Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T08:27:42.179Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Hitchhiker's Guide to Ecocriticism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Extract

The first few frames of the Belgian comic-strip artist Raymond Macherot's work “Les Croquillards” (1957) provide a shorthand for some of the issues that concern environmentally oriented criticism, one of the most recent fields of research to have emerged from the rapidly diversifying matrix of literary and cultural studies in the 1990s. A heron is prompted to a lyrical reflection on the change of seasons by a leaf that gently floats down to the surface of his pond (see the next p.): “Ah! the poetry of autumn … dying leaves, wind, departing birds…” This last thought jolts him back to reality: “But—I'm a migratory bird myself! … Good grief! What've I been thinking?” And off he takes on his voyage south, only to be hailed by the protagonists, the field rats Chlorophylle and Minimum (the latter under the spell of a bad cold), who hitch a ride to Africa with him. “Are you traveling on business?” he asks his newfound passengers. “No, for our health,” they answer.

Type
The Changing Profession
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Abbey, Edward. Desert Solitaire: A Season in the Wilderness. New York: Ballantine, 1968.Google Scholar
Adamson, Joni, Evans, Mei Mei, and Stein, Rachel, eds. The Environmental Justice Reader: Politics, Poetics, and Pedagogy. Tucson: U of Arizona P, 2002.Google Scholar
Armbruster, Karla, and Kathleen, R. Wallace, eds. Beyond Nature Writing: Exploring the Boundaries of Ecocriticism. Charlottesville: U of Virginia P, 2001.Google Scholar
Barthes, Roland. Mythologies. Paris: Seuil, 1957.Google Scholar
Bate, Jonathan. Romantic Ecology: Wordsworth and the Environmental Tradition. London: Routledge, 1991.Google Scholar
Bate, Jonathan. The Song of the Earth. London: Picador, 2000.Google Scholar
Bennett, Michael. “Anti-pastoralism, Frederick Douglass, and the Nature of Slavery.” Armbruster and Wallace 195210.Google Scholar
Bennett, Michael, and Teague, David W., eds. The Nature of Cities: Ecocriticism and Urban Environments. Tucson: U of Arizona P, 1999.Google Scholar
Berthold-Bond, Daniel. “The Ethics of ‘Place’: Reflections on Bioregionalism.” Environmental Ethics 22 (2000): 524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botkin, Daniel B. Discordant Harmonies: A New Ecology for the Twenty-First Century. New York: Oxford UP, 1990.Google Scholar
Branch, Michael P., and Slovic, Scott, eds. The ISLE Reader: Ecocriticism, 1993–2003. Athens: U of Georgia P, 2003.Google Scholar
Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1995.Google Scholar
Buell, Lawrence. The Future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005.Google Scholar
Buell, Lawrence. Writing for an Endangered World: Literature, Culture, and Environment in the U.S. and Beyond. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, Joseph. Literary Darwinism: Evolution, Human Nature, and Literature. New York: Routledge, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton, 1962.Google Scholar
Cohen, Michael P.Blues in the Green: Ecocriticism under Critique.” Environmental History 9 (2004): 936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colligan-Taylor, Karen. The Emergence of Environmental Literature in Japan. New York: Garland, 1990.Google Scholar
Cooperman, Matthew. “Charles Olson: Archaeologist of Morning, Ecologist of Evening.” Tallmadge and Harrington 208–28.Google Scholar
Cronon, William. “The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature.” Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. Ed. Cronon. New York: Norton, 1995. 6990.Google Scholar
Dixon, Terrell, ed. City Wilds: Essays and Stories about Urban Nature. Athens: U of Georgia P, 2002.Google Scholar
Ecocriticism. Spec. issue of New Literary History 30.3 (1999): 505716.Google Scholar
Evernden, Neil. “Beyond Ecology: Self, Place, and the Pathetic Fallacy.” Glotfelty and Fromm 92104.Google Scholar
Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. “Crossroads of Cultures: The Transnational Turn in American Studies.” American Quarterly 57 (2005): 1757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, Angus. A New Theory for American Poetry: Democracy, the Environment, and the Future of Imagination. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2004.Google Scholar
Greg, Garrard. Ecocriticism. London: Routledge, 2004.Google Scholar
Glotfelty, Cheryll. “Introduction: Literary Studies in an Age of Environmental Crisis.” Glotfelty and Fromm xv-xxxvii.Google Scholar
Glotfelty, Cheryll, and Fromm, Harold, eds. The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1996.Google Scholar
Goodbody, Axel. “Deutsche Okolyrik: Comparative Observations on the Emergence and Expression of Environmental Consciousness in West and East German Poetry.” German Literature at a Time of Change, 1989–1990: German Unity and German Identity in Literary Perspective. Ed. Williams, Arthur, Parkes, Stuart, and Smith, Roland. Bern: Lang, 1991. 373400.Google Scholar
Goodbody, Axel. “‘Es stirbt das Land an seinen Zwecken’: Writers, the Environment and the Green Movement in the GDR.” German Life and Letters 47 (1994): 325–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, Paul R., and Norman Levitt. Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels with Science. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1994.Google Scholar
Guha, Ramachandra. “Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique.” Environmental Ethics 11 (1989): 7184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guha, Ramachandra, and Martfnez-Alier, Joan. Varieties of Environmentalism: Essays North and South. London: Earthscan, 1997.Google Scholar
George, Hart. “Postmodernist Nature/Poetry: The Example of Larry Eigner.” Tallmadge and Harrington 315–32.Google Scholar
Harvey, David. Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.Google Scholar
Hayles, N. Katherine. “Constrained Constructivism: Locating Scientific Inquiry in the Theater of Repre-sentation.” Realism and Representation: Essays on the Problem of Realism in Relation to Science, Literature, and Culture. Ed. Levine, George. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1993. 2743.Google Scholar
Heidegger, Martin. “Bauen Wohnen Denken.” Vorträge und Aufsätze. Ed. Herrmann, Friedrich-Wilhelm von. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 2000. 145–64.Google Scholar
Heise, Ursula K.Science and Ecocriticism.” American Book Review 18 (1997): 46.Google Scholar
Hochman, Jhan. Green Cultural Studies: Nature in Film, Novel, and Theory. Moscow: U of Idaho P, 1998.Google Scholar
Hollm, Jan. Die angloamerikanische Okotopie: Literarische Entwürfe einergrünen Welt. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1998.Google Scholar
Killingsworth, M. Jimmie, and Jacqueline S. Palmer. “Millennial Ecology: The Apocalyptic Narrative from Silent Spring to Global Warming.” Green Culture: Environmental Rhetoric in Contemporary America. Ed. Herndl, Carl G. and Brown, Stuart C. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1996. 2145.Google Scholar
Kolodny, Annette. The Lay of the Land: Metaphor as History and Experience in American Life and Letters. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1975.Google Scholar
Kroeber, Karl. Ecological Literary Criticism: Romantic Imagining and the Biology of Mind. New York: Columbia UP, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsen, Svend Eric, N⊘jgaard, Morten, and Petersen, Annelise Ballegard, eds. Nature: Literature and Its Otherness / La littérature et son autre. Odense, Den.: Odense UP, 1997.Google Scholar
Levin, Jonathan. “Beyond Nature? Recent Work in Ecocriticism.” Contemporary Literature 43 (2002): 171–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Love, Glen A. Practical Ecocriticism: Literature, Biology, and the Environment. Charlottesville: U of Virginia P, 2003.Google Scholar
MacDonald, Scott. “Ten+ (Alternative) Films about American Cities.” Branch and Slovic 217–39.Google Scholar
Macherot, Raymond. “Les croquillards.” Chlorophylle à Coquefredouille. N.p.: Le Lombard, 1998. 752.Google Scholar
Marcone, Jorge. “De retorno a lo natural: La serpiente de oro, la ‘novela de la selva’ y la crftica ecologica.” Hispania 81 (1998): 299308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcone, Jorge. “Jungle Fever: Primitivism in Environmentalism: Romulo Gallegos's Canaima and the Romance of the Jungle.” Primitivism and Identity in Latin America: Essays on Art, Literature, and Culture. Ed. Camayd-Freixas, Erik and Gonzalez, José Eduardo. Tucson: U of Arizona P, 2000. 157–72.Google Scholar
Martfnez-Alier, Joan. “‘Environmental Justice’ (Local and Global).” The Cultures of Globalization. Ed. Jameson, Fredric and Miyoshi, Masao. Durham: Duke UP, 1998. 312–26.Google Scholar
Leo, Marx. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. New York: Oxford UP, 1964.Google Scholar
Mayer, Sylvia. Naturethik und Neuengland-Regionalliteratur: Harriet Beecher Stowe, Rose Terry Cooke, Sarah Orne Jewett, Mary E. Wilkins Freeman. Heidelberg: Winter, 2004.Google Scholar
Mazel, David. American Literary Environmentalism. Athens: U of Georgia P, 2000.Google Scholar
Meeker, Joseph. The Comedy of Survival: Literary Ecology and a Play Ethic. 3rd ed. Tucson: U of Arizona P, 1997.Google Scholar
Maurice, Merleau-Ponty. Le visible et l'invisible: Suivi de notes de travail. Ed. Lefort, Claude. Paris: Gallimard, 1964.Google Scholar
Murphy, Patrick D., ed. Ecology in Latin American and Caribbean Literature. Spec. issue of Hispanic Journal 19.2 (1998): 199342.Google Scholar
Murphy, Patrick D., ed. Literature of Nature: An International Sourcebook. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naess, Arne. Ecology, Community and Lifestyle: Outline of an Ecosophy. Trans. David Rothenberg. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nash, Roderick. Wilderness and the American Mind. New Haven: Yale UP, 1967.Google Scholar
Phillips, Dana. The Truth of Ecology: Nature, Culture, and Literature in America. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, T.V.Toward an Environmental Justice Ecocriticism.” Adamson, Evans, and Stein 145–62.Google Scholar
Rojas Pérez, Walter. La ecocritica hoy. San José, Costa Rica: Aire Moderno, 2004.Google Scholar
Slater, Candace. Entangled Edens: Visions of the Amazon. Berkeley: U of California P, 2002.Google Scholar
Slovic, Scott. “Ecocriticism: Storytelling, Values, Communication, Contact.” ASLE Related Conferences and Abstracts. 7 Dec. 2005 <http://www.asle.umn.edu/conf/other_conf/wla/1994/slovic.html>..>Google Scholar
Slovic, Scott. Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing: Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City: U of Utah P, 1992.Google Scholar
Smith, Henry Nash. Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1950.Google Scholar
Snyder, Gary. “Reinhabitation.” A Place in Space: Ethics, Aesthetics, and Watersheds. Washington: Counterpoint, 1995. 183–91.Google Scholar
Soares, Angélica. Ecologia e literatura. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brazileiro, 1992.Google Scholar
Sokal, Alan D.Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity.” Social Text 46–47 (1996): 217–52.Google Scholar
Soper, Kate. What Is Nature? Culture, Politics and the Non-human. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.Google Scholar
Suberchicot, Alain. Littérature américaine et écologie. Paris: Harmattan, 2002.Google Scholar
Sullivan, Heather I.Organic and Inorganic Bodies in the Age of Goethe: An Ecocritical Reading of Ludwig Tieck's ‘Rune Mountain’ and the Earth Sciences.” ISLE 10.2 (2003): 2146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tallmadge, John, and Harrington, Henry, eds. Reading under the Sign of Nature: New Essays in Ecocriticism. Salt Lake City: U of Utah P, 2000.Google Scholar
Wallace, Kathleen R., and Karla Armbruster. “The Novels of Toni Morrison: ‘Wild Wilderness Where There Was None.‘” Armbruster and Wallace 211–30.Google Scholar
White, Richard. “Environmental History, Ecology, and Meaning.” Journal of American History 76 (1990): 1111–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Raymond. The Country and the City. New York: Oxford UP, 1973.Google Scholar
Williams, Terry Tempest. “Yellowstone: The Erotics of Place.” An Unspoken Hunger: Stories from the Field. New York: Pantheon, 1994. 8187.Google Scholar
Wilson, Edward O. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. New York: Knopf, 1998.Google Scholar
Worster, Donald. Nature's Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994.Google Scholar