Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T17:23:47.844Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Oil spill, August 1944: the CULA expedition and the North Slope Inupiat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2014

Robert A. Perkins*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 755900, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-5900, USA ([email protected])

Abstract

An oil spill that occurred on 21 August 1944 near the Inupiat village of Barrow on Alaska's North Slope provides the focus for a brief history of activity in the face of extreme conditions and the evolving relationship of US Navy personnel and Inupiat natives of the region. The emotional recollections of an Inupiat elder are contrasted with the growing respect of the navy personnel for the Inupiat. The economic and social effects of oil explorations towards the end of World War II and the early post-war years are briefly discussed. These events form a part of the socio-economic background of current and proposed arctic oil development.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anon. (Anonymous). 1945. United States Naval Reserve, N.C.B.D. 1058, first Arctic oil expedition United States. Navy. Construction battalion detachment no. 1058. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Rasmussen Library, Alaska Collection, call number D769.552 1058th.A533 1945 ALASKA.Google Scholar
Brooks, F.R. 2000. Operation frostbite: the Cula II expedition–part one. HighBeam Research URL: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-60622327.html. (accessed December 2012)Google Scholar
Brower, C.D. 1994. Fifty years below zero: a lifetime of adventure in the far north. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press.Google Scholar
Brower, T. 1980. Quote. In: Qiniqtuagaksrat Utuqqanaat Inuuniagninisiqun [The traditional land use inventory for the Mid-Beaufort Sea], Vol. I. Barrow: North Slope Borough Commission on History and Culture: 107–108.Google Scholar
Fingas, M. 2004. Weather windows for oil spill countermeasures. A report for Prince William Sound Regional Citizens’ Advisory Council, Anchorage: Environmental Technology Centre.Google Scholar
Jenness, D. 1962. Eskimo administration: I. Alaska. Fairbanks, AK: Arctic Institute of North America (Technical Paper 10).Google Scholar
Kelley, J.J. and Brower, A.. 2001. NARL's transition to community. In: Norton, D. (editor). Fifty more years below zero. Calgary and Fairbanks: 259264.Google Scholar
Kiley, F.M. 1944. CULA expedition. Anchorage: Alaska Resources Library & Information Services.Google Scholar
MacGinitie, G.E. 1955. Distribution and ecology of the marine invertebrates of Point Barrow, Alaska. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institute Miscellaneous Collections: 128 (9).Google Scholar
NARA (National Archives Records Administration). 1944a. Log Book of the USS Spica (AK116): 1 August 1944 to 31 August 1944. College Park, MD: National Archives Records Administration.Google Scholar
NARA (National Archives Records Administration), 1944b. Armed guard unit, Jonathan Harrington. Report of voyage, 15 September 1944. College Park, MD: National Archives Records Administration.Google Scholar
NAS (National Archives Seattle). Nd. Logbook of the merchant vessels (1910–1978), SS Jonathan Harrington. U.S. Coast Guard, 13th district. [paid off 19 September 1944 for 1944 voyage and 20 September 1945 for 1945 voyage] Seattle: WA: National Archives.Google Scholar
NSB. (North Slope Botough). 2009. Comprehensive annual financial report of the North Slope Borough, Alaska, 1 July – 30 June 2009: 85.Google Scholar
NPS (National Park Service) n.d. National Park Service. Liberty ships and Victory ships, America's lifeline in war. URL: http://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/116liberty_victory_ships/116facts1.htm.Google Scholar
Reed, J. C. 1958. Exploration of naval petroleum reserve 4 and adjacent areas northern Alaska, 1944–53, Part 1, History of the exploration. Washington: US Government Printing Office (Geological Survey Professional Paper 301).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schindler, J. 2001. Naval petroleum reserve 4 and the beginnings of the Arctic Research Laboratory (ARL). In: Norton, D. (editor): Fifty more years below zero. Calgary, Fairbanks: Arctic Institute of North America. 2932.Google Scholar
Short, A.D., Coleman, J.M. and Wright, L.D.. 1974. Beach dynamics and nearshore morphology of the Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska. Fairbanks, AK: Arctic Institute of North America (Proceedings of a symposium on Beaufort Sea Coast and Shelf Research, 1974, Arctic Institute of North America).Google Scholar