Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T04:57:53.345Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Romantic Historicism and the Afterlife

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Abstract

Many Romantic poets were fascinated by the idea that a special historical sense could hear the cultural difference of remote epochs in the sound of the sea or of the wind. This essay traces that fascination back to late-eighteenth-century attempts to imagine a new kind of secular afterlife that fused nature and history, thereby combining the permanence of a natural process with the consoling collectivity of social existence. The most influential parts of James Macpherson's Ossianic poems were the ostensibly archaic ghosts who literalized Enlightenment fantasies about this form of historical immortality. In poems by William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Felicia Hemans, historical sensations function as intimations of immortality and as signs of culture's primacy over other forms of class distinction. The essay closes by suggesting that late-twentieth-century film and literary criticism continue to promise their audiences a similar kind of earthly immortality.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Abrams, M. H.The Correspondent Breeze: A Romantic Metaphor.” The Correspondent Breeze: Essays on English Romanticism. New York: Norton, 1984. 2543.Google Scholar
Almond, Philip C. Heaven and Hell in Enlightenment England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994.10.1017/CBO9780511584695CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ariès, Philippe. The Hour of Our Death. Trans. Helen Weaver. New York: Knopf, 1981.Google Scholar
Auden, W. H. The Enchafèd Flood; or, The Romantic Iconography of the Sea. London: Faber, 1951.Google Scholar
Andrew, Bennett. Romantic Poets and the Culture of Posterity. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.Google Scholar
Beowulf. Ed. Donaldson, E. Talbot. New York: Norton, 1966.Google Scholar
Alan, Bewell. Wordsworth and the Enlightenment: Nature, Man, and Society in the Experimental Poetry. New Haven: Yale UP, 1989.Google Scholar
Thomas, Blackwell. An Enquiry into the Life and Writings of Homer. 1735. New York: Garland, 1970.Google Scholar
Hugh, Blair. “A Critical Dissertation on the Poems of Ossian.” The Poems of Ossian and Related Works. Ed. Gaskill, Howard. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1996. 345–99.Google Scholar
Albert, Boime. Art in an Age of Revolution, 1750-1800. Social History of Modern Art 1. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987.Google Scholar
Pierre, Bourdieu. The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature. New York: Columbia UP, 1993.Google Scholar
Michael, Bruce. “Verses on Hearing an Æolian Harp at Midnight, by Mr. C—–, a Young Gentleman, Who Died of a Consumption a Few Days after Writing Them.” Poems on Several Occasions. Edinburgh: Paterson, 1796. 173–75.Google Scholar
Byron, George Gordon. Complete Poetical Works. Ed. McGann, Jerome J. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1980. 7 vols.Google Scholar
Terry, Castle. “The Spectralization of the Other in The Mysteries of Udolpho.The New Eighteenth Century: Theory, Politics, English Literature. Ed. Nussbaum, Felicity and Brown, Laura. New York: Methuen, 1987. 231–53.Google Scholar
James, Chandler. England in 1819: The Politics of Literary Culture and the Case of Romantic Historicism. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.Google Scholar
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. The Complete Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Ed. Coleridge, Ernest Hartley. Vol. 1. London: Oxford UP, 1912. 2 vols.Google Scholar
Humphry, Davy. Collected Works. Ed. John Davy. 9 vols. London: Smith, 1839–40.Google Scholar
Denis, Diderot. “To Sophie Volland.” 17 Oct. 1759. Letter 17 of Diderot's Letters to Sophie Volland. Trans. Peter France. London: Oxford UP, 1972. 3540.Google Scholar
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang. Die Leiden des jungen Werthers. Sämtliche Werke. Vol. 1. Munich: Hanser, 1987.Google Scholar
Goodman, Kevis Bea. “Making Time for History: Wordsworth, the New Historicism, and the Apocalyptic Fallacy.” Studies in Romanticism 35 (1996): 563–77.10.2307/25601198CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, Gray. “To Richard Stonhewer.” 29 June 1760. Letter 315 of Correspondence. Ed. Toynbee, Paget and Whibley, Leonard. Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1971. 684–86.Google Scholar
Stephen, Greenblatt. Shakespearean Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England. Berkeley: U of California P, 1988.Google Scholar
John, Guillory. Cultural Capital: The Problem of Literary Canon Formation. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1993.Google Scholar
Hemans, Felicia Dorothea. Poetical Works. London: Oxford UP, 1914.Google Scholar
Herder, Johann Gottfried. Against Pure Reason: Writings on Religion, Language, and History. Trans. Marcia Bunge. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993.Google Scholar
Howitt, Mary, and Howitt, William. “A Hymn of the Night.” “The Desolation of Eyam”: “The Emigrant, a Tale of the American Woods”: and Other Poems. London: Wightman, 1827. 7781.Google Scholar
Jaucourt, Jaucourt Louis Chevalier. “Mort.” Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts, et des métiers. Ed. Diderot, Denis and D'Alembert, Jean. 1757. Elmsford: Pergamon, 1969.Google Scholar
John, Keats. Poems. Ed. Stillinger, Jack. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1978.Google Scholar
Klancher, Jon P. The Making of English Reading Audiences, 1790-1832. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1987.Google Scholar
Lessing, G. E. Selected ProseWorks. Trans. E. C. Beasley and Helen Zimmern. Ed. Edward Bell. London: Bell, 1890.Google Scholar
Alan, Liu. “The New Historicism and the Work of Mourning.” Studies in Romanticism 35 (1996): 553–62.Google Scholar
Alan, Liu. Wordsworth: The Sense of History. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1989.Google Scholar
James, Macpherson. An Introduction to the History of Great Britain and Ireland. Dublin: Williams, 1771.Google Scholar
James, Macpherson. The Poems of Ossian and Related Works. Ed. Gaskill, Howard. Introd. Stafford, Fiona. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1996.Google Scholar
McMaster, John. Death and the Enlightenment: Changing Attitudes to Death among Christians and Unbelievers in Eighteenth-Century France. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1981.Google Scholar
Richard, Polwhele. “Ossian Departing to His Fathers.” Poems. Vol. 3. London: Cadell, 1806. 216–24.Google Scholar
Adam, Potkay. The Fate of Eloquence in the Age of Hume. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1994.Google Scholar
Remy, Joseph Honoré. Les jours, pour servir de correctif et de supplément aux Nuits d'Young. London, 1770.Google Scholar
Trevor, Ross. “‘Pure Poetry’: Cultural Capital and the Rejection of Classicism.” Modern Language Quarterly 58 (1997): 435–56.Google Scholar
Esther, Schor. Bearing the Dead: The British Culture of Mourning from the Enlightenment to Victoria. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1994.Google Scholar
Anna, Seward. Poetical Works. Ed. Scott, Walter. 3 vols. London: Longman, 1810.Google Scholar
William, Shakespeare. Sonnets. The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Greenblatt, Stephen et al. New York: Norton, 1997. 1923–76.Google Scholar
The Sixth Sense. Dir. M. Night Shyamalan. Perf. Bruce Willis, Tony Collette, Olivia Williams, and Haley Joel Osment. Hollywood, 1999.Google Scholar
Smart, J. S. James Macpherson: An Episode in Literature. London: Nutt, 1905.Google Scholar
Fiona, Stafford. The Sublime Savage: A Study of James Macpherson and the Poems of Ossian. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1988.Google Scholar
Thomson, Derick S. The Gaelic Sources of Macpherson's Ossian. Edinburgh: Oliver, 1952.Google Scholar
Katie, Trumpener. Bardic Nationalism: The Romantic Novel and the British Empire. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1997.Google Scholar
Abraham, Tucker. An Abridgement of The Light of Nature Pursued. Ed. William Hazlitt. London: Johnson, 1807.Google Scholar
Van Tieghem, Paul. Ossian en France. Vol. 2. Paris: Rieder, 1917. 2 vols.Google Scholar
Vertigo. Dir. Alfred Hitchcock. Perf. James Stewart, Kim Novak, Barbara Bel Geddes, and Tom Helmore. Paramount, 1958.Google Scholar
Joseph, Warton. “An Essay on the Genius and Writings of Pope.” Eighteenth-Century Critical Essays. Ed. Elledge, Scott. Vol. 2. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1961. 717-63. 2 vols.Google Scholar
Raymond, Williams. Culture and Society, 1780-1950. New York: Columbia UP, 1983.Google Scholar
William, Wordsworth. Poetical Works. Ed. Selincourt, E. de and Darbishire, Helen. Vol. 4. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1947.Google Scholar
William, Wordsworth. Preface to Lyrical Ballads. The Prose Works of William Wordsworth. Ed. Owen, W. J. B. and Smyser, Jane Worthington. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1974. 118-58. 3 vols.Google Scholar
William, Wordsworth. The Prelude: 1799, 1805, 1850. Ed. Wordsworth, Jonathan, Abrams, M. H., and Gill, Stephen. New York: Norton, 1979.Google Scholar