Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T14:13:20.262Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Standing on the Burning Deck: Poetry, Performance, History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Abstract

This paper considers the significance of the memorized poem in Victorian schools across the English social spectrum. I use Felicia Hemans's culturally ubiquitous “Casabianca” as a lens to examine the processes by which compulsory recitation forged short-term and long-term bodily relations between individuals and measured language. I argue that the denigration of regular poetic form prominent in the twentieth century's rejection of works like Hemans's poem is an inevitable, if disavowed, response to their institutional histories in the lowest-status echelons of the educational system. The fragmented survival of “Casabianca” in English popular consciousness today is the last remaining trace of its pedagogical past, of a time when the iamb connected to the heartbeat in a manner that we no longer appreciate and cannot feel.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Adamson, John William. English Education, 1789-1902. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1930.Google Scholar
Armstrong, Isobel. Victorian Poetry: Poetry, Poetics and Politics. London: Routledge, 1993.Google Scholar
Arnold, Matthew. Reports on Elementary Schools, 1852-1882. London: Macmillan, 1889.Google Scholar
Arnold, Matthew. Schools and Universities on the Continent. Ed. Super, R. H. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1964.Google Scholar
Bishop, Elizabeth. “Casabianca.” North and South. Boston: Houghton, 1946. 6.Google Scholar
Brodhead, Richard H.Sparing the Rod: Discipline and Fiction in Antebellum America.” Representations 21 (1988): 6796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnett, John. Destiny Obscure: Autobiographies of Childhood, Education and Family from the 1820s to the 1920s. London: Lane, 1982.Google Scholar
Burrell, Arthur. Recitation: A Handbook for Teachers in Public Elementary Schools. London: Griffin, 1891.Google Scholar
Clarke, Norma. Ambitious Heights: Writing, Friendship, Love—The Jewsbury Sisters, Felicia Hemans and Jane Welsh Carlyle. London: Routledge, 1990.Google Scholar
Curran, Stuart. “Romantic Poetry: The ‘I’ Altered.” Romanticism and Feminism. Ed. Anne, K. Mellor. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1988. 185207.Google Scholar
Ellis, Alec. Educating Our Masters: Influences on the Growth of Literacy in Victorian Working-Class Children. London: Gower, 1985.Google Scholar
Fussell, Paul. Poetic Meter and Poetic Form. New York: Random, 1965.Google Scholar
Gibson, Ian. The English Vice: Beating, Sex and Shame in Victorian England and After. London: Duckworth, 1978.Google Scholar
Goldstrom, J. M. Education: Elementary Education, 1780-1900. Newton Abbott: David and Charles, 1972.Google Scholar
Gordon, Peter, and Lawton, Denis. Curriculum Change in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. London: Hodder, 1978.Google Scholar
Guillory, John. Cultural Capital: The Problem of Literary Canon Formation. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hemans, Felicia. “Casabianca.” Lyra Heroica: A Book of Verse for Boys. Ed. William Ernest Henley. London: Nutt, 1892. 175–77.Google Scholar
Hurt, John. Education in Evolution: Church, State, Society and Popular Education, 1800-1870. London: Paladin, 1972.Google Scholar
Irish University Press Series of British Parliamentary Papers: Education: General. Shannon: Irish UP, 1969-70. 46 vols.Google Scholar
Jameson, Fredric. The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1981.Google Scholar
Kelly, Gary, ed. Selected Poems, Prose and Letters. By Felicia Hemans. Toronto: Broadview, 2002.Google Scholar
Lootens, Tricia. “Hemans and Home: Victorianism, Feminine ‘Internal Enemies,‘ and the Domestication of National Identity.” PMLA 109 (1994): 238–53.Google Scholar
Lynch, Thomas. “Iambs for the Day of Burial.” Still Life in Milford: Poems. New York: Norton, 1998. 122.Google Scholar
McGann, Jerome. The Poetics of Sensibility: A Revolution in Literary Style. Oxford: Clarendon, 1996.Google Scholar
McGeorge, Colin. “Death and Violence in Some Victorian Reading Books.” Children's Literature in Education 29 (1998): 109–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michael, Ian. The Teaching of English: From the Sixteenth Century to 1870. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, D. A.Discipline in Different Voices.” The Novel and the Police. Berkeley: U of California P, 1988. 58106.Google Scholar
“Recitation: Why It Should Be Taught, and How.” Teachers' Aid 29 Jan. 1887: 419–20.Google Scholar
Ross, Marlon. The Contours of Masculine Desire: Romanticism and the Rise of Women's Poetry. New York: Oxford UP, 1989.Google Scholar
Rubin, Joan. “‘Listen, My Children’: Modes and Functions of Poetry Reading in American Schools, 1800-1950.” Moral Problems in American Life: New Perspectives on Cultural History. Ed. Halttunen, Karen and Perry, Lewis. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1998. 261–83.Google Scholar
Rubin, Joan. “‘They Flash upon That Inward Eye’: Poetry Recitation and American Readers.” Reading Acts: US Readers' Interaction with Literature, 1800-1950. Ed. Ryan, Barbara and Thomas, Amy. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 2002. 259–80.Google Scholar
Shayer, David. The Teaching of English in Schools, 1900-1970. London: Routledge, 1972.Google Scholar
Sorby, Angela. Schoolroom Poets: Reading, Recitation and Childhood in America, 1865-1917. Lebanon: U of New England P, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Spencer, F. H. An Inspector's Testament. London: Unwin, 1938.Google Scholar
Sweet, Nanora, and Melnyk, Julie, eds. Felicia Hemans: Reimagining Poetry in the Nineteenth Century. London: Palgrave, 2000.Google Scholar
Sylvester, David. Robert Lowe and Education. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1974.Google Scholar
Thompson, Flora. Lark Rise to Candleford. Oxford: World's Classics, 1963.Google Scholar
Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. New York: Bantam, 1966.Google Scholar
Wardle, David. English Popular Education. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1970.Google Scholar
Wolfson, Susan. “Hemans and the Romance of Byron.” Sweet and Melnyk 155–80.Google Scholar
Wolfson, Susan, ed. Selected Poems, Letters, Reception Materials. By Felicia Hemans. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2000.Google Scholar