Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T22:58:07.108Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Humanities and HIV/AIDS: Where Do We Go from Here?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Extract

Scholars in the Humanities May be Surprised to Learn That There has Been an Outpouring of New Work on HIV/AIDS by Economists and political scientists in the past few years, as it has finally become clear that the pandemic has seriously impacted governmental operations, redirected state resources, and threatened national and even international security around the globe. This upsurge of interest accentuates the decline in scholarly attention to HIV/AIDS in the humanities that has occurred now that the high tide of AIDS activism has receded across much of the global North and West and nearly a generation has passed since the pandemic first appeared. In an effort to jump-start a second-wave approach to the study of HIV/AIDS in the humanities, I show here how new scholarship in the fields of economics and political economy helps to revitalize questions of subjectivity, epistemology, globalization, and representation that have long been central to the study of HIV/AIDS in traditional humanities disciplines. Given the global reach of the pandemic and the vast technological, disciplinary, and governmental expertise required to contain it, a deliberate yet self-reflexive turn to political economy may help humanities scholars find a foothold in responding to HIV/AIDS. The pandemic has been the catalyst for an entirely new set of techniques of governance related to the health and well-being of nations and global populations—a global biopolitics of HIV/AIDS—yet there is virtually no work in the humanities responding to these dramatic changes.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Adam, Barry. “Constructing the Neoliberal Sexual Actor: Responsibility and Care of the Self in the Discourse of Barebackers.” Culture, Health, and Sexuality 7.4 (2005): 333–46. Print.Google Scholar
Adam, Barry, et al. “AIDS Optimism, Condom Fatigue, or Self-Esteem? Explaining Unsafe Sex among Gay and Bisexual Men.” Journal of Sex Research 42.3 (2005): 238–48. Print.Google Scholar
Adam, Barry. “Risk Construction in the Reinfection Discourses of HIV-Positive Men.” Health, Risk, and Society 7.1 (2005): 6371. Print.10.1080/13698570500042272CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, Tony, and Whiteside, Alan. AIDS in the Twenty-First Century: Disease and Globalization. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2002. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, Tony, Whiteside, Alan, and Decosas, Josef. “The Jaipur Paradigm: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Social Susceptibility and Vulnerability to HIV.” South African Medical Journal 90.11 (2000): 1098–101. Print.Google Scholar
Bertozzi, Stefano M., et al. “Making HIV Prevention Programmes Work.” Lancet 6 Sept. 2008: 831–44. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biehl, João. Will to Live: AIDS Therapies and the Politics of Survival. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2008. Print.Google Scholar
Boone, Catherine, and Batsell, Jake. “Politics and AIDS in Africa: Research Agendas in Political Science and International Relations.” Africa Today 48.2 (2001): 333. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, Catherine. Letting Them Die: Why HIV/AIDS Intervention Programmes Fail. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2003. Print.Google Scholar
Coates, Thomas, et al. “Behavioural Strategies to Reduce HIV Transmission: How to Make Them Work Better.” Lancet 23 Aug. 2008: 669–84. Print.10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60886-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Mark. “HIV Prevention Rationalities and Serostatus in the Risk Narratives of Gay Men.” Sexualities 5.3 (2002): 281–99. Print.Google Scholar
Davis, Mark. “The ‘Loss of Community’ and Other Problems for Sexual Citizenship in Recent HIV Prevention.” Sociology of Health and Illness 30.2 (2008): 182–96. Print.Google Scholar
Dean, Tim. “Breeding Culture: Barebacking, Bugchasing, Giftgiving.” Massachusetts Review 49.1–2 (2008): 8094. Print.Google Scholar
Dean, Tim. Unlimited Intimacy: Reflections on the Subculture of Barebacking. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2008. Print.Google Scholar
Decosas, Josef. “The Social Ecology of AIDS in Africa (Draft).” United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. United Nations Research Inst. for Social Dev., Mar. 2002. Web. 8 Dec. 2009.Google Scholar
De Waal, Alexander. AIDS and Power: Why There Is No Political Crisis—Yet. London: Zed, 2006. Print.Google Scholar
Epprecht, Marc. Heterosexual Africa? The History of an Idea from the Age of Exploration to the Age of AIDS. Athens: Ohio UP, 2008. Print.Google Scholar
Epstein, Helen. The Invisible Cure: Why We Are Losing the Fight against AIDS in Africa. New York: Farrar, 2007. Print.Google Scholar
Epstein, Steven. Impure Science: AIDS, Activism, and the Politics of Knowledge. Berkeley: U of California P, 1996. Print.Google ScholarPubMed
Farley, Thomas. “Policy regarding Bathhouses and Other Commercial Sex Venues in New York City.” Memo to Thomas Frieden. Citylimits.org. City Limits, 14 Nov. 2007. Web. 8 Dec. 2009.Google Scholar
Fassin, Didier. When Bodies Remember: Experiences and Politics of AIDS in South Africa. Berkeley: U of California P, 2007. Print.10.1525/9780520940451CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, Michel. Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977–1978. Trans. Burchell, Graham. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2007. Print.Google Scholar
France, David. “The Invention of Patient Zero.” New York Magazine 2 May 2005: 47–52. Print.Google Scholar
Gupta, Geeta Rao, et al. “Structural Approaches to HIV Prevention.” Lancet 30 Aug. 2008: 764–75. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halperin, David. What Do Gay Men Want? An Essay on Sex, Risk, and Subjectivity. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 2007. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, Paul G., and Siplon, Patricia. The Global Politics of AIDS. Boulder: Rienner, 2007. Print.Google Scholar
Hoad, Neville. African Intimacies: Race, Homosexuality, and Globalization. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2007. Print.Google Scholar
“Issue of Health, Not Rights.” Editorial. Los Angeles Times 25 Mar. 2004: n. pag. Los Angeles Times: Article Collections. Web. 8 Dec. 2009.Google Scholar
Koopman, J. S., and Longini, I. M.The Ecological Effects of Individual Exposures and Nonlinear Disease Dynamics in Populations.” American Journal of Public Health 84.5 (1994): 836–42. Print.Google Scholar
McInnes, Colin. “HIV/AIDS and National Security.” AIDS and Governance. Ed. Poku, Nana K., Whiteside, Alan, and Sandkjaer, Bjorg. Hants: Ashgate, 2007. 93114. Print.Google Scholar
Merson, Michael M., et al. “The History and Challenge of HIV Prevention.” Lancet 9 Aug. 2008: 475–88. Print.10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60884-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mindry, Deborah. “Neoliberalism, Activism, and HIV/AIDS in Postapartheid South Africa.” Social Text 26.194 (2008): 7593. Print.10.1215/01642472-2007-020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muntaner, Carles, and Chung, Haejoo. “Commentary: Macrosocial Determinants, Epidemiology, and Health Policy: Should Politics and Economics Be Banned from Social Determinants of Health Research?Journal of Public Health Policy 29.3 (2008): 299306. Print.10.1057/jphp.2008.23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odets, Walt. “‘Sexual Ecology.‘” Letter. New York Times 22 June 1997, sec. 7: 4. New York Times. Web. 8 Dec. 2009.Google Scholar
Ostergard, Robert L. Jr. HIV/AIDS and the Threat to National and International Security. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2007. Print.Google Scholar
Padian, Nancy S., et al. “Biomedical Interventions to Prevent HIV Infection: Evidence, Challenges, and Way Forward.” Lancet 16 Aug. 2008: 585–99. Print.10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60885-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padilla, Mark. Caribbean Pleasure Industry: Tourism, Sexuality, and AIDS in the Dominican Republic. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2007. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, Amy S. The African State and the AIDS Crisis. Hants: Ashgate, 2005. Print.Google Scholar
Peterson, Susan. “Epidemic Disease and National Security.” Security Studies 12.2 (2002–03): 4381. Print.10.1080/0963-640291906799CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piot, Peter, et al. “Coming to Terms with Complexity: A Call to Action for HIV Prevention.” Lancet 6 Sept. 2008: 845–59. Print.10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60888-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poku, Nana K., and Sandkjaer, Bjorg. “HIV/AIDS and the African State.” Poku, Whiteside, and Sandkjaer 9–28.Google Scholar
Poku, Nana K., and Whiteside, Alan. The Political Economy of AIDS in Africa. Hants: Ashgate, 2004. Print.Google Scholar
Poku, Nana K., Whiteside, Alan, and Sandkjaer, Bjorg. AIDS and Governance. Hants: Ashgate, 2007. Print.Google Scholar
Policy Brief: Criminalization of HIV Transmission.” UNAIDS. UNAIDS, Aug. 2008. Web. 7 Dec. 2009.Google Scholar
Poole, Charles. “Ecologic Analysis as Outlook and Method.” American Journal of Public Health 84.5 (1994): 715–16. Print.Google Scholar
Race, Kane. “Engaging in a Culture of Barebacking: Gay Men and the Risk of HIV Prevention.” Gendered Risks. Ed. Hannah-Moffat, Kelly and O'Malley, Pat. New York: Routledge, 2007. 99126. Print.Google Scholar
Race, Kane. “The Undetectable Crisis: Changing Technologies of Risk.” Sexualities 4.2 (2001): 167–89. Print.Google Scholar
Rotello, Gabriel. Sexual Ecology: AIDS and the Destiny of Gay Men. New York: Dutton, 1997. Print.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S.The Fallacy of the Ecological Fallacy: The Potential Misuse of a Concept and the Consequences.” American Journal of Public Health 84.5 (1994): 819–24. Print.Google Scholar
Seckinelgin, Hakan. International Politics of HIV/AIDS: Global Disease—Local Pain. New York: Routledge, 2007. Print.10.4324/9780203946152CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stillwaggon, Eileen. AIDS and the Ecology of Poverty. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005. Print.10.1093/0195169271.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stürmer, M., et al. “Is Transmission of HIV-1 in Nonviraemic Serodiscordant Couples Possible?Antiviral Therapy 13.5 (2008): 641–42. Print.Google Scholar
Susser, M.The Logic in Ecological Design: I. The Logic of Analysis.” American Journal of Public Health 84.5 (1994): 825–29. Print.Google Scholar
Susser, M.The Logic in Ecological Design: II. The Logic of Design.” American Journal of Public Health 84.5 (1994): 830–35. Print.Google Scholar
United Nations. Security Council. Women and Peace and Security. Res. 1820. United Nations, 19 June 2008. Web. 25 Oct. 2008.Google Scholar
Vernazza, Pietro, et al. “HIV-Positive Individuals without Additional Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) and on Effective Anti-retroviral Therapy Are Sexually Non-infectious.” N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2010. Trans. of “HIV-infizierte Menschen ohne andere STD sind unter irksamer antiretroviraler Therapie sexuell nicht infektiös.” Schweizerische Ärztezeitung/ Bulletin des médecins suisses / Bollettino dei medici svizzeri 89.5 (2008): 165–69. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, David P., et al. “Relation between HIV Viral Load and Infectiousness: A Model-Based Analysis.” Lancet 26 July 2008: 314–20. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Youde, Jeremy. AIDS, South Africa and the Politics of Knowledge. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. Print.Google Scholar