Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T11:21:35.986Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Minority Languages in Dictatorships: A New Measure of Group Recognition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2016

Amy H. Liu ,
Jennifer Gandhi  and
Curtis Bell
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

What explains minority language recognition in dictatorships? In this paper, we argue that minority language groups in authoritarian regimes are more likely to have their languages recognized when their interests are represented by a party in the legislature. Moreover, the level of recognition is greater. We test this argument using original group-level and time-variant measures of minority party in legislature and minority language policies for all Asian dictatorships from 1980 to 2000. The results are robust even when we shift the analysis to the country level globally and account for possible spurious correlations.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Political Science Research and Methods , Volume 6 , Issue 4 , October 2018 , pp. 639 - 660
Copyright
© The European Political Science Association 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Amy Liu is an Assistant Professor, Department of Government, University of Texas at Austin ([email protected]). Jennifer Gandhi is Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Emory University ([email protected]). Curtis Bell is Research Associate, One Earth Future Foundation ([email protected]).

References

Acemoglu, Daron A., and Robinson, James. 2005. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Albaugh, Ericka A. 2014. ‘The Colonial Image Reversed: Language Preferences and Policy Outcomes in African Education’. International Studies Quarterly 53:389–420.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism Revised and Extended Edition. New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Banks, Arthur S. 2011. Political Handbook of the World. New York: CQ Press.Google Scholar
Bell, Curtis. 2011. ‘Buying Support and Buying Time: The Effect of Regime Consolidation on Public Goods Provision’. International Studies Quarterly 55(3):625–646.Google Scholar
Brown, David. 2009. ‘Ethnic and Nationalist Politics in Southeast Asia’. In M. Beeson (ed.), Contemporary Southeast Asia, 143–156. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Brown, Michael E., and Ganguly, Šumit. 2003. ‘Introduction’. In Michael E. Brown and Šumit Ganguly (eds), Fighting Words: Language Policy and Ethnic Relations in Asia, 1–18. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Chandra, Kanchan. 2004. Why Ethnic Parties Succeed: Patronage and Ethnic Head Counts in India. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Conrad, Courtenay. 2011. ‘Constrained Concessions: Dictatorial Responses to Domestic Political Opposition’. International Studies Quarterly 55:1167–1187.Google Scholar
Dayley, Robert, and Neher, Clark D.. 2010. Southeast Asia in the New International Era. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Esteban, Joan, and Ray, Debraj. 2008. ‘Polarization, Fractionalization, and Conflict’. Journal of Peace Research 45(2):163–182.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua A. 1989. Language and Ethnicity in Minority Sociolinguistic Perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Gandhi, Jennifer. 2008. Political Institutions Under Dictatorship. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ganguly, Šumit. 2003. ‘The Politics of Language Policies in Malaysia and Singapore’. In Michael E. Brown and Šumit Ganguly (eds), Fighting Words, 239–262. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Geddes, Andrew. 2003. The Politics of Migration and Immigration in Europe. London: Sage Publications Ltd.Google Scholar
Geddes, Barbara. 1999. ‘What Do We Know About Democratization After Twenty Years?’. Annual Review of Political Science 2:115–144.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford. 1994. ‘Primordial and Civic Ties’. In J. Hutchinson and A. D. Smith (eds), Nationalism, 29–33. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gurr, Ted R. 1971. Why Men Rebel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gurr, Ted R. 2000. Peoples Versus States: Minorities at Risk in the New Century. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar
Heston, Alan, Robert Summers, and Aten, Bettina. 2012. Penn World Table Version 7.1. Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income, and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Horowitz, David. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Jensen, Nathan, and Wantchekon, Leonard. 2004. ‘Resource Wealth and Political Regimes in Africa’. Comparative Political Studies 37(7):816–841.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis. 1996. The Rise of Christian Democracy in Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Kim, Wonik, and Gandhi, Jennifer. 2010. ‘Coopting Workers Under Dictatorship’. Journal of Politics 72(3):646–658.Google Scholar
Laitin, David D. 1988. ‘Language Games’. Comparative Politics 20(3):289–302.Google Scholar
Leclerc, Jacques. 2014. ‘L’aménagement linguistique dans le monde’. Available at http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/ axl/, accessed August 2014.Google Scholar
Lewis, Paul, Simons, Gary F., and Fenning, Charles D.. 2014. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Dallas, TX: SIL International.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour M. 1959. ‘Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy’. American Political Science Review 53(1):69–105.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour M., and Rokkan, Stein. 1967. Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Liu, Amy H. 2011. ‘The Linguistic Effects of Political Institutions’. Journal of Politics 73:125–139.Google Scholar
Lust-Okar, Ellen. 2005. Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and Institutions. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Malesky, Edmund, and Schuler, Paul. 2010. ‘Nodding or Needling: Analyzing Delegate Responsiveness in an Authoritarian Parliament’. American Political Science Review 104(3):482–502.Google Scholar
Minority at Risk Project. 2009. Minorities at Risk Dataset. College Park, MD: Center for International Development and Conflict Management. Available at http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/, accessed on August 2010.Google Scholar
Østby, Gudrun. 2008. ‘Polarization, Horizontal Inequalities, and Violent Civil Conflict’. Journal of Peace Research 45(2):145–162.Google Scholar
Ostler, Nicholas. 2006. Empires of the Word. New York: Harper Perennial.Google Scholar
Pepinsky, Thomas. 2014. ‘The Institutional Turn in Comparative Authoritarianism’. British Journal of Political Science 44(3):631–653.Google Scholar
Pool, Jonathan. 1991. ‘The Official Language Problem’. American Political Science Review 85(2):495–514.Google Scholar
Posner, Daniel. 2005. Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael E., Cheibub, Jose A., and Limongi, Fernando. 2000. Democracy and Development. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Reuter, Ora J., and Remington, Thomas. 2009. ‘Dominant Party Regimes and the Commitment Problem: The Case of United Russia’. Comparative Political Studies 42(4):501–526.Google Scholar
Saunders, Graham. 2002. A History of Brunei. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Smith, Benjamin B. 2004. ‘Oil Wealth and Regime Survival in the Developing World, 1960–1999’. American Journal of Political Science 48(2):232–246.Google Scholar
Smith, Benjamin B. 2005. ‘Life of the Party: The Origins of Regime Breakdown and Persistence Under Single-Party Rule’. World Politics 57(3):421–451.Google Scholar
Svolik, Milan. 2012. The Politics of Authoritarian Rule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tarling, Nicholas. 2004. Nationalism in Southeast Asia. London: Routledge Curzon.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 1975. ‘Reflections on the History of European State-Making’. In C. Tilly and G. Ardant (eds), The Formation of National States in Western Europe, 601–638. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Verba, Sidney. 1965. ‘Political Culture’. In L. W. Pye and Sidney Verba (eds), Political Culture and Political Development, 3–26. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Widner, Jennifer. 1994. Economic Change and Political Liberalization in Sub-Saharan Africa. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, Steven. 2004. Votes and Violence: Electoral Competition and Ethnic Riots in India. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wintrobe, Ronald. 1998. The Political Economy of Dictatorship. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Woolridge, Jeffrey M. 2003. ‘Cluster-Sample Methods in Applied Econometrics’. The American Economic Review 93:133–138.Google Scholar
Wright, Joseph. 2008. ‘Do Authoritarian Institutions Constrain? How Legislatures Affect Economic Growth and Investment’. American Journal of Political Science 52(2):322–343.Google Scholar