Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T05:41:55.575Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The impact of the Grenfell Mission on southeastern Labrador communities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

John C. Kennedy
John C. Kennedy
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7 Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries British medical missionary Wilfred Grenfell created a mission in northern Newfoundland and Labrador, now part of eastern Canada. The Grenfell Mission's approach to health, educational, agricultural and industrial development are described and its impact on the southeastern Labrador region is examined. The mission changed the region's settlement pattern and economy by creating centralized mission communities: however, its failure to generate sustained economic alternatives to fishing and trapping inadvertently paved the way for the economic dependency still characteristic of the region. The Grenfell case confirms the need for viable development scenarios and for meaningful local participation in community development.

Type
Articles
Information
Polar Record , Volume 24 , Issue 150 , July 1988 , pp. 199 - 206
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Among the Deep Sea Fishers 1920. Battle Harbour, 1920. Among the Deep Sea Fishers 10: 111–14.Google Scholar
Ballantyne, R. M. 1859. Ungava: a tale of Esquimaux-Land. Boston, Phillips, Sampson and Co.Google Scholar
Berton, P. 1978. The adventures of Wilfred Grenfell. In: Berton, P.The wild frontier. Toronto, McClelland and Stewart.Google Scholar
Breton, Y. 1973. A comparative study of work groups in an eastern Canadian peasant fishing community: bilateral kinship and adaptive process. Ethnology 12(4): 393–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browne, P. W. 1909. Where the fishers go: the story of Labrador. New York, Cochrane Publishing.Google Scholar
Browne, W. J. 1943–1947. Sixteen notes for a history of agriculture in Newfoundland. Newfoundland Quarterly.Google Scholar
Census of Newfoundland 1876. Abstract Census and return of population etc. of Newfoundland 1874.Google Scholar
Dohme, D. 1921. Letter to Dr Grenfell. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 07: 59–60.Google Scholar
Durgin, G. F. 1908. Letters from Labrador. Concord, NH, Rumford Printing.Google Scholar
Dyke, A. P. 1969. Community inventory of coastal Labrador. St John's, Department of Labrador Affairs.Google Scholar
Feild, E. 1849. A visit to Labrador. London, Society for the Propagation of the Gospel.Google Scholar
Forsyth, C. H. 1937. St Mary's River in 1936. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 01: 175–79.Google Scholar
Gilmour, M. T. 1931. St Mary's River. Among the Deep Sea Fishers 01 175–79.Google Scholar
Gordon, H. 1972. The Labrador parson. St John's,, Provincial Archives.Google Scholar
Grenfell, W.T. 1902. Labrador jottings. Toilers of the Sea: 119.Google Scholar
Grenfell, W.T. 1905. The Deep Sea Mission. DrGrenfell's lectures on his Labrador labors. Evening Telegram, 12 12.Google Scholar
Grenfell, W.T. 1913. The people of the coast. In Grenfell, W.T. and others. Labrador: the country and the people. New York, Macmillan.Google Scholar
Grenfell, W.T. 1920. A Labrador doctor. London, Hodder and Stoughton.Google Scholar
Grenfell, W.T. 1921. The nursing stations: St Lewis Bay, Labrador. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 07: 58–59.Google Scholar
Grenfell, W. T. 1923. Northern neighbors. New York, Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Grenfell, W.T. 1932. Forty years for Labrador. New York, Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Grenfell, W. T. 1934. The romance of Labrador. New York, Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hosmer, H. R. 1941. At St Mary's River. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 04: 9–10.Google Scholar
Houghton, F. L. 1966. The Strathcona Line. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 07: 34–37.Google Scholar
Job, R. B. 1943. Centenary of the death of Dr William Carson. Newfoundland Quarterly, Spring: 23–25.Google Scholar
Jones, A. 1921. Two experiments at Battle Harbour. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 01: 161–62.Google Scholar
Kerr, J. L. 1959. Wilfred Grenfell: his life and work. New York, Dodd, Mead.Google Scholar
Kleivan, H. 1966. The Eskimos of northeast Labrador. Oslo, Norsk Polarinstitutt.Google Scholar
Kober, C.J. 1979. Wilfred Grenfell (1865–1940):portrait of a medical missionary and his work in Newfoundland and Labrador. PhD thesis, Albert- Ludwigs-Universitat, Freiburg.Google Scholar
MacGregor, W. 1909. Reports of official visits to Labrador, 1905 and 1908. St John's, Newfoundland, Journal of House of Assembly.Google Scholar
McNeill, H.W. 1956. The Jessie Goldthwait diary. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 04: 19.Google Scholar
Moore, T. 1980. Wilfred Grenfell. Don Mills, Ont., Fitzhenry and Whiteside.Google Scholar
Paddon, H. L. 1925. People and things and the future of Labrador. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 07: 70–72.Google Scholar
Paddon, H. L. 1929. Vale, Indian harbour. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 07: 108–10.Google Scholar
Paddon, H. L. 1933. Change without decay and the darkest hour. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 07: 68–72.Google Scholar
Paddon, W. A. 1981. The forgotten years—1912–1945. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 07: 6–12.Google Scholar
Porter, V. R. 1975. Dr Wilfred Grenfell and the founding of the Grenfell Mission, 1892–1914. BA Honours thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's.Google Scholar
Sayre, F. B. 1960. The Grenfell work—fifty years ago and now. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 01: 101–04.Google Scholar
Sears, F. C. 1929. The agricultural possibilities in Labrador. Among the Deep Sea Fishers, 01: 144–47.Google Scholar
Smallwood, J. R. (editor). 1981. Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, Vol 1. St John's, Newfoundland Book Publishers.Google Scholar
Smallwood, J. R. (editor). 1984. Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, Vol 2. St John's, Newfoundland Book Publishers.Google Scholar
Southard, F. E. 1982. Salt cod and God: an ethnography of socio-economic conditions affecting status in a southern Labrador community. MA thesis, Department of Anthropology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's.Google Scholar
Stearns, W. A. 1884. Labrador: a sketch of its people, its industries and its natural history. Boston, Lee and Shepard.Google Scholar
Stipe, C. E. 1980. Anthropologists versus missionaries: the influence of presuppositions. Current Anthropology, 21(2): 165–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, G. W. 1987. From sled to satellite. Toronto, Irwin Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Trompf, G. 1984. Missiology and anthropology: a viable relationship? Oceania, 15(2): 148–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, H. C. 1896. The last cruise of the Miranda. London, Transatlantic Publishing.Google Scholar
Whiteman, D. L. 1983. Melanesians and missionaries. Pasadena, CA, William Carey Library.Google Scholar
Wolf, E. R. 1966. Peasants. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar