^{Note 1 in page 326} For a description of this ms. see Ward's Catalogue of Romances in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum. London, 1883–93; vol. i, p. 374. In the transcript the usual contractions were resolved.

^{Note 1 in page 327} Published at Halle, 1854.

^{Note 2 in page 327} Histoire Littéraire de la France, xxx, pp. 245 f.

^{Note 3 in page 327} Edited by Wendelin Förster, Halle, 1877.

^{Note 1 in page 328} Catalogue of Romances, i, p. 375.

^{Note 2 in page 328} I have consulted for this purpose The History of Wales, by B. B. Woodward, London, 1859,—also those of the early Welsh Chronicles which were accessible to me, viz. the Annales Cambriae and Brut y Tywysogion.

^{Note 3 in page 328} Edition of Geoffrey of Monmouth, p. 293,—also in his Arthur = Sage (Quedlinburg and Leipzig, 1842), p. 36.

^{Note 1 in page 329} W. F. Skene's Four Ancient Books of Wales (Edinburgh, 1868), i, p. 386.

^{Note 2 in page 329} Cp. the editions of these works by the Rev. John Williams ab Ithel in the Rolls Series, both published at London in 1860.

The entries in the Annales Cambriae are as follows: (1) Under the year 798 “Caratauc rex Guenedote apud Saxones jugulatur.” (2) Under 1035 “Caradauc filius Rederch ab Anglis occisus est.” (3) Under 1079 “Bellum montis Cam, in qua Caradarn filius Caradoci et Caraduc filius Gorvini et Goethi filius Ruallan a Reso filio Teudur et a Grifino filio Conani occisus est.” The corresponding passages in the Brut y Tywysogion, with slight variations of date for the last two instances, will be found in English translation on pp. 9, 39 and 51 respectively of Williams' edition.

^{Note 3 in page 329} See Annales Cambriae under the year 1055 for the death of Grifud, son of Riderch.

^{Note 4 in page 329} Perceval le Gallois on le Conte du Graal publié d'après les manuscrits originaux par Ch. Potvin (Mons, 1866–71), vol. iii, pp. 117 ff.

^{Note 1 in page 330} For these variant forms of the name see Potvin's edition of the Perceval, l. 15415, l. 15351, and vol. iii, p. 207, note respectively.

^{Note 2 in page 330} See J. Loth's Les Mabinogion, ii, p. 260.

^{Note 3 in page 330} Cp. the Huth-Merlin (ed. G. Paris and J. Ulrich for the Société des Anciens Textes François, Paris, 1886), i, pp. 201 f., where their marriage is related,—also Roman de Merlin (ed. O. Sommer, London, 1894), p. 177, and Malory's Morte Darthur (ed. O. Sommer, London, 1889–91), i, pp. 89, 123, 126, 140.

^{Note 4 in page 330} To consider these different names:

1. Orwen occurs twice in Kulhwch and Olwen (s. The Mabinogion, etc., edited by Rhys and Evans, Oxford, 1887, pp. 123, 142). It is the name of the queen of Ethelbert in the Latin version of the Havelock-story which Prof. Skeat quotes from the fourteenth century Eulogium Historiarum in his edition of Havelok for the Early English Text Society, London, 1868, Preface, p. xvii. So also Orewayn in the Lambeth fragment of Havelok (Skeat's Preface, p. xii) and Orwain, Orewain, Orewen in the Old French versions of the Havelock-story. (For passages see Index to Geffrei Gaimar's L'Estorie des Engles, edited by Hardy and Martin for the Rolls Series, London, 1888–89.) This name was already recognized as Welsh by Ward in his discussion of the Havelock-legend (Catalogue of Romances, i, p. 432). Lady Charlotte Guest, in her translation of the Mabinogion (2nd edition, London, 1877), p. 257, reproduces the name Orwen as it appears in the Welsh text, whereas in J. Loth's translation of the same passage (Les Mabinogion, i, p. 282) we find Gorwenn. Dr. F. N. Robinson of Harvard kindly informs me that the latter is correct, the forms of the Welsh text without g being explained by the regular loss of initial g in certain situations in Welsh.

2. Morwen was doubtless in use in Wales, although I do not know of any occurrence of the name in a specifically Welsh document. I find it, however, as the name of the saint of Morwenstow in the northeast angle of Cornwall. S. Morwenna, Dictionary of Christian Biography (London, 1882), ii, p. 948.

3. Duneuuallus is no doubt another Latinization of Welsh Dumnagual or Dyvnwal (see Loth. Les Mabinogion, ii, pp. 365, 366) which appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth (Book II, Chap. 17) as Dunvallo.

4. Sadocus does not occur, as far as I am aware, as a Welsh name. The name Sadoc, without the termination -us, does occur in the genealogy of Christ in the Gospel of St. Matthew, i, 14: “Azor autem genuit Sadoc. Sadoc autem genuit Achim.” Nevertheless, I think we are more likely to have here the corruption of a genuine Welsh name, such as Cadawe (Cadoc) (s. Loth, Les Mabinogion, ii, p. 262, note,—also in Latinized form Cadocus, Zs. f. franz. Sprache und Literatur, xiv, p. 179, and under Cadoc in Dictionary of Christian Biography).

5. Moroveus is a variant form of Meroveus and is taken like other names in this romance, as we shall see later on, from Frankish history. It is not recorded among the long list of variants of Meroveus in the Index to the Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum (Monumenta Germaniae Historica), Hannover, 1888; s. Tomus, ii, p. 545. Nevertheless, in the genealogy of the French kings, which occurs in John Capgrave's Liber de Illustribus Henricis (edited by the Rev. F. C. Hingeston for the Rolls Series, London, 1858), pp. 148 f., we have “Moroveus .... a quo reges Franciae etiam ad tempus Morovingi vocabantur. Moroveus genuit Childericum.”

6. Griffinus and Ivorius being simply Latinizations of the well-known Welsh names, Griffith and Ivor, do not call for comment.

7. Dolfin, as the name of a dog, is unknown to me save in this text. . Passing to names of places: 1. I have been unable to identify the Silva Fleuentana (p. 349). 2. The Scilleas fauces (p. 356) is simply a reminiscence, no doubt, of the classical Scylla and Charybdis. 3. Arglud (p. 347), the name of the wood in which the children are reared, means “on (or opposite) the Clyde.” The variant form of this name, Alclud, is used throughout Geoffrey of Monmouth (cp. Book II, Ch. 7, el passim) as the name of a town in the North. Only later, then, is it applied to the wood (s. E. Phillimore in Y Cymmrodor, xi, p. 75, note). The author of the romance evidently places this forest near the court of the King of Wales, which involves a singular geographical confusion.

^{Note 1 in page 332} This episode, as far as is known, was invented by Shakespeare. Cp. A. W. Ward's History of English Dramatic Literature (new edition, London, 1899), ii, p. 190.

^{Note 1 in page 333} Percy regards this ballad as based on an old play, Two Lamentable Tragedies, etc., by Rob. Yarrington, 1601, and the play in its turn as based probably on some Italian novel. Fleay seems to show (Biographical Chronicle of the English Drama, ii, pp. 285 f.) that Yarrington is a fictitious name and that Chettle is the real author of the play. He throws no light, however, on the source.

^{Note 2 in page 333} For analyses of the various versions see H. A. Todd, Publications of the Modern Language Association of America for 1889, La Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne, Introduction, pp. ii ff.—also G. Paris in Romania, xix, 314 ff.

^{Note 1 in page 334} Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, xiii, pp. 412 ff.

^{Note 1 in page 335} The most characteristic features of the episode, viz., that the vanquished knight becomes a follower of his successful adversary and receives back from Arthur all that he has lost by his defeat, are found in the second part of Golagros and Gawane (last edited by F. J. Amours for the Scottish Text Society in Scottish Alliterative Poems, Edinburgh and London, 1897), stanzas 92–105. The Scotch poet drew his materials from the Conte du Graal, II. 18209 ff. (ed. Potvin). Similar also is the Galeron episode of the Awntyrs off Arthure in the same volume as Golagros and Gawane.

^{Note 1 in page 336} I have not been able to identify the place-name Ueredario (abl.), p. 378, nor Saguncius (p. 368), which is the name of a person.

^{Note 2 in page 336} My attention was first called to this passage by the Preface to Förster's edition of Chrétien's Lancelot (Der Karrenritter), Halle, 1899, pp. xlix ff. It is there quoted in full.

^{Note 1 in page 338} See on this subject my edition of the De Ortu Waluuanii (pp. 386 f.).

^{Note 1 in page 339} Just as in the case of the De Ortu Waluuanii the ms. of the present romance exhibits numerous omissions (s. pp. 356, 379, et passim), to say nothing of errors, which make it certain that it is not the original ms. of the author.

^{Note 2 in page 339} I confess that I do not understand the meaning of this R. Probably it was the initial of the author or scribe.

^{Note 1 in page 340} ms. adibire.

^{Note 1 in page 341} ms. periclitare.

^{Note 1 in page 343} ms. fructicum.

^{Note 2 in page 343} ms. repperitur.

^{Note 1 in page 344} ms. set.

^{Note 2 in page 344} ms. repperisse.

^{Note 1 in page 345} ms. reculimus.

^{Note 2 in page 345} ms. puellamque.

^{Note 1 in page 347} ms. nunccupatur.

^{Note 2 in page 347} ms. conciueret.

^{Note 1 in page 348} ms. illicemque.

^{Note 1 in page 349} ms. capnd.

^{Note 2 in page 349} ms. furororem.

^{Note 3 in page 349} ms. nunccupata.

^{Note 4 in page 349} ms. conuerse.

^{Note 1 in page 350} ms. set.

^{Note 2 in page 350} ms. filius.

^{Note 3 in page 350} Latinization of Greek .

^{Note 1 in page 351} ms. incomparibilem.

^{Note 1 in page 352} ms. nanccissci.

^{Note 2 in page 352} ms. has tetendit after boream.

^{Note 3 in page 352} ms. set.

^{Note 1 in page 353} ms. Set.

^{Note 2 in page 353} ms. in normis.

^{Note 3 in page 353} ms. set.

^{Note 1 in page 354} ms. hillares.

^{Note 1 in page 355} ms. uscisceretur.

^{Note 2 in page 355} ms. supplectili.

^{Note 1 in page 356} ms. molliebantur.

^{Note 2 in page 356} There is no break in the ms. here but evidently some words are wanting.

^{Note 3 in page 356} ms. contigesset.

^{Note 1 in page 357} ms. probet.

^{Note 1 in page 358} ms. pretulisset exanime.

^{Note 1 in page 359} ms. excepti.

^{Note 2 in page 359} ms. Intollerabili.

^{Note 3 in page 359} ms. pudores.

^{Note 1 in page 360} ms. nanccisci.

^{Note 2 in page 360} ms. inuallitudinem.

^{Note 1 in page 361} ms. hanelus.

^{Note 2 in page 361} Here in the ms. followed the words: Ambiebat autem ipsum Nigrum Saltum moderaciori, etc.—contendit, a confusion of the preceding and following sentences. The scribe, however, later on observed the mistake and marked the words vacat.

^{Note 3 in page 361} que here, as occasionally elsewhere in this text, means also.

^{Note 4 in page 361} ms. capud.

^{Note 1 in page 362} ms. procellis.

^{Note 2 in page 362} ms. tale.

^{Note 3 in page 362} ms. Merodiaci.

^{Note 1 in page 363} ms. turi concessa.

^{Note 2 in page 363} ms. adoloscente.

^{Note 1 in page 364} ms. quorumlibet.

^{Note 1 in page 365} ms. reculimus.

^{Note 2 in page 365} ms. fundeo.

^{Note 3 in page 365} ms. exanimi.

^{Note 4 in page 365} ms. multi.

^{Note 1 in page 366} ms. incolumus.

^{Note 1 in page 367} ms. hanelo.

^{Note 2 in page 367} ms. acscito.

^{Note 3 in page 367} ms. repperiebatur.

^{Note 4 in page 367} ms. transsitum.

^{Note 5 in page 367} ms. suppellectilum.

^{Note 1 in page 368} ms. quo.

^{Note 1 in page 369} ms. terrioribus.

^{Note 1 in page 370} ms. Vigeles.

^{Note 2 in page 370} ms. lucessit.

^{Note 3 in page 370} ms. ad.

^{Note 4 in page 370} ms. inquid.

^{Note 1 in page 371} ms. alicui.

^{Note 2 in page 371} ms. pirgis.

^{Note 1 in page 373} ms. editas.

^{Note 2 in page 373} ms. recenturi.

^{Note 3 in page 373} ms. cellarum.

^{Note 1 in page 374} ms. inquid.

^{Note 2 in page 374} ms. fuerimus.

^{Note 3 in page 374} ms. conuiuias.

^{Note 4 in page 374} ms. repertinum.

^{Note 5 in page 374} ms. quos.

^{Note 6 in page 374} ms. comitatum.

^{Note 7 in page 375} ms. ferre.

^{Note 1 in page 375} In the ms. we have se after quercus.

^{Note 2 in page 375} ms. contulerant.

^{Note 3 in page 375} ms. commitantibus.

^{Note 4 in page 375} ms. predictam.

^{Note 1 in page 376} ms. capud.

^{Note 2 in page 376} ms. detinent.

^{Note 3 in page 376} ms. prorssus.

^{Note 4 in page 376} ms. timpora.

^{Note 1 in page 377} ms. audiens.

^{Note 2 in page 377} ms. lanccemque.

^{Note 3 in page 377} ms. repperit.

^{Note 4 in page 377} ms. lanctem.

^{Note 5 in page 377} ms. lancte.

^{Note 6 in page 377} ms. commedere.

^{Note 7 in page 377} ms. illorum.

^{Note 1 in page 378} ms. autem.

^{Note 2 in page 378} ms. repperit.

^{Note 3 in page 378} ms. set.

^{Note 1 in page 379} No break in ms. but some words seem to have been lost in this passage.

^{Note 2 in page 379} ms. redditum.

^{Note 3 in page 379} qua quo uersus.

^{Note 1 in page 380} ms. haut.

^{Note 2 in page 380} ms. accriter.

^{Note 3 in page 380} ms. excuciunt.

^{Note 4 in page 380} After septingenti the ms. has dec.

^{Note 5 in page 380} ms. infestari.

^{Note 1 in page 381} ms. Pocius.

^{Note 2 in page 381} ms. erripere.

^{Note 3 in page 381} ms. meiliori.

^{Note 4 in page 381} Some words apparently lost here, although there is no break in the ms.

^{Note 1 in page 382} ms. uicinio.

^{Note 1 in page 383} ms. cui aces.

^{Note 2 in page 383} ms. pacifice.

^{Note 3 in page 383} ms. ventum.

^{Note 4 in page 383} ms. prefectus.

^{Note 5 in page 383} ms. repcionem.

^{Note 6 in page 383} ms. hospicio.

^{Note 7 in page 383} ms. loouti fuerit.

^{Note 8 in page 383} ms. respondere.

^{Note 1 in page 384} ms. timpora.

^{Note 2 in page 384} ms. apparuit.

^{Note 3 in page 384} ms. facionoris.

^{Note 1 in page 385} ms. velud.

^{Note 2 in page 385} ms. Set.

^{Note 1 in page 386} ms. nunccupata.

^{Note 2 in page 386} ms. deffluit.

^{Note 3 in page 386} ms. nunccupatur.

^{Note 4 in page 386} Although there is no break in the ms. some words seem to have been omitted here.

^{Note 5 in page 386} ms. compliuit.

^{Note 6 in page 386} Probably a numeral has been omitted before pedes.

^{Note 1 in page 387} A numeral is needed here.

^{Note 2 in page 387} ms. eggregiorem.

^{Note 3 in page 387} ms. incurrens.

^{Note 4 in page 387} ms. arrabicum.

^{Note 1 in page 388} ms. repperiens.

^{Note 2 in page 388} ms. emartuit.

^{Note 3 in page 388} ms. ultorem dum.

^{Note 1 in page 389} ms. exissteret.

^{Note 2 in page 389} In the ms. Meriadocum by mistake is put after autem in this sentence.

^{Note 3 in page 389} ms. acclammantes.

^{Note 1 in page 390} ms. mangnisque.

^{Note 1 in page 391} ms. propriiis.

^{Note 2 in page 391} ms. acclammancium.

^{Note 3 in page 391} ms. commitabantur.

^{Note 4 in page 391} ms. conspicium.

^{Note 1 in page 392} ms. repperisse.

^{Note 2 in page 392} ms. Uniuersum.

^{Note 3 in page 392} ms. communicacio.

^{Note 1 in page 393} ms. strennuum.

^{Note 2 in page 393} ms. promissus.

^{Note 1 in page 394} ms. reliquid.

^{Note 2 in page 394} ms. artem.

^{Note 3 in page 394} ms. merrore.

^{Note 1 in page 395} ms. coggregat.

^{Note 2 in page 395} ms. prefati.

^{Note 1 in page 396} ms. reliquid.

^{Note 2 in page 396} Something seems to have been omitted here.

^{Note 1 in page 397} ms. inquid.

^{Note 2 in page 397} ms. decentos.

^{Note 3 in page 397} These bracketed numbers refer to the corresponding pages of the Latin text.

^{Note 1 in page 401} The ms. strangely has socer in two places, viz., pp. 357, 366.