Europe’. International Political Science Review 27:359378.Google Scholar
Freire, Andre. 2008. ‘Party Polarization and Citizens’ Left-Right Orientations’. Party Politics 14(2):189209.Google Scholar
Fuchs, DieterKlingemann, Hans-Dieter. 1990. The Left–Right Schema. In Continuities in Political Action, edited by M. Kent Jennings and Jan Van Deth, J., 203234. Berlin: deGruyter.Google Scholar
Hinich, Melvin J.Munger, Michael C.. 1993. ‘Political Ideology, Communication, and Community’. In Political Economy: Institutions, Competition, and Representation, edited by William A. Barnett, Melvin J. Hinich, and Norman J. Schofield, 2550. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hooghe, Liesbet, Marks, GaryWilson, Carole J.. 2002. ‘Does Left/Right Structure Party Positions on European Integration’. Comparative Political Studies 35(8):965989.Google Scholar
Huber, John. 1989. ‘Values and Partisanship in Left–Right Orientations: Measuring Ideology’. European Journal of Political Research 17:599621.Google Scholar
Inglehart, Ronald. 1977. The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Inglehart, RonaldKlingemann, Hans-Dieter. 1976. ‘Party Identification, Ideological Preference and the Left–Right Dimension Among Western Mass Publics’. In Party Identification and Beyond: Representations of Voting and Party Competition, edited by Ian Budge, Ivar Crewe, and Dennis J. Farlie, 243276. London: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Kitschelt, Herbert. 1989. The Logics of Party Formation: Structure and Strategy of Belgian and West German Ecology Parties. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Kitschelt, Herbert. 1994. The Transformation of European Social Democracy. Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar
Kitschelt, HerbertHellemans, Staf. 1990. ‘The Left-Right Semantics and New Politics Cleavage’. Comparative Political Studies 23(2):210238.Google Scholar
Knutsen, Oddbjorn. 1995. ‘Value Orientations, Political Conflicts and Left–Right Identification: A Comparative Study’. European Journal of Political Research 28:6393.Google Scholar
Knutsen, Oddbjorn. 1997. ‘The Partisan and the Value-Based Components of Left–Right Self-Placement: A Comparative Study’. International Political Science Review 18:191225.Google Scholar
Knutsen, Oddbjorn. 1998. ‘The Strength of the Partisan Component of Left-Right Identity: A Comparative Longitudinal Study of Left-Right Party Polarization in Eight West European Countries’. Party Politics 4(1):531.Google Scholar
Kriesi, Hanspeter, Grande, Edgar, Lachat, Romain, Dolezal, Martin, Bornschier, SimonFrey, Timetheos. 2006. ‘Globalization and the Transformation of the National Political Space: Six European Countries Compared’. European Journal of Political Research 45(6):921956.Google Scholar
Kriesi, Hanspeter, Grande, Edgar, Lachat, Romain, Dolezal, Martin, Bornschier, SimonFrey, Timetheos. 2008. West European Politics in the Age of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kroh, Martin. 2007. ‘Measuring Left-Right Political Orientation: The Choice of Response Format’. Public Opinion Quarterly 71:204220.Google Scholar
Lachat, Romain. 2008. ‘The Impact of Party Polarization on Ideological Voting’. Electoral Studies 27:687698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lancee, Bram, Gesthuizen, Maurice, van de Werfhorst., Herman 2011. Educational Differences in Preferences for Redistribution: A Trend Analysis in the Netherlands (1975–2008). Paper presented at the RC28 Summer Meeting, Iowa, 9–12 August.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour M.Rokkan, Stein. 1967. ‘Cleavage Structures, Party Systems and Voter Alignments: An Introduction’. In Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross National Perspectives, edited by Seymour M. Lipset and Stein Rokkan, 164. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Lubbers, Marcel, Gijsberts, MeroveScheepers, Peer. 2002. ‘Extreme Right-wing Voting in Western Europe’. European Journal of Political Research 41(3):345378.Google Scholar
Mair, Peter. 2007. ‘Left-Right Orientations’. In The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, edited by Russel J. Dalton and Hans-Dieter. Klingemann, 206222. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Meguid, Bonnie. 2005. ‘Competition between Unequals: The Role of Mainstream Party Strategy and Niche Party Success’. American Political Science Review 99(3):347360.Google Scholar
Norris, Pippa. 2005. Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pardos-Prado, Sergi. 2011. ‘Framing Attitudes Towards Immigrants in Europe: When Competition Does not Matter’. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 37(7):9991015.Google Scholar
Pellikaan, Huib, Van der Meer, Tomde Lange, Sarah. 2003. ‘The Road From a Depolarized to a Centrifugal Democracy’. Acta Politica 38:2348.Google Scholar
Pellikaan, Huib, Van der Meer, Tomde Lange, Sarah. 2007. ‘Fortuyn's Legacy: Party System Change in The Netherlands’. Comparative European Politics 5:282302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popkin, Samuel L. 1991. The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ray, Leonard. 2003. ‘When Parties Matter: The Conditional Influence of Party Positions on Voter Opinion about European Integration’. Journal of Politics 65:978994.Google Scholar
Riker, William H. 1982. Liberalism against Populism: A Confrontation Between the Theory of Democracy and the Theory of Social Choice. Long Grove: Waveland Press.Google Scholar
Schattschneider, Elmer E. 1960. The Semi-Sovereign People: A Realist's View Democracy in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Simon, Herbert A. 1985. ‘Human Nature in Politics: The Dialogue of Psychology with Political Science’. American Political Science Review 79:293305.Google Scholar
Singer, Matthew M. 2011. ‘Who Says “It's the Economy”? Cross-National and Cross-Individual Variation in the Salience of Economic Performance’. Comparative Political Studies 44(3):284312.Google Scholar
Steenbergen, Marco R., Edwards, Erica E.de Vries, Catherine E.. 2007. ‘Who is Cueing Whom? Mass-Elite Linkages and the Future of European Integration’. European Union Politics 8(1):1335.Google Scholar
Stimson, James A., Thiébaut, CyrilleTiberj, Vincent. 2012. ‘The Evolution of Policy Attitudes in France’. European Union Politics 13(2):293316.Google Scholar
Van der Brug, Woutervan Spanje, Joost. 2009. ‘Immigration, Europe and the ‘New’ Cultural Cleavage’. European Journal of Political Research 48:308334.Google Scholar
Van der Eijk, Cees, Schmitt, HermannBinder, Tanja. 2005. ‘Left–right Orientations and Party Choice’. In The European Voter. A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies, edited by Jacques Thomassen, 167191. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Van der Meer, Tom, Te Grotenhuis, ManfredPelzer, Ben. 2010. ‘Influential Cases in Multilevel Modeling’. American Sociological Review 75:173178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Meer, Tom, Lubbe, Rozemarijn, Van Elsas, Erika, Elff, Martinvan der Brug, Wouter. 2012. ‘Bounded Volatility in the Dutch Electoral Battlefield: A Panel Study on the Structure of Changing Vote Intentions in the Netherlands during 2006–2010’. Acta Politica 47:333355.Google Scholar
Van der Pas, Daphne, De Vries, Catherine E.van der Brug, Wouter. 2013. ‘A Leader Without a Party: Exploring the Relationship Between Geert Wilders’ Leadership Performance in the Media and His Electoral Success’. Party Politics 19(3):458476.Google Scholar
Zaller, John. 1992. The Nature and Origin of Mass Opinion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar