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King Ponthus and the Fair Sidone

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

Abstract

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Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1897

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References

page 1 note 1 A handsome illuminated initial N, extending through twelve lines of text. See the description of the ms. and the facsimile page.

page 1 note 2 Enhauntes, to exercise or follow, corresponds closely in meaning to exaucera of the French original. See Bradley-Stratmann for instances of this rare word.

page 2 note 1 This capital S extends through three lines of text; so, unless there is a note to the contrary, all initials marking chapter divisions.

page 2 note 2 The scribe has apparently omitted navy, here added from W. The French has Lors fist retraire son nauire.

page 2 note 3 ms. denydid, a sheer blunder due to the ambiguous French verb. R, Et ainsi comme il deuisa il fu fait. W, and so as he had deuysed it, etc.

page 3 note 1 Some word representing the nombre of W and R, or the foueson of H & F would be more natural. I have let navye stand in the text in the sense of a ship, because I have no emendation probable on palaeographical grounds.

page 3 note 2 ms. theym and. See note.

page 4 note 1 Adverbial for fersly. R, Et au fort Pontus sailli…. H, Mais en la fin. W, shows a similar mistranslation: and by strengthe Ponthus sterte out of the caue.

page 5 note 1 W and R have hym and lui, a far better reading. But the repeated, therefore consistent, blunder may be the translator's. See l. 24 f. and p. 6, l. 1.

page 9 note 1 ms. xv as. As cancelled by the rubricator.

page 9 note 2 The N in this text is very like a large & in form, but neither W nor R has an &, while such a reading would be awkward.

page 9 note 3 A characteristic spelling for worldly which I have retained here and elsewhere, see glossary.

page 10 note 1 ms. trew that was, etc. I amend by omitting that, following R. Si aduint que herlant …. estoit tout gouuerneur de bretaigne et chassoit celle iournee, etc.

page 10 note 2 See the note on this apparently contradictory passage.

page 11 note 1 ms. thenne. Clearly a scribal blunder for theym. A form theime, on the analogy of thei, would be better palaeographically, but is found nowhere in the ms. N, And so departed he theym. R, Et ainsi les departi.

page 13 note 1 The word is entered over the line.

page 15 note 1 ms. there.

page 16 note 1 “To aid you”—R, Dieu ne vous a pas fait …. pour vous deffaire. W, for to vnmake you.

page 17 note 1 The flourish of the r is bolder than usual. It possibly represents an es. I have preferred to regard fadir as the old Gen.

page 17 note 2 ms. my dame.

page 19 note 1 The omission of thurgh whome would set the sentence straight, but there is no reason to suspect scribal corruption in this case. Inconsequent constructions are so common in this text that I shall never indicate them, except where a probability of scribal error justifies emendation.

page 21 note 1 R, Et lui dictes que….

page 21 note 2 R, puissance.

page 22 note 1 ms. broght a. The a is cancelled by the rubricator.

page 23 note 1 The obvious emendation of the passage is the insertion of a second be following the French. Il me semble, combien que ceste gent soient grant nombre, ne douient pas estre tant doubtez, car nous seruons et sommes a dieu tout puissant, qui puet sauuer, etc. The passage might stand without emendation if how many so euer might be regarded as a clause in opposition to people. This seems to me incongruous with the style of the text.

page 23 note 2 ms. be of goode myght enoghe. The context shows clearly that goode, as is the case a few lines beyond, must be a corrupt reading for Gode and necessitates the emendation of the clause. I have adopted the reading of W for we shall be and ben in gode almyghty; which follows the French, vid. supra. Both English versions appear to have had an original reading serons instead of the seruons of R.

page 23 note 3 ms. goode.

page 24 note 1 ms. Avyen read with E and W Anion.

page 24 note 2 ms. landrewe.

page 25 note 1 ms. De la Zynyen.

page 25 note 2 ms. petie vynnes.

page 25 note 3 I do not understand this de la Breste. R reads: … venaient a la besogne a bien trois cens escus, which W translates literally. Our translator's original may have made the reinforcements come from Brest.

page 25 note 4 Apparently a mistake for Bertam de Doune mentioned above. So in W and R.

page 26 note 1 A extends through two ll. in the ms.; so also the initial A of Chapter vii.

page 27 note 1 The e of fourte is written over an unfinished h.

page 28 note 1 The French and the context suggest the reading he (Ponthus) here and below, but the departure from the construction is characteristic.

page 28 note 2 egrove can only be the p. ptc. of growe, the e representing the original ge prefix. v with the value of u or w is not infrequent in this text, but I have no other instance of its intervocalic use. R, Moult fu la bataille cruelle dune part et dautre, which W translates literally.

page 28 note 3 R…. tenoit moult a destroit.

page 29 note 1 R. remontez. The scribe has omitted the nasal mark.

page 29 note 2 Probably Le Payne. W, payne de R.

page 30 note 1 R abridges the list of slain earlier. W, Hubault de la forest. O, Urbain de la forest.

page 30 note 2 ms. aubryd Rays. O, Aubri de Rais.

page 31 note 1 Paraphrasing R, vostre seruice prens ie bien en gre de tout mon. Tant comme ie vous trouuery loyay (sic) etc., which W translates literally.

page 34 note 1 ms. flatrerer.

page 36 note 1 ye entered above the line.

page 36 note 2 chere entered above the line.

page 36 note 3 may for ma and lay for la are not infrequent. See glossary.

page 39 note 1 ms. fro.

page 39 note 2 ms. Bres e yn lyn, yn cancelled by the rubricator and e inserted above it.

page 39 note 3 A quatrain in the French original. See note.

page 40 note 1 ms. poynte wantyng. R, le quel [cheualier] …. se combatra de lespee trenchant sans pointe iusques a oultrance.

page 40 note 2 R, qui auront iouste a lui.

page 40 note 3 ms. has the.

page 42 note 1 Douce Fragment B.—the tyme that he couth fynde hym that by fete of armes ouer come hym. And whan the dwarffe had þus sayd he enteryd in to the pavelyon on hors bak and he brought forth a feyr Turkes bowe. And four aroos feddaryd with gold. And the damysell and þe hermyte.

page 42 note 2 Bowe is the obvious emendation following R & W, but the spelling is likely enough to be the scribe's.

page 43 note 1 R, Lescu au col. The reading of the Douce Fragment, bak, is clearly wrong.

page 44 note 1 R, a grant foison de cors. Harnesse in the Douce Fragment is obviously a corruption.

page 44 note 2 Not in R. or W.

page 44 note 3 R, gresler. I do not understand the hayre of the Douce Fragment.

page 44 note 4 R, fort temps.

page 44 note 5 R, percerent les escus. The partyd …. in sondre of Douce is apparently due to mistaking a c for a t. The word in the scribe's original was probably contracted as in our text.

page 44 note 6 R, sailli sur piez would make the lepyd of the Douce Fragment appear the original reading. The clause and lyghtly lepe oute of the sadle is neither in W, R, nor Douce; therefore a scribal amplification.

page 45 note 1 R, Pontus … tire a soy lescu de grant force. tant que le branc sen vint avec leseu. Douce has apparently omitted and Ponthus drewe to hym his swerd after sheld. But the reading abowed in sundre, “broke,” is a corruption of the abode of Douce.

page 45 note 2 y written over an h.

page 47 note 1 The emendation a[s] is tempting, but as any lyvyng probably means “as much as, etc.”

page 48 note 1 R, ung pou plus grant. W, he is somewhat more than was Ponthus.

page 48 note 2 R, dauncers, though strange, is apparently right. Commencerent le dames a dancer mais Sidoine ne danca gueres. W, began the daunces and the karolles/bot, etc.

page 48 note 3 ms. ye.

page 50 note 1 R, grant compte et grant loz. W, greete loos. See Bradley-Stratmann for lovyng, “laudation.”

page 51 note 1 R, percerent.

page 51 note 2 R, Pontus fiert moult grant coup et le branc descend en leseu si que il en abat ung quartier. W translates literally. Our translator appears to understand a quartering blow, possibly from another reading, or perhaps we should read a for and.

page 52 note 1 R, et quant il vit ung pou chanceler si le boute. W, sawe hym staker.

page 53 note 1 R, nous yrons vous et moy ensemble. W, we shall go you & I togyder.

page 54 note 1 ms. Rosy lyon.

page 54 note 2 R, qui grant et fort estoit a merueilles. W, which was grete and strong toke. It is a temptation to throw in the grete and strong of W, after mervellous, but mervellous is often used independently in our text.

page 55 note 1 ms. Mountbernard.

page 55 note 2 The same ellipsis is in W and R. R, tant quil aduint que la penthecoste vint …. que tous les prisonniers vindrent.

page 57 note 1 The Digby ms. has an omission corresponding to about a page and a third (ms.) of text at this point, though the ms. shows no break of any sort between gentyllwommen and And furth (p. 60, 1. 14). It is highly improbable that we have to do with deliberate condensation—far more likely that the scribe copied from a smaller ms. that had lost a leaf. F has two chapter divisions in this space which might have been marked by miniatures in a ms. of its class, thus suggesting a motive for the mutilation of the ms. before the scribe of Digby. I have filled the gap with the corresponding portion of W, printed diplomatically. The French mss. R, H, and F contain all this matter.

page 60 note 1 ms. Digby resumes.

page 60 note 2 ms. Polleyne. R, polides. W, Polydes.

page 61 note 1 The word is doubtful, but has clearly something to do with M. E. gorgere. O. F. gorgiere. R, fermail. W, ouche.

page 61 note 2 ms. hym. W, them.

page 61 note 3 R, a chasteau guyon. W, to ye castell of gyron.

page 61 note 4 An elliptical construction like that in W, prasyed. Ponthus …. and that trewly he was—but cf. R, Et disoient vrayement cest le meilleur …. cheualier.

page 61 note 5 Both W & R show the ellipsis: praysed …. Sydone …. and that he that sholde haue her sholde be well eurous, louaient S …. et que bien seroit eureux qui.

page 62 note 1 Huntyng is strange, but I have no reasonable emendation. R, Et le roy sen vint esbatant, lui et sa fille vers susinio. W, came syngynge & sportynge theym towarde syclynere. Digby omits the name of their place of destination.

page 63 note 1 ms. so she shuld and how. I emend by changing she to ye, inserting thynke to complete shuld, and dropping and. W, so ye ought for to thanke hym hyghly. R, si len deuez moult mercier.

page 63 note 2 ms. he was. Om. was.

page 64 note 1 R and W have an additional sentence. Et par ce il …. lestrangeroit de la court, car nul enuieulx ne peut riens souffrir. for to estraunge hym from the countree for to haue the more rule gadered in to his owne hande | for an envyous man may no thyng suffre.

page 65 note 1 The emendation herd is probable, but held makes good sense, regarding Ponthus as the subject of the clause—le, roy, qui moult fel estoit des paroles, quil avoit ouyes. W, had herde keeping the construction of R.

page 65 note 2 R, nul noseroit combatre.

page 66 note 1 ms. after to, hir' cancelled by the rubricator.

page 66 note 2 W, these. R, ces.

page 66 note 3 R, Mais ainsi est. W, But thus it is.

page 66 note 4 The scribe has run down a flourish from this word into the lower margin of the Fol. inclosing in it a heart.

page 67 note 1 I read clearly herfte, which I fail to understand, in the ms. Some word meaning earlier is required. R, se plus tost ne reuien. W, yf soner I come not. | Is it possibly herste (illogical h and long s) for erste.

page 67 note 2 ms. after knytt, W, cancelled by the rubricator.

page 67 note 3 The conj. at may be a genuine colloquial form, that has slipped into the text. W, saue onely that.

page 67 note 4 R, Et dautre part. W, And also he leseth.

page 67 note 5 R, En tous estas. W, among.

page 68 note 1 R, et Eloix pleure et arouse sa dame. Arased then means “sprinkled,” Fr. arroser. W shows a combination of a curious blunder and a correct translation: toke rose water and bespryncled her lady.

page 68 note 2 R, ie pense la grant desloyaulte translated slavishly. W, thynke on.

page 68 note 3 R, ie pense les paroles. W, thynke on.

page 69 note 1 Adj. in the sense of sorowful, for biwepyd. R, bretaigne tu dois bien plourer. W, thou oughtest wele to wepe.

page 70 note 1 ms. lysele. R, saint malo. W, saynt Solo (sic).

page 70 note 2 W, And yt he was of power to make them & doo them good. R, le roy les auoit nourris et fais et leur feroit des biens assez.

page 70 note 3 ms. loues. I emend the passage following R, benoist soit bretaigne. Et la belle et la plus loyale qui viue et la meilleur.

page 70 note 4 ms. more bittre. Cf. W, for better nor sweter was there neuer. Both English versions depart from R's, Car onques plus doulx pays [Bretaigne] ne feust. The emendation may appear somewhat heroic, hut clearly there is confusion in the passage as it stands.

page 71 note 1 The -es is nearly erased.

page 71 note 2 R, le roy estoit ia assis a disner. W, ye kynge was set at dyner.

page 72 note 1 R, se vente …. quil ma passe de trop.

page 73 note 1 Apparently a case of “tother,” dentals are irregular in this ms., so I have let it stand.

page 73 note 2 W, Surdyt Surdyt | it may not be that ye be now | vnpurchased and be so moche & so goodly. R, Sourdit, Sourdit a peine estes si grant creu que vous en soies a pourchaser dun autre. Our translator apparently had an original differing from R.

page 74 note 1 R, fu a la dance.

page 74 note 2 ms. ther'.

page 75 note 1 R, lamour. W, loue. The translator probably read lamour as lonour in his French original.

page 75 note 2 ms. thynk is.

page 75 note 3 R, effray damer. W, wyll for to loue.

page 75 note 4 R, dont il y en eust.

page 75 note 5 R, Et faisoit lays et virelays et tous les noms cheoient en regart de doulceur (sic). W, the whiche fell in complaynyng of sorowe.

page 75 note 6 R, sans changer.

page 75 note 7 R, prenoit moult de confort a la guet de ses estroites penses. W, blunders in this passage: & in these thoughtes he toke ofte tymes grete dyscomforte (sic) & sometyme allegyaunce of his heuy thoghtes.

page 76 note 1 R, La quelle estoit passee de trois iours. W, and was passed a thre days.

page 76 note 2 MS. me. R, mieulx. W, better.

page 76 note 3 Reading his for it, or dropping it from the text would amend the passage. It, in any form, as a genitive is of course impossible at this date. R, son guerredon. W, her rewarde.

page 76 note 4 R, Mais touteffois cuidoit il que son pere eust droit en larmee. Ge fait ils partirent et allerent contre le roy dislande. Apparently the translator has rendered ce fait, the armye made (i. e., put in order) deceived by the proximity of larmee in his original. The blunder is a surprising one, but it appears better to tally with the texts than the obvious but unsatisfactory emendation beginne for beganne. W, The armes were assembled & wente.

page 77 note 1 The g has a large tag much like the usual flourish, unlike the -es contraction.

page 78 note 1 ms. courte and. R, Moult fu grant la Ioye et la feste des nouuelles …, comme le Sourdit auoit este vainquer.

page 79 note 1 A large g tag may represent an -es, but is probably merely a flourish.

page 79 note 2 The first e looks like an o, in which the pen has slipped downward in making the left stroke, but there is no doubt that the reading is brethre, not brothre.

page 80 note 1 W and R have nothing corresponding to in high places; they substitute for all people. W, men of good wyll. R, hommes de bonne voulente. The verse from the Vulgate is completed in W by the addition of bone voluntatis; in R it stops at Deo.

page 81 note 1 The ms. repeats may haue.

page 81 note 2 ms. yen.

page 81 note 3 W, The kyngmade ye archebysshop … for to handfest theym. R, fistfiancer.

page 82 note 1 R, de bonnes pennes (on an erasure) de gris dermines et de sebelines. W, goode furres of veer and of sables. See pane, a garment, in Stratmann-Bradley.

page 82 note 2 R, que grans que petis. W, what grete what small.

page 82 note 3 ms. tremelyd mony.

page 82 note 4 R, a trois lieues. O adds anglesses. W, well a foure myle.

page 83 note 1 A tempting emendation is thes for ther', but ther’… wer translates R, si furent.

page 83 note 2 W, arbalasties. R, arbalestriers.

page 83 note 3 R, quinze. O, l. mille. W, xl.

page 83 note 4 W, the same, translating R, qui tint si grant pais. “Who occupied so much space?”

page 83 note 5 The clause is neither in W or R.

page 83 note 6 I, e., smyte sharply. I render, “Who sharply attacks—of necessity the defensive party yields,” following R, Car qui bien assault et se deffent len lui vuide lentree et se fait ou voye. W, condenses, for he that well assaylleth or defendeth vpon theym that haue no fayth God helpeth hym.

page 84 note 1 R, dura la b. tant qui heure de tierce. W omits.

page 84 note 2 W, a spere grete & sparte (?). R, une espee grosse et court.

page 85 note 1 R, grant merci. W, grammercy.

page 85 note 2 R, comme le lieure fait deuant les chiens. W, as shepe before the wolfe.

page 86 note 1 Undoubtedly a colloquialism for wold haue.

page 86 note 2 W adds, the baron of slaunford. R, staffort.

page 86 note 3 R, trois autres barons. R, thre other barons.

page 86 note 4 R, bien cinquante. W, xii.

page 86 note 5 W omits. R, en une abbaye blanche.

page 89 note 1 R, le [Herlant] fist mal du roy. W, heuylorde. What is a heuylorde? Perhaps “a displeased, unresponsive, master.” This would tally roughly with R.

page 89 note 2 R, vous mauez tant calenge. W, ye haue so longe forborne.

page 89 note 3 ms. leve. R, ameray. W, I shall neuer loue you. The context shows clearly that the reading of W is the original.

page 90 note 1 ms. vyolence. R, villains fais. W, shamefull thynges. Vyolence myght be a corruption of R's reading, but probably the original was that of O, vaillans fais, which myght well have confused the translator, and have led to the rendering in our text.

page 91 note 1 This lapse into the writer's point of view is only in D. R, Et se nommoit. W, but he named hym. But probably the scribe's eye caught chaunged from the passage below.

page 92 note 1 Entered in a different hand above the line.

page 94 note 1 R, se doit pou priser.

page 94 note 2 R, une requeste de mon fait, is mistranslated by D, correctly rendered by W,—of a nedefull mater of myne.

page 94 note 3 ms. And moo had then in a cave theym. R, Et les cela deux iours. W, hydde. The emendation will appear violent, but it all follows from the substitution of hyd for had. I interchange theym and moo then, the illogical and at the head of the clause is allowed to stand, for such constructions are not uncommon in the text.

page 96 note 1 R, Le conte dars et le sire de Duglas, nothing is said about the Scots. W mentions only—Of the scottes the Erle of Douglas.

page 96 note 2 R, gouuerner. W, gouerne.

page 96 note 3 R, xl. W, a forty.

page 96 note 4 R, roye. W, Auroy.

page 97 note 1 W adds with R, ye are full well shapen to be a veray grete flaterer of the courte.

page 97 note 2 R, dist qui lui fera sa barbe.

page 98 note 1 This custom of having poor men at the feast is dismissed with a word in W, nor is the reason for the custom given. The description in the text follows R literally.

page 100 note 1 An unfinished h is changed to c.

page 100 note 2 W, seuen. R, sept.

page 100 note 3 R, Si lacole et encore ne losa baiser ne Requerre. W, And toke his leue and folde her in his armes & halsed her/and yet durste not kysse no desyre for to kysse her.

page 100 note 4 This sentence is found neither in W nor in R.

page 101 note 1 An erasure, some six letters long, follows scafoldes in the ms.

page 101 note 2 ms. holdyyng.

page 101 note 3 W misrenders,—God helpe the fourty felawes. R, dieu aide.

page 101 note 4 See the glossary for the similar forms neghtboures and hight.

page 101 note 5 W, forty. R, xx. O, xxx.

page 102 note 1 After his, sadle stands in the ms. cancelled by the rubricator.

page 102 note 2 From here to the end of the paragraph D follows R literally. W shows a curious confusion, which makes both Ponthus and the kyng attempt to leap the pit and, apparently, both fall in,—and that other was yong and strong and bare hym backwarde & fell into a grete pytt full of stones and Ponthus wende for to haue lepte ouer/but they fell in so sore the kynge vndernethe all that he was deed and his hors deed. W omits also the final clause of the paragraph.

page 103 note 1 After wenyng a superfluous to haue is cancelled by the rubricator.

page 103 note 2 Elsewhere always Kyng, but R and H have consistently le Due. W, ye newe wedded kynge is deed. R, le bruit fu que le marie estoil mort. The lapse shows pretty clearly that the original of D used Duke throughout, and that the change to Kyng in D and W is arbitrary.

page 104 note 1 R, Si pensa que cestoit pour ce quil, etc.

page 104 note 2 R, qui estoit tout nu. W, a naked knyght.

page 106 note 1 This idiom is also in W. It appears to mean “He couldn't have helped it.” The rendering departs from R's, et que nul ne sen deuoit en riens merueiller.

page 106 note 2 W, iii. d. R, trois esterlins.

page 106 note 3 W, and layde in a chayre. R, et porte en ung chariot.

page 106 note 4 R, bien trois lieues. W, well a. vi. myle.

page 106 note 5 ms. manered hym. Om. hym.

page 107 note 1 R, a la tous sains. W, for halfe a yere.

page 107 note 2 R, xv iours. W, .xv.

page 108 note 1 Coronets. See the Oxford Dict. for cronicle and coronacle. W, sercles.

page 108 note 2 R, xx. W, thyrty.

page 108 note 3 R, terre. W, londe. R adds,—Ie voue que iamais ne coucheray en son lit lusques a ce que ie seye sires du royaume qui fu mon pere. W translates literally adding, & crowned or elles I shall dye therfore. To this omission, D sacrifices the significance of the vow.

page 109 note 1 W, fayth. R, en bonne foy.

page 109 note 2 W, hath. R, ait.

page 110 note 1 W, & came to sable danlon & to derbendelles. R, Et se rendit es salles de la tour dorbendelle.

page 110 note 2 W, yle of doloron. Not in R. O, lisle dauleon.

page 110 note 3 W, a. vi. R, trois lieues.

page 112 note 1 R, the same. W, xxviii.

page 112 note 2 R, iiijm. W, foure th.

page 113 note 1 Exactly the thre score of W.

page 113 note 2 ms. and.

page 114 note 1 An imperfect d is changed to an e.

page 115 note 1 evy is written upon an erasure.

page 115 note 2 ms. horses. B, hostelz. W, houses.

page 116 note 1 ms. love. R, viuent. W, lyue.

page 116 note 2 b written over a p.

page 116 note 3 R, par extimacion xxvim. W, .xxv.

page 116 note 4 ms. Syen. W, Bernarbe de saynt Gyle. R, bernard de saint gille.

page 119 note 1 Not in R. In W only,—There was songes and many mynstrelsyes.

page 120 note 1 W, summed. R, Le euer lui emfla de pitie.

page 120 note 2 R omits everything from here to the end of the paragraph except the single sentence,—Car les aduersitez qui sont venues en ce royaume est une vengence de dieu. H and O agree with D and W.

page 120 note 3 H, xiiij.

page 121 note 1 W, holy. H, saincte.

page 121 note 2 ms. roche. R, qui.

page 121 note 3 W, chamberer. R, chamberie.

page 121 note 4 W, bothe.

page 121 note 5 Not in W and R.

page 122 note 1 W, holy. And did … ladye is lacking in R.

page 122 note 2 W, This auysyon. R, ceste aduision, is probably the original reading.

page 123 note 1 thonked hym is repeated in the ms.

page 123 note 2 W, ouerlay.

page 123 note 3 R, xx.

page 123 note 4 ms. a vision.

page 124 note 1 W, So is syluer of an euyll vertue for. R makes it still more general:— Si est largent de male vertue. Car pour lauoir len si met a lauenture de mort.

page 124 note 2 ms. and.

page 125 note 1 ms. his.

page 125 note 2 r apparently altered from a c.

page 125 note 3 After I, trowed cancelled by the rubricator. W, thought.

page 125 note 4 Si lui offre et dit, the exact original of D's reading. W, offred it.

page 126 note 1 W, rather dye. R, dist … quelle seroit auant beguyne. D appears to have mis-read, baraigne.

page 126 note 2 ms. the. W, that he.

page 127 note 1 After doon, that cancelled by the rubricator.

page 127 note 2 W, two. R, deux.

page 127 note 3 W, iii. R, deux chamberlans.

page 128 note 1 W, courage. R, fol couraige.

page 129 note 1 ms. theym. W, that he supposed myght noye hym/translating R, qui lui pouuaient nuyre. I.e., “might hinder him” (Guen.).

page 130 note 1 W, bothe. R, tous deux.

page 130 note 2 W, good. R, bon.

page 131 note 1 ms. Vrelhen. W, vnhappy man. R, cellui homme.

page 132 note 1 W, And thus.

page 132 note 2 W, auysed. The reading appears to be a misunderstanding of R's bien aise.

page 132 note 3 W, bewepte.

page 134 note 1 W, with pypes and tabours.

page 134 note 2 W, Kynge Ponthus and his felowes dysguysed theym.

page 134 note 3 W, wayted. R, deuisoit.

page 135 note 1 W, sayd that neuer erst was borne suche. R, car oncques mais ne nasqui si faulx homme.

page 135 note 2 R, xiiij. W, .xiii.

page 135 note 3 After disporte, a superfluous and tell vs is cancelled by the rubricator.

page 136 note 1 W, had ben.

page 136 note 2 ms. ther'. W, her. R, leur.

page 136 note 3 ms. recommaumde.

page 136 note 4 In the ms. to follows worshipp. I follow the order of W.

page 137 note 1 W, resembleth. R, ressemble.

page 138 note 1 W, frome ferre.

page 138 note 2 ms. Vennys and.

page 139 note 1 W, comers. R, venans.

page 140 note 1 Since this sentence of the text is quite in the form of a chapter heading, I have used it as such.

page 141 note 1 W and R have the correct reading, .xvi.

page 141 note 2 W, with veer, following R.

page 142 note 1 After pouere, me cancelled.

page 143 note 1 After love, a superfluous and worship stands cancelled.

page 143 note 2 R, c. du roy. W, quenes.

page 143 note 3 W, well Iusters.

page 143 note 4 W omits.

page 144 note 1 ms. plesaunt. W, pleasaunce.

page 145 note 1 W's reading. ms. thre. Ponthus’ homily is actually divided under four heads.

page 145 note 2 W omits a man and has towarde hymselfe immediately following worlds and modifying grace—probably the true reading.

page 145 note 3 The e of youre shows a tag apparently for a second, unfinished e.

page 145 note 4 W, so he shall auayll you a ryght heralde. R, Et vous vauldra ung droit herault.

page 146 note 1 W, courteys.

page 146 note 2 ms. plesaunt.

page 146 note 3 W, maystry.

page 146 note 4 ms. maistrie. W, mayster.

page 147 note 1 After and, swe cancelled.

page 147 note 2 W, se vs.

page 147 note 3 R, le euer luy esclaircist.

page 148 note 1 This K extends through four 11. of the ms.

page 148 note 2 a two myle.

page 148 note 3 W inserts, for he sayd that they were foles that obyde to theyr heyres or to theyr executors/for fewe were contented—following R literally.

page 149 note 1 W, la vale. R, laual.

page 149 note 2 W, Nermount.

page 149 note 3 ms. Damvoys. W, damboise.

page 149 note 4 W, loos and pryce.

page 150 note 1 After the last l. of the romance are four ll. blank. The rest of f. 203 has been cut out.