Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T07:38:54.957Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Power of Women's Hair in the Victorian Imagination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2021

Abstract

Women's hair, particularly when it is golden, has always been a preoccupation of Western artists and writers. But for the Victorians, who discovered complex totemic and symbolic significance in the image of women's hair, it became an obsession. The powerful woman mythologized in Victorian literature and art achieved her vitality partly through her hair, which both contributed to and expressed her magic power. She used her hair to weave her discourse and to spin her plots, to strangle her lovers and to shelter them, to build deadly snares and webs and to proclaim her own divinity and glory.

Type
Research Article
Information
PMLA , Volume 99 , Issue 5 , October 1984 , pp. 936 - 954
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 by The Modern Language Association of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Auerbach, Nina. Woman and the Demon. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Berg, Charles. The Unconscious Significance of Hair. London: Allen, 1951.Google Scholar
Blès, Arthur de. How to Distinguish the Saints in Art. New York: Art Culture, 1925.Google Scholar
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. The Complete Poetical Works. Boston: Houghton, 1900.Google Scholar
Browning, Robert. The Complete Poetical Works. Boston: Houghton, 1895.Google Scholar
Burton, Robert. The Anatomy of Melancholy. 3 vols. New York: Dutton, 1932.Google Scholar
Cixous, Hélène. “The Laugh of the Medusa.” Trans. Keith Cohen and Paula Cohen. Signs 1 (1976): 875–94.Google Scholar
Cooper, Wendy. Hair, Sex, Society, Symbolism. New York: Stein, 1971.Google Scholar
Dickens, Charles. Dombey and Son. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Dickens, Charles. Our Mutual Friend. New York: Penguin, 1971.Google Scholar
Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. New York: Penguin, 1970.Google Scholar
Eliot, George. “Janet's Repentance.” In her Scenes of Clerical Life. New York: Penguin, 1973, 245412.Google Scholar
Eliot, George. Middlemarch. Boston: Houghton, 1956.Google Scholar
Ellis, Havelock. Erotic Symbolism. Vol. 5 of his Studies in the Psychology of Sex. Philadelphia: Davis, 1920.Google Scholar
Empson, William. “Milton and Bentley.” In his Some Versions of Pastoral. New York: New Directions, 1950, 149–91.Google Scholar
Ferenczi, Sandor. “On the Symbolism of the Head of the Medusa.” In his Selected Papers. New York: Basic, 1952, 2: 360.Google Scholar
Flower, Margaret. Victorian Jewellery. New York: Duell, 1951.Google Scholar
Frazer, James George. The Golden Bough. 13 vols. New York: St. Martin's, 1966.Google Scholar
Freud, Sigmund. “Medusa's Head.” In his Collected Papers. Ed. Strachey, James. New York: Basic, 1959, 5: 105–06.Google Scholar
Gere, Charlotte. American and European Jewelry: 1830-1914. New York: Crown, 1975.Google Scholar
Gilbert, Sandra, and Gubar, Susan. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Imagination. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Goldwater, Robert. Symbolism. New York: Harper, 1979.Google Scholar
Grimm, The Brothers. The Complete Grimm's Fairy Tales. New York: Pantheon, 1944.Google Scholar
Grimm, Jacob. Teutonic Mythology. Trans. Stallybrass, James. 3 vols. New York: Dover, 1966.Google Scholar
Hardy, Thomas. Jude the Obscure. New York: Penguin, 1978.Google Scholar
Hardy, Thomas. The Return of the Native. Ed. Gindin, James. New York: Norton, 1969.Google Scholar
Hardy, Thomas. The Woodlanders. New York: Penguin, 1981.Google Scholar
Hays, H. R. The Dangerous Sex: The Myth of Feminine Evil. New York: Putnam, 1966.Google Scholar
Heine, Heinrich. Poetry. Ed. Ewen, Frederic. New York: Citadel, 1969.Google Scholar
Heuscher, Julius. A Psychiatric Study of Myths and Fairy Tales. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas, 1974.Google Scholar
Kintner, Elvan, ed. The Letters of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning: 1845-46. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. The Raw and the Cooked. Trans. Weightman, John and Weightman, Doreen. New York: Harper, 1969.Google Scholar
Marcus, Steven. The Other Victorians. New York: Basic, 1966.Google Scholar
McGann, Jerome. “The Beauty of the Medusa: A Study in Romantic Literary Iconology.” Studies in Romanticism 11 (1972): 325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, J. Hillis. “Ariadne's Thread: Repetition and Narrative Line.” In Interpretation of Narrative. Ed. Valdès, Mario and Miller, Owen. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1978, 148–66.Google Scholar
Morris, William. The Collected Works. 24 vols. New York: Longmans, 1910-1915.Google Scholar
Pope, Alexander. The Poems of Alexander Pope. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1963.Google Scholar
Praz, Mario. The Romantic Agony. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Rossetti, Christina. The Complete Poems. Ed. Crump, R. W.. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1979- .Google Scholar
Rossetti, Christina. Maude: Prose and Verse. Chicago: Herbert Stone, 1897.Google Scholar
Rossetti, Dante Gabriel. The Collected Works. Ed. Rossetti, William. 2 vols. London: Ellis, 1906.Google Scholar
Ruskin, John. The Complete Works. Ed. Cook, E. T. and Wedderburn, Alexander. 39 vols. New York: Longmans, 1903-12.Google Scholar
Scott, Walter, ed. Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border. Ed. Henderson, T. F.. 4 vols. New York: Scribners, 1902.Google Scholar
Shelley, Percy Bysshe. The Poetical Works. Ed. Forman, Harry Buxton. 8 vols. London: Reeves, 1882.Google Scholar
Slater, Philip. The Glory of Hera. Boston: Beacon, 1968.Google Scholar
Sonstroem, David. Rossetti and the Fair Lady. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Stewart, Garrett. Dickens and the Trials of Imagination. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoker, Bram. “The Secret of the Growing Gold.” In The Bram Stoker Bedside Companion. Ed. Osborne, Charles. New York: Taplinger, 1973, 1528.Google Scholar
Sturluson, Snorri. The Prose Edda. Trans. Young, Jean I.. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1964.Google Scholar
Surtees, Virginia. The Paintings and Drawings of D. G. Rossetti 1828-82: A Catalogue Raisonné. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1971.Google Scholar
Swinburne, Algernon Charles. The Complete Works. Ed. Gosse, Edmund and Wise, Thomas James. 20 vols. London: Heinemann, 1925-27.Google Scholar
Tennyson, Alfred. The Complete Poetical Works. Boston: Houghton, 1898.Google Scholar
Thackeray, William Makepeace. Vanity Fair. Ed. Tillotson, Geoffrey and Tillotson, Kathleen. Boston: Houghton, 1963.Google Scholar
Tindall, William. W. B. Yeats. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1966.Google Scholar
Updike, John. Rabbit Is Rich. New York: Knopf, 1981.Google Scholar
Yeats, William Butler. The Collected Poems. New York: Macmillan, 1956.Google Scholar
Wilde, Oscar. Poems. Ed. Scott, Temple. New York: Brentano's, 1923.Google Scholar
Willoughby, L. A. Dante Gabriel Rossetti and German Literature. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912.Google Scholar