Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T14:55:21.006Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Antarctic visitor behaviour: are guidelines enough?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

Pamela B. Davis
Affiliation:
Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1ER

Abstract

The general pattern of Antarctic tourism is well known and can be described in terms of numbers of visitors, landing sites, and general activities. However, little is known about the visitors, their behaviour, and other user characteristics. This information is vital for planning effective visitor-management strategies. This article presents and discusses some results from a 1993/94 questionnaire conducted aboard three IAATO member ships and focuses on how visitors rated the behaviour of themselves and others vis-à-vis the IAATO voluntary visitor guidelines. It also identifies how sex, age, educational level, and ship affect guideline violation or adherence. Additionally, passenger responses to hypothetical violations are discussed, which may help to explain why violations occur. This paper stresses not how many violations occur, but why they occur, providing a new insight for future visitor management.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barnes, J.I. 1992. Economic aspects of tourism in national parks and game reserves: the case of Botswana. Norwich: Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment, University of East Anglia and University College London (CSERGE Working Paper GEC 92–21).Google Scholar
Boyd, I.L., Arnbom, T.A., and Fedak, M.A.. 1994. Biomass and energy consumption of the South Georgia population of southern elephant seals. In: Le Bouef, B.J., and Laws, R.M. (editors). Elephants seals: population ecology, behaviour and physiology. Berkeley: University of California Press: 98117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cessford, G.R., and Dingwall, P.R.. 1994. Tourism on New Zealand's sub-Antarctic islands. Annals of Tourism Research 21 (2): 318332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cruwys, E., and Davis, P.B.. 1994. Southern elephant seal numbers during the moult on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. Polar Record 30 (175): 313314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enzenbacher, D. 1992. Tourists in Antarctica: number and trends. Polar Record 28 (164): 1722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enzenbacher, D. 1993. Antarctic tourism: 1991/92 season activity. Polar Record 29 (170): 240242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enzenbacher, D. 1994. Antarctic tourism: an overview of 1992/93 season activity, recent developments, and emerging issues. Polar Record 30 (173): 105116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graefe, A., Kuss, R.F., and Vaske, J.J.. 1990. Visitor impact management: Volume II. Washington, DC: National Parks and Conservation Association.Google Scholar
Hall, C.M. 1993. Ecotourism in Antarctica and adjacent sub-Antarctic islands: development, impacts, management and prospects for the future. Tourism Management 14(2): 117122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Headland, R.K. 1994. Historical development of Antarctic tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 21 (2): 269280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooper, S. 1991. Orkney survey results: final report. Sandy: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.Google Scholar
Kellert, S.R. 1980. American attitudes toward and knowledge of animals: an update. International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems 1 (2): 87119.Google Scholar
Knight, R.L., and Cole, D.N.. 1991. Effects of recreational activity on wildlife in wildlands. Transactions of the 56th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 238247.Google Scholar
Knopf, R.C. 1987. Human behavior, cognition and affect in the natural environment. In: Stokols, D., and Altman, J. (editors). Handbook of environmental psychology. New York: John Wiley and Sons: 783825.Google Scholar
Lucas, R.C. 1990. Wilderness use and users: trends and projections. In: Hendee, J.C., Stankey, G.H., and Lucas, R.C. (editors). Wilderness management. 2nd edition. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing: 355387.Google Scholar
National Science Foundation. 1994. Sixth Antarctic Tour Operators Meeting: agenda/handouts. Unpublished document prepared by NSF from information supplied by Antarctic tour operators. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.Google Scholar
New Zealand. Department of Conservation. 1992. New Zealand's sub-Antarctic islands: 1992/93 Tourism season fee and entry permit conditions. Invercargill, NZ: Department of Conservation.Google Scholar
Reich, R. 1980. The development of Antarctic tourism. Polar Record 20 (126): 203214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Splettstoesser, J., and Folks, M.C.. 1994. Environmental guidelines for tourism in Antarctica. Annals of Tourism Research 21 (2): 231244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stonehouse, B. 1992. IAATO: an association of Antarctic tour operators. Polar Record 28 (167): 322324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuan, Y.-F. 1974. Topophila: a study of environmental perception, attitudes, and values. Englewood, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Watson, A.E., Williams, D.R., Roggenbuck, J.W., and Daigle, J.J.. 1992. Visitor characteristics and preferences for three national forest wildemesses in the south. Ogden, UT: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station (Research Paper INT-455).Google Scholar