Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T08:44:21.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Occurrence and effects of open water in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, during winter and early spring

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

B. Stonehouse
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

McMurdo Sound is well known as an area comparatively free from fast ice during the middle and late summer. Although closed to its discoverer in February 1841 by contrary winds, pack ice and new ice (Ross, 1847), the sound provided easy access to high latitudes in January and February on at least ten occasions between 1902 and 1916. Since 1955, icebreakers have assisted shipping movements in November and December, and possibly helped in dispersing the winter fast ice by cutting wide channels from Cape Bird southward. However, northerly swells and south-easterly gales are sufficient in most years to disperse fast ice from the southern end of the sound by mid or late February (Heine, 1963).

Type
Articles
Information
Polar Record , Volume 13 , Issue 87 , September 1967 , pp. 775 - 778
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Budd, G. M. 1961. The biotopes of Emperor Penguin rookeries. Emu, Vol 61, No 2, p 171–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heine, A. J. 1963. Ice breakout around the southern end of Ross Island, Antarctica. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol 6, No 3, p 395–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joyce, E. J. 1929. The south polar trail. London, Duckworth, p 48 and 195.Google Scholar
Ross, J. C. 1847. A voyage of discovery and research in the southern and antarctic regions, London, Murray, p 245.Google Scholar
Scott, R. F. 1905. The voyage of the “Discovery”. London, Smith, Elder and Co, p 308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shackleton, E. H. 1909. The heart of the Antarctic. London, Heinemann, p 84 and 375.Google Scholar
Sladen, W. J. L. 1958. The Pygoscelid penguins, Pt 1. Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey Scientific Reports, No 17, p 1–97.Google Scholar
Stonehouse, B. 1953. The Emperor Penguin, Pt 1. Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey Scientific Reports No 6, p 1–33.Google Scholar
Stonehouse, B. 1964 a. Emperor Penguins at Cape Crozier. Nature, Vol 203, No 4947, p 849–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stonehouse, B. 1964 b. Bird life. In: Antarctic Research: a review of British scientific achievement in Antarctica. Priestley, R. E., Adie, R. J. and Robin, G. de Q. Eds. London, Butterworth, p 229.Google Scholar
Stonehouse, B. 1966. Emperor Penguin colony at Beaufort Island, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Nature, Vol 210, No 5039, p 925–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, R. H. 1962. The Adéiie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) at Cape Royds. Ibis, Vol 104, No 2, p 176–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
US Navy. 1956. Hydrographic Office Report on Operation Deep Freeze I, p 66. (TR 33. Washington, DC).Google Scholar
US Navy. 1957. Operation Deep Freeze II, 1956–1957. Oceanographic survey results, p. 40. (TR 29. Washington, DC.)Google Scholar
Young, E. C. 1963. Feeding habits of the South Polar skua. Ibis, Vol 105, No 3, p 301–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar