Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T14:32:12.217Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Pictography, Law, and Earth: Gerald Vizenor, John Borrows, and Louise Erdrich

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Abstract

This essay examines Anishinaabe pictography in contemporary legal contexts, challenging the notion that the law must necessarily inhere in alphabetic isomorphism, let alone in the colonialist inscriptive norms of the nation. Explaining how pictography elicits a loosened relation between sign and signified, this essay develops a semiotic theory of nonisomorphy to analyze uses of pictography in the work of several Anishinaabe scholars and writers: in John Borrows's advocacy of “jurisgenerative multiperspectivalism,” in Gerald Vizenor's conception of social irony and ironic constitutionalism, and in Louise Erdrich's figuration of ecological literacy and reciprocity. Focusing in particular on the trope of metonymy in pictographic writing, this essay elucidates the perspectival shifts and contextual metamorphoses of metonymy in the native poetics of the Americas, forming and transforming historical experience while offering colonial situations ample room to trip themselves up on their own contradictions.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Adorno, Theodor. Critical Models: Interventions and Catchwords. translated by Pickford, Henry, Columbia UP, 2005.Google Scholar
Allen, Chadwick. “Productive Tensions: Trans/national, Trans-/Indigenous”. The World, the Text, and the Indian: Global Dimensions of Native American Literature, edited by Lyons, Scott Richard, State U of New York P, 2017, pp. 239–56.Google Scholar
Barker, Joanne. Native Acts: Law, Recognition, and Cultural Authenticity. Duke UP, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barthes, Roland. Empire of Signs. translated by Howard, Richard, Hill and Wang, 1982.Google Scholar
Benhabib, Seyla. The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents, and Citizens. Cambridge UP, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boone, Elizabeth Hill. “Aztec Pictorial Histories: Records without Words.” Boone and Mignolo, pp. 5076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boone, Elizabeth Hill, and Mignolo, Walter D., editors. Writing without Words: Alternative Literacies in Mesoamerica and the Andes. Duke UP, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borrows, John. Canada's Indigenous Constitution. U of Toronto P, 2010.Google Scholar
Borrows, John. Drawing Out Law: A Spirit's Guide. U of Toronto P, 2010.Google Scholar
Brooks, Lisa. “The Constitution of the White Earth Nation: A New Innovation in a Longstanding Indigenous Literary Tradition”. Studies in American Indian Literatures, vol. 23, no. 4, 2011, pp. 4876.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brotherston, Gordon. Book of the Fourth World. Cambridge UP, 1992.Google Scholar
Currie, Mark. About Time: Narrative, Fiction, and the Philosophy of Time. Edinburgh UP, 2010.Google Scholar
Davis, Whitney. Replications: Archaeology, Art History, Psychoanalysis. Penn State UP, 1992.Google Scholar
Densmore, Frances. Chippewa Music. US Government Printing Office, 1910.Google Scholar
Densmore, Frances. Chippewa Music II. US Government Printing Office, 1913.Google Scholar
Dewdney, Selwyn H., and Kidd, Kenneth E. Indian Rock Paintings of the Great Lakes. U of Toronto P, 1962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erdrich, Louise. Books and Islands in Ojibwe Country: Traveling through the Land of My Ancestors. Harper Perennial, 2014.Google Scholar
Fabian, Johannes. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object. Columbia UP, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Miriam. Cinema and Experience: Siegfried Kracauer, Walter Benjamin, and Theodor W. Adorno. U of California P, 2011.Google Scholar
Hutcheon, Linda. Irony's Edge: The Theory and Politics of Irony. Routledge, 1994.Google Scholar
Kroeber, Karl. “Why It's a Good Thing Gerald Vizenor Is Not an Indian”. Survivance: Narratives of Native Presence, edited by Vizenor, Gerald, U of Nebraska P, 2008, pp. 2538.Google Scholar
Mignolo, Walter D. The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Literacy, Territoriality, and Colonization. U of Michigan P, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munn, Nancy. Walbiri Iconography: Graphic Representation and Cultural Symbolism in a Central Australian Society. Cornell UP, 1973.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, Jack, et al. “Living Pigments in Australian Bradshaw Rock Art.” Antiquity: A Review of World Archaeology, Dec. 2010, antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/pettigrew326/.Google Scholar
Pocock, J.G.A. “Burke and the Ancient Constitution: A Problem in the History of Ideas”. The Historical Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, 1960, pp. 125–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pomedli, Michael. Living with Animals: Ojibwe Spirit Powers. U of Toronto P, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Povinelli, Elizabeth. The Cunning of Recognition: Indigenous Alterities and the Making of Australian Multiculturalism. Duke UP, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rama, Angel. The Lettered City. translated by Chasteen, John Charles, Duke UP, 1996.Google Scholar
Rifkin, Mark. Beyond Settler Time: Temporal Sovereignty and Indigenous Self-Determination. Duke UP, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, Bryan. “On Attributive Adjectives in Ojibwe and Cinque's Phrasal Movement Analysis of Adjective Orders”. Linguistic Inquiry, vol. 47, no. 1, 2016, pp. 158–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Severi, Carlo. The Chimera Principle: An Anthropology of Memory and Imagination. U of Chicago P, 2015.Google Scholar
Vizenor, Gerald. “Authored Animals: Creature Tropes in Native American Fiction”. Social Research, vol. 62, no. 3, 1995, pp. 661–83.Google Scholar
Vizenor, Gerald. Favor of Crows: New and Collected Haiku. Wesleyan UP, 2015.Google Scholar
Vizenor, Gerald. Fugitive Poses: Native American Indian Scenes of Absence and Presence. U of Nebraska P, 2000.Google Scholar
Vizenor, Gerald. Shadow Distance: A Gerald Vizenor Reader. Wesleyan UP, 1994.Google Scholar
Vizenor, Gerald. Summer in the Spring: Ojibwe Lyric Poems and Tribal Stories. Nodin Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Vizenor, Gerald. “Up Close with Gerald Vizenor”. University of Minnesota, 19 Aug. 2015, cla.umn.edu/news-events/news/close-gerald-vizenor.Google Scholar
Vizenor, Gerald, and Doerfler, Jill. The White Earth Nation: Ratification of a Native Democratic Constitution. U of Nebraska P, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, M. Jane. Signs from the Ancestors: Zuni Cultural Symbolism and Perceptions of Rock Art. U of New Mexico P, 1988.Google Scholar