Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T09:11:40.197Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The differences in cellulolytic activity of the Arctic soils of Calypsostranda, Spitsbergen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2013

Marcin Świtoniak ,
Jerzy Melke  and
Piotr Bartmiński
Marcin Świtoniak
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science and Land Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Lwowska 1, Poland
Jerzy Melke
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science and Protection, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Kraśnicka 2cd, Poland ([email protected])
Piotr Bartmiński
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science and Protection, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Kraśnicka 2cd, Poland ([email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the differences in cellulolytic activity of soils around the coastal lowlands of the southwestern part of Wedel Jarlsberg Land (west Spitsbergen). Two positions (Calypso and Skilvika) representing typical soil types in this area were chosen for investigation. Within the area of Calypso, arctic brown soils formed from loamy sands with a significant addition of coarser gravel and pebble fractions occur. The Skilvika position represents the arctic gley soils of a loamy texture, with significant content of silt, associated with the occurrence of cell grounds created under the strong influence of cryogenic processes. Cellulolytic activity of the soils was determined by a gravimetric method involving estimation of a weight loss of cellulosic material buried in the surface soil horizons. The investigation showed significant differences in the cellulose decomposition rate between the two research locations. The cellulolytic activity of arctic brown soils –0,412–0,656 g*g−1*year−1 during the vegetation season (Olson's k = 0,231–0,563), was twice higher than the activity in the case of Skilvika gley soils –0,185–0,310g*g−1*year−1 during vegetation season (k = 0,089–0,131). This should be attributed, among other factors, to the grain size distribution, thereby determining more favourable water-air conditions of soils within the area of Calypso.

Type
Research Article
Information
Polar Record , Volume 50 , Issue 2 , April 2014 , pp. 199 - 208
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andreyashkina, N.I. and Peshkova, N.V.. 2001. On assessing decomposition rates of plant debris and standard cellulose samples in tundra communities. Russian Journal of Ecology 32 (1): 52–55.Google Scholar
Anisimov, O.A and Nelson, F.E.. 1996. Permafrost distribution in the northern hemisphere under scenarios of climatic change. Global and Planetary Change 14: 59–72.Google Scholar
Anisimov, O.A., Shiklomanov, N.I. and Nelson, F.E.. 1997. Global warming and active-layer thickness: results from transient general circulation models. Global and Planetary Change 15: 61–77.Google Scholar
Bieńkowski, P. 1990a. Cellulose decomposition as bioenergetics indicator of soil degradation. Polish Ecological Studies 16 (3–4): 235–244.Google Scholar
Bieńkowski, P. 1990b. The rate of cellulose decomposition in soils of Spitsbergen tundra. Polish Polar Research 11 (1–2): 39–45.Google Scholar
Borysiak, J. and Ratyńska, H.. 2004. State of research on Spitsbergen flora with particular emphasis on areas of Bellsund, Hornsund and Kaffiøyra [in Polish]. In: Kostrzewski, A., Pulina, M., and Zwoliński, Z.. (editors). Glaciology, geomorphology and sedimentology of Spitsbergen Arctic environment [in Polish]. Sosnowiec, Poznań, Longyearbyen: The Association of Polish Geomorphologists, Sosnowiec-Poznań-Longyearbyen: 248–260.Google Scholar
Carnevale, N.J. and Lewis, J.P.. 2001. Litterfall and organic matter decomposition in a seasonal forest of the eastern Chaco (Argentina). Revista De Biologia Tropical 49 (1): 203–212.Google Scholar
Chapman, W.L. and Walsh, J.E.. 1993. Recent variations of sea ice and air temperature in high latitudes. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 74: 33–47.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drewnik, M. 1996. Humus and rate of organic matter decomposition in selected soils of Bieszczady National Park [in Polish]. Roczniki Bieszczadzkie [Bieszczady Annals] 5: 175–185.Google Scholar
Drewnik, M. 2006. The effect of environmental conditions on the decomposition rate of cellulose in mountain soils. Geoderma 132: 116–130.Google Scholar
Epstein, H.E., Walker, M.D., Chapin, F.S. and Starfield, A.M.. 2000. A transient, nutrient–based model of arctic plant community response to climate warming. Ecological Applications 10: 824–841.Google Scholar
Fisher, Z., Niewinna, M. and Yasulbutaeva, I.. 2006. Intensity of organic matter decomposition in various landscapes of Caucasus (Daghestan). Polish Journal of Ecology 54, 1: 105–116.Google Scholar
Forster, J.C. 1996. Soil nitrogen. In: Alef, K. and P. Nannipieri. (editors). Methods in applied soil microbiology and biochemistry. London, San Diego: Academic Press: 79–87.Google Scholar
Gorham, E. 1991. Northern peatlands: role in the carbon cycle and probable responses to climatic warming. Ecological Applications 1 (2): 182–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grimshaw, H.M. 1987. The determination of total phosphorus in soils by acid digestion. In: Rowland, A.P. (editor). Chemical analysis in environmental research. Abbots Ripton: NERC/ITE: 92–95.Google Scholar
Holding, A.J. 1981. The microflora of tundra. In: Bliss, L.C., Heal, O.W. and Moore, J.J.. (editors). Tundra ecosystems: a comparative study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 561–585.Google Scholar
IUSS–FAO Working Group WRB. 2007. World reference base for soil resources 2006. Rome: FAO (World soil resources reports, 103. Electronic update 2007).Google Scholar
Klimowicz, Z., Melke, J., Uziak, S. and Chodorowski, J.. 1999. Soil cover of the south Bellsund embankment, western Spitsbergen [in Polish]. Annales Universitatis Maria Curie–Skłodowska 54 (10): 185–200.Google Scholar
Klimowicz, Z., Melke, J., Uziak, S. and Chodorowski, J.. 2008. The soils of the north–western part of Wedel Jarlsberg Land, in relation to Spitsgergen environment [in Polish]. Lublin: UMCS.Google Scholar
Landvik, J.Y., Bondevik, S., Elverhoi, A., Fjeldskaar, W., Mangerud, J., Salvigsen, O., Siegert, M.J., Svendsen, J.I. and Vorren, T.O.. 1998. The last glacial maximum of Svalbard and the Barents Sea area: ice sheet extent and configuration. Quaternary Science Reviews 17: 43–75.Google Scholar
Lindner, L., Marks, L., Roszczynko, W. and Emil, J.. 1991. Age of raised marine beaches of northern Hornsund Region, south Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research 12 (2): 161–182.Google Scholar
Lindsay, R.W. and Zhang, J.. 2005. The thinning of Arctic sea ice, 1988–2003: have we passed a tipping point? Journal of Climate 18: 4879–4894.Google Scholar
Lityński, T., Jurkowska, H. and Gorlach, E.. 1976. Chemical–agricultural analysis [in Polish]. Warsaw: PWN.Google Scholar
Luo, Y. and Zhou, X.. 2006. Soil respiration and the environment. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Maxwell, B. 1997. Recent climate patterns in the Arctic. In: Oechel, W.C., Callaghan, T., Gilmanov, T., Holten, J.I., Maxwell, B., Molau, U. and Sveinbjörnsson, B. (editors). Global change and arctic terrestrial ecosystems. New York: Springer–Verlag: 21–46.Google Scholar
McGuire, A.D., Melillo, J.M., Kicklighter, D.W. and Joyce, L.A.. 1995. Equilibrium responses of soil carbon to climate change: empirical and process–based estimates. Journal of Biogeography 22: 785–796.Google Scholar
Melke, J. and Uziak, S.. 1989. Dynamics of moisture, redox potential and oxygen diffusion rate of some soils from Calypsostranda, Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research 10 (1): 91–104.Google Scholar
Montagnini, F. and Jordan, C.F.. 2005. Tropical forest ecology. The basis for conservation and management. Berlin, New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Niewinna, M. 2009. A comparison of selected methods for the estimation of organic matter decomposition rate. Polish Journal of Soil Science 42 (2): 183–192.Google Scholar
Olson, J.S. 1963. Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems. Ecology 44 (2): 322–331.Google Scholar
Overpeck, J., Hughen, K., Hardy, D., Bradley, R., Case, R., Douglas, M., Finney, B., Gajewski, K., Jacoby, G., Jennigs, A., Lamoureux, S., Lasca, A., MacDonald, G., Moore, J., Retelle, M., Smith, S., Wolfe, A. and Zieliński, G.. 1997. Arctic environmental change over the last four centuries. Science 278: 1251–1256.Google Scholar
Petersen, R.G. and Calvin, L.D.. 1996. Sampling. In: Sparks, D.L., Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A. and Loeppert, R.H. (editors). Methods of soil analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods. Madison: Soil Science Society of America: 1–18.Google Scholar
Pękala, K. and Repelewska–Pękalowa, J.. 1990. Relief and stratigraphy of Quaternary deposits in the region of Recherche Fjord and southern Bellsund (western Spitsbergen). In: Pękala, K. and Repelewska–Pękalowa, J. (editors). Spitsbergen geographical expeditions [in Polish]. Lublin: UMCS: 9–20.Google Scholar
Post, W.M., Emanuel, W.R., Zinke, P.J. and Stangerberger, A.G.. 1982. Soil carbon pools and world life zones. Nature 289: 156–159.Google Scholar
Rosswall, T. 1974. Cellulose decomposition studies in the tundra. In: Holdings, A.J. (editor). Soil organisms and decomposition in tundra. Stockholm: Tundra Biome Steering Committee: 325–340.Google Scholar
Russel, S., Górska, E.B. and Wyczółkowski, A.I.. 2005. The enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of cellulose [in Polish]. Acta Agrophysica, Dissertations and Monographs 3: 27–36.Google Scholar
Rzętkowska, A. 1987. Vegetation of Calypsostranda in Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research 8 (3): 251–260.Google Scholar
Salvigsen, O., Elgersma, A. and Landvik, J.Y.. 1991. Radiocarbon dated raised beaches in northwestern Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. In: Pękala, K. and Repelewska–Pękalowa, J. (editors). Spitsbergen geographical expeditions [in Polish]. Lublin: UMCS: 9–16.Google Scholar
Schlesinger, W.H. 1977. Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus. Annual Reviews Ecological Systems 8: 51–81.Google Scholar
Serreze, M.C., Walsh, J.E., Chapin, F.S., Osterkamp, T., Dyergerov, M., Romanovsky, V., Oechel, W.C., Morison, J., Zhang, T. and Barry, R.G.. 2000. Observational evidence of recent change in the northern high latitude environment. Climatic Change 46: 159–207.Google Scholar
Serreze, M.C., Maslanik, J.A., Scambos, T.A., Fetterer, F., Stroeve, J., Knowles, K., Fowler, C., Drobot, S., Barry, R.G. and Haran, T.M.. 2003. A record minimum arctic sea ice extent and area in 2002. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (3), 1110. doi:10.1029/2002GL016406.Google Scholar
Simankova, M.V., Kotsyurbenko, O.R., Steckebrandt, E., Kostirikina, N.A., Lysenko, A.M., Osipow, G.A. and Nozhevnikova, A.N.. 2000. Acetobakterium tundra sp. nov., a new psychrophilic acetogenic bacterium from tundra soil. Archives of Microbiology 174: 440–447.Google Scholar
Szczęsny, R., Dzierżek, J., Harasimiuk, M., Nitychoruk, J., Pękala, K. and Repelewska–Pękalowa, J.. 1989. Photogeological map of the Renardbreen, Scottbreen and Blomlibreen forefield (Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen, scale 1:10 000). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Geologiczne.Google Scholar
Święs, F. 1988. Geobotanical differentiation of tundra on the south coast of Bellsund, western Spitsbergen [in Polish]. In: Pękala, K. and Repelewska–Pękalowa, J. (editors). Spitsbergen geographical expeditions [in Polish]. Lublin: UMCS: 215–228.Google Scholar
Thomas, G.W. 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. In: Sparks, D.L., Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A. and Loeppert, R.H. (editors). Methods of soil analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods. Madison: Soil Science Society of America: 475–490.Google Scholar
Tynan, C.T. and DeMaster, D.P.. 1997. Observations and predictions of Arctic climatic change: potential effects on marine mammals. Arctic 50 (4): 308–322.Google Scholar
Zagórski, P. 2002. Development of littoral relief of the north–western part of Wedel Jarlsberg Land (Spitsbergen). Unpublished PhD dissertation. Lublin: University of Maria Curie–Sklodowska, Department of Geomorphology.Google Scholar