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The Romantic Movement in England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

Hoxie N. Fairchild
Hoxie N. Fairchild*
Affiliation:
Columbia University
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Extract

Since the flowers of English romanticism are thoroughly familiar, I shall pay what might otherwise be a disproportionate amount of attention to the roots.

Type
Romanticism: A Symposium
Information
PMLA , Volume 55 , Issue 1 , March 1940 , pp. 20 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1940

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References

1 See Herbert Schöffler, Protestantismus und Literatur (Leipzig, 1922); J. W. Draper, The Funeral Elegy and the Rise of English Romanticism (New York 1929); and the present writer's Religious Trends in English Poetry: Protestantism and the Cult of Sentiment, 1700–1740 (New York, 1939).

2 See J. W. Beach, The Concept of Nature in Nineteenth-Century English Poetry (New York, 1936); and C. A. Moore, “Shaftesbury and the Ethical Poets in England, 1700–1760,” PMLA, xxxi (1918), 264 ff.

3 This view of Calvinism is ably set forth by William Haller in his The Rise of Puritanism (New York, 1938).

4 The close historical relation between Calvinistic and romantic melancholy is recognized by J. W. Draper, op. cit., by A. L. Reed, The Background of Gray's “Elegy” (New York, 1924); and by Eleanor Sickels, The Gloomy Egoist (New York, 1932).

5 See F. W. Powicke, The Cambridge Platonists (London, 1926).

6 The Works of the English Poets, ed. Alexander Chalmers, xiii, 450.

7 Ibid., xv, 250.

8 Keats, Ode to a Nightingale. The conception of romanticism expressed in this paragraph receives fuller treatment in the present writer's The Romantic Quest (New York, 1931).

9 See R. M. Jones, Studies in Mystical Religion (London, 1909); and A. C. McGiffert, Protestant Thought before Kant (New York, 1911).

10 For information as to the romanticism of the Victorian period, see A. H. Thorndike, Literature in a Changing Age (New York, 1925); and F. L. Lucas, The Decline and Fall of the Romantic Ideal (Cambridge, Eng., 1936).

11 See L. M. Price, The Reception of English Literature in Germany (Berkeley, California, 1932); and Eric Partridge, The French Romantics' Knowledge of English Literature (Paris, 1924).

12 See F. W. Stokoe, German Influence in the English Romantic Period, 1788–1818 (Cambridge, Eng., 1926); and Marcel Moraud, Le romantisme français en Angleterre de 1814 à 1848 (Paris, 1933).

13 See C. F. Harrold, Carlyle and German Thought (New Haven, 1934).

14 See P. N. Landis, “The Waverley Novels, or A Hundred Years After,” PMLA, lii (1937), 461–473.

15 For more serious and respectful treatment of Coleridge in this connection, see J. H. Muirhead, Coleridge as a Philosopher (London, 1930).

16 See C. C. Brinton, The Political Ideas of the English Romanticists (London, 1926); and Alfred Cobban, Edmund Burke and the Revolt against the Eighteenth Century: A Study of the Political and Social Thinking of Burke, Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey (London, 1929).

17 The allusion of course is to Novalis' romance, Heinrich von Ofterdingen.

18 Wordsworth, French Revolution as It Appeared to Enthusiasts at Its Commencement.

19 Letter to Shelley, August, 1820.

20 Letter to John Taylor, April 24, 1818.

21 La carne, la morte, e il diavolo nella letteratura romantica (Milan and Rome, 1930). Translated as The Romantic Agony by Angus Davidson (London, 1933).

22 G. M. Harper, William Wordsworth (New York, 1916), i, 142.