Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T02:45:42.486Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The FRAM expeditions: Arctic Ocean studies from floating ice, 1979–82

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

Leonard Johnson
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In May 1982, with the successful conclusion of FRAM IV, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) completed the FRAM series of observations from ice floe stations in the eastern Arctic (Fig 1)—expeditions initiated each spring from 1979 to 1982. The programme developed from an unsuccessful attempt by the Arctic Programme of the ONR to duplicate Fridtjof Nansen's drift of the FRAM across the Arctic. This was to have involved freezing the icebreaker USCGC Burton Island in the pack ice of the Laptev Sea, but the programme was cancelled due to lack of support. Arctic scientists meeting at the Third Symposium on Antarctic Geology and Geophysics at Madison, Wisconsin, decided on an alternative programme involving ice floe stations. Named FRAM in honour of Nansen's vessel (Hunkins and others 1979a; Kristoffersen 1979), this was eventually organized by the Arctic Programme of ONR to provide basic environmental data from the eastern Arctic north of Greenland. From its inception FRAM emphasized multi-disciplinary research by scientists of several nations. The stations were under US management, with logistics coordinated by the Polar Research Center, University of Washington, under ONR contract. Danish scientists were involved through the Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland, Norwegians through the Norsk Polarinstitutt, British scientists through the Scott Polar Research Institute, and Canadians through the Bedford Institute of Oceanography. Each expedition emphasized a particular scientific discipline with supporting programmes: below are listed the dates, major studies (priority discipline first), chief scientists and key data reports of each.

Type
Articles
Information
Polar Record , Volume 21 , Issue 135 , September 1983 , pp. 583 - 589
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, B.and others. 1980. Observations of position, ocean depths and gravity taken from the FRAM II and Camp I drifting ice stations. New York, Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. (Technical report 13, CU-13–1–80.)Google Scholar
Baggeroer, A. and Dyer, I. 1982. FRAM II in the eastern Arctic Ocean. EOS. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 63 (14): 217–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duckworth, G. A.and other. 1982. Crustal structure measurements near FRAM II in the Polar Abyssal Plain. Tectonophysics, 89 (1–3): 173–216.Google Scholar
Hunkins, K. L.and others. 1979a. The FRAM I expedition. EOS. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 60 (52): 1043–44.Google Scholar
Hunkins, K. L.and others. 1979b. Observations of position, ocean depth, ice rotation, magnetic declination and gravity taken at the FRAM I drifting station. New York, Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. (Technical report 1, CU–1–79.)Google Scholar
Hunkins, K. L. and Manley, T. O. 1980. Oceanographic measurements at the FRAM I ice station. (Abstract.) EOS. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 61 (17): 278.Google Scholar
Hunkins, K. L.and others. 1981. Geophysical data from drifting ice station FRAM III. New York, Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. (Technical report 3, CU-3-81.)Google Scholar
Jackson, H. R.and others. 1982. Crustal structure near the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87: 1773–83.Google Scholar
Jackson, H. R.and others, in press. The Yermak Plateau: hot spot adjacent to a continental margin. Journal of Geophysical Research.Google Scholar
Just, J. 1980a. Abyssal and deep bathyal Malacostraca (Crustacea) from the polar sea. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 142: 161–77.Google Scholar
Just, J. 1980b. Polar sea abyssal and deep bathyal Isopoda (Crustacea). Steenstrupia, 6: 197–230.Google Scholar
Kristoffersen, Y. 1979. Isdriftstasjonen From I. Ekspedisjonsrapport. Oslo, Norsk Polarinstitutt.Google Scholar
Kristoffersen, Y. 1980. Monitoring of microearthquake activity on the Nansen Ridge from Ice Station Fram I in the Arctic Ocean. EOS. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 61 (17): 276.Google Scholar
Kristoffersen, Y. 1982. The Nansen Ridge, Arctic Ocean: some geophysical observations of the rift valley at slow spreading rate. Tectonophysics, 89 (1–3): 161–172.Google Scholar
Larsen, T.and others. 1983. Satellite radio-tracking of Polar Bears between Svalbard and Greenland. Report of fifth meeting of the Bear Biology Association, 1980. Madison, Bear Biology Association.Google Scholar
Manley, T. O.and others. 1982a. The FRAM III Expedition. EOS. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 63 (35): 627–36.Google Scholar
Manley, T. O.and others. 1982b. Field tests of the Ocean Data equipment portable high resolution CSTD in the Arctic Ocean during the FRAM experiments. International STD Workshop, 1982. La Jolla, Marine Technology Society.Google Scholar
Moore, S. C. and Wadhams, P. 1980. Recent developments in strainmeter design. In: Allan, A. J. and Bazeley, D. P., eds. Proceedings of a workshop on sea ice field measurement, Si John's, Newfoundland, April 29-May 1 1980. St. John's, Memorial University of Newfoundland. (C-Core Publication 80–21: 97–125.)Google Scholar
Norden Andersen, O. G. 1981. Redescription of Marrus orthocanna (Kramp, 1942), Cnidaria, Siphonophora. Steenstrupia, 7: 293–307.Google Scholar
Norden Andersen, O. G. in press, a. Ice and plankton primary production in the polar basin off north-east Greenland from 4 April to 7 May 1979. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter.Google Scholar
Norden Andersen, O. G. 1982 in press, b. Vertical distribution of zooplankton in the upper 100 m on the polar basin off north-east Greenland from 29 March to 7 May 1979. Norsk Polarinstiiutt Skrifter.Google Scholar
Ostlund, H. G. 1982. The residence time of the freshwater component in the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87: 2035–43.Google Scholar
Packard, T. T. and Codispoti, L. A. 1982. Respiratory enzyme activity and associated biochemical properties of the water column below the Arctic pack ice. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 63: 47.Google Scholar
Rahn, K. A. 1981. The Mn/V ratio as a tracer of large-scale sources of pollution aerosol for the Arctic. Atmospheric Environment, 15: 1457–64.Google Scholar
Reid, I. and Jackson, H. R. 1981. Oceanic spreading rate and crustal thickness. Marine Geophysical Research, 5: 165–72.Google Scholar
Robin, G. de Q. 1982. Curtain up on polar research. New Scientist, 95 (1323): 756–61.Google Scholar
Sater, J. E. ed. 1968. Arctic drifting stations. Calgary, Arctic Institute of North America.Google Scholar
Smirnov, V. N. 1972. Kolebaniya ledyanogo pokrova, obuslovlennyye vnutrennimi volnami ledovitogo okeana [Fluctuations of the pack ice as a result of waves within the Arctic Ocean]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR Doklady, 206 (5): 1106–08.Google Scholar
Tiemann, W.and others 1983. Geophysical data from drifting ice stations FRAM IV and Trislen. New York, Columbia University, University, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. (Technical Report LDGO–82–3.)Google Scholar
Untersteiner, N. 1980. AIDJEX review. In: Pritchard, R. S. ed. Sea ice processes and models. Seattle, University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Williams, R. J. 1981. Backscattering of low frequency sound from the topographic features of the Arctic Ocean basin. (Unpublished MS Thesis, Department of Ocean Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.)Google Scholar