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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 December 2020
The allegorical poem which forms the subject of the present paper has not hitherto been printed. Le Songe du Castel is preserved in a single manuscript, Bibliothéque Nationale fonds français 25566, which has been described in detail more than once. The most satisfactory brief account of this MS is that by A. Jeanroy in his recent edition of Le Jeu de Saint Nicolas:
page 321 note 1 The MS is fully described in Guillaume de Bure's Catalogue de livres de la bibliothèque de feu M. le Duc de la Vallière Première Partie, ii (Paris, 1783), 226 ff., and in H. Omont's Catalogue général des manuscrits français, ancien petit fonds français, ii (Paris, 1902), 647–650. See also A. Tobler's three editions of Li Dis dou Vrai Aniel, Leipzig, 1871; 1884; 1912: Introduction. The passage quoted from A. Jeanroy is to be found in his edition of Le Jeu de Saint Nicolas (Classiques français du moyen âge, Paris, 1925), Introduction, iv.
page 321 note 2 It is so dated in Guillaume de Bure's account cited above; in Omont's Catalogue also cited; in G. Raynaud's account of Les Congés de Jean Bodel, Romania vi (1880), 227; in L. Nicod's Introduction to her edition of Les Partures Adan (1917), 33; and elsewhere.
page 321 note 3 See Tobler's Introduction to his 1912 edition of Li Dis dou Vrai Aniel, xi–xiii.
page 321 note 4 Grundriss der romanischen Philologie, ii1 (Strasburg, 1902), 870.
page 321 note 5 Introduction to Le Jeu de Robin et Marion (Paris, 1924), ix.
page 321 note 6 See E. Langlois's Introduction to his edition of Le Jeu de la Feuillée, (Paris, 1911), v.
page 322 note 7 See Otto Rohnström's Étude sur Jehan Bodel (Uppsala, 1900) 25–26, and A. Jeanroy's Introduction to his edition of Le Jeu de Saint Nicolas, iii–iv.
page 322 note 8 See A. Guesnon's “La Satire au Arras au xiiie siècle,” Moyen Âge xii (1899), 168, and Jeanroy's Introduction to Le Jeu as cited above.
page 322 note 9 Li Tornoiemenz Antecrit von Huon de Méri, ed. by G. Wimmer, Ausgaben und Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der romanischen Philologie, lxxvi (1888), Introduction, p. 11. Gaston Paris, in La littérature française au moyen âge (Paris, 1888), p. 227, dates it 1235. “… Tournoiement d'Antéchrist, composé par le chevalier Huon de Méri en 1235 (il place pendant l'expédition de Louis IX en Bretagne, qui eut lieu cette année-la, la vision qu'il prétend avoir eue) …”
page 322 note 10 Gaston Paris: Esquisse historique de la littérature française au moyen âge (Paris, 1907) 194. Compare also Chansons satiriques et bachiques du xiiie siècle editées par A. Jeanroy et A. Lanfors, (Paris, 1921), Introduction, vii, and P. Zarifopol, Kritischer Text der Lieder Richards de Fournival (Halle, 1904), 2.
page 322 note 11 Le Jeu de Robin et Marion (Paris, 1924), Introduction, iii.
page 322 note 12 “Trois Dits d'Amour du xiiie siècle,” Romania xxii (1893), 45 ff.
page 322 note 13 The latest date assigned for the death of Adam.
page 322 note 14 See A. Foulet's Introduction to Le Couronnement de Renart, Elliott Monographs, 24 (Princeton, 1929) li.
page 322 note 15 Li Dit de la Panthère d'Amour, Société des Anciens Textes français (Paris, 1883), Introduction, xvi–xvii.
page 323 note 16 See Tobler's Introduction to his edition of Li Dis dou Vrai Aniel (1884), x. Compare also U. Chevalier: Répertoire des sources historiques du moyen âge, Part i, Vol. i, 1329. and Part ii, 2470; and Histoire littéraire de la France, xxiii (1856) 291 and 651–652.
page 323 note 17 See the edition of Li Dis of 1912, pp. xii–xxii.
page 323 note 18 Nyrop, Grammaire historique de la langue française, ii (1903) p. 125, §162. Compare also Wilhelm Müller, Beiträge zur Geschichte des Imperfektum Indicativi im Altfranzösischen … Darmstadt, 1904, p. 107, §181, and p. 110 §190 ff.
page 323 note 19 See Schwan-Behrens: Grammaire de l'Ancien Français, Traduction française par Oscar Bloch, troisième édition (Leipzig, 1923), pp. 148–150.
page 323 note 20 Compare F. Brunot, Histoire de la langue française des origines à 1900, i (Paris, 1905), p. 332 ff., and Nyrop i (1914), p. 199, §183.
page 324 note 21 E. Freymond: “Über den reichen Reim bei altfranzösischen Dichter bis zum Anfang des xiv Jahrhunderts,” Zeitschrift für romanischen Philologie, vi (1882), 177; 179.
page 324 note 22 “Li Flours d'Amours,” ed. J. Morawski, Romania, liii (1927), 191.
page 324 note 23 So much so that I have been tempted to say that the poems are by the same author, but the linguistic evidence does not support this hypothesis. The development of the thought is very similar in the two poems: in each case, a sententious didactic introduction (Le Songe, 1–21; Li Dis, 1–40), the narrative proper (Le Songe, 22–157; Li Dis, 40–267), the allegorical explanation of the narrative, or parable (Le Songe, 158–308; Li Dis, 268–432).
page 324 note 24 See Tobler's edition of 1912, Introduction, p. xxii.
page 324 note 25 The rhymes rice: nice (3–4), closices: rices (59–60), Ypocrisie: maisnie (195–196), assaus: consaus (113–114).
page 325 note 26 See Tobler's edition of Li Dis (1884), x. The same statement is made in the edition of 1912.
page 325 note 27 “Über das Verhältnis von Dialekt und Schriftsprache im Altfranzösischen,” Beiträge zur Geschichte der romanischen Sprachen und Literaturen, xi (1916).
page 330 note 29 The résumé of the poem here given is taken, in the main, from my dissertation, The Figurative Castle: A Study in the Mediæval Allegory of the Edifice, Bryn Mawr, 1930.
page 331 note 30 In The Figurative Castle, especially in the chapter entitled “The Castle of the Body,” cited above, I have brought together from several sources allegories of the bodily edifice. See, for instance, Philo Judaeus “On Rewards and Punishments,” translated by C. D. Yonge, in Bohn's Ecclesiastical Library Edition of the Works of Philo Judaeus, iii (London, 1854), 483. Compare also Saint Ambrose: Liber de Noë et arca, in J. P. Migne's Patrologia Latina (P.L.) xiv, 388; Saint Bernard of Clairvaux's Sermones de diversis, P.L. clxxxiii, 699–700. A list of citations given by the late Professor A. S. Cook in his edition of The Dream of the Rood (note on Faeger feorgbold) is of much interest in this connection.
page 331 note 31 The figurative siege appears in Gregory's Moralia in a comment on Job xxii, 25; “Quos magis alios hostes patimur quam malignos spiritus, qui in nostris nos cogitationibus obsident, ut civitatem valeant nostrae mentis irrumpere, eamque sub sui jugo dominii captam tenere,” P.L. lxxv, 1131. The besieged camp or castle has an important part in “The Parables of Bernard,” P.L. clxxxiii, 757 ff. Compare also Grosseteste's Château d'Amour (date about 1230), 789–820.
page 331 note 32 Compare the reference given in Note 2 to the Sermons of Saint Bernard. See also Honorius of Autun, Speculum Ecclesiae, P.L. clxxii, 1097: “Cujusque autem fidelis corpus hujus civitatis castellum praedicatur, quod ab anima principe et populo virtutum inhabitatur, in qua contra exercitum viciorum decertatur. Hoc castellum a turba hostium exterius obsidetur, a factione civium interius commovetur, dum proximi exteriora damna ei inferunt, vicia autem et carnis desideria bona obruunt.”
page 332 note 33 “Manuscrits français de Cambridge,” Romania xv (1886), 241–246.
page 332 note 34 This poem is summarized and discussed in K. Raab's short monograph, Über vier allegorische Motive in der lateinischen und deutschen Literatur des Mittelalters, in the Jahresbericht des Landes-Obergymnasiums zu Leoben, 1885, p. 36.
page 332 note 35 See Miss J. Murray's edition, Paris, 1918, Introduction, p. 64.