Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 December 2020
When Wuthering Heights first appeared the immediate and quite predictable reaction of Victorian readers and reviewers was to view with dismay, if not with disgust, the wildness and brutality of the characters and emotions described in it. Charlotte Brontë herself, while professing great admiration for her sister's work, doubted whether it was right to create men like Heathcliff. Today the wonder of critics is turned upon another aspect of the book; namely, how could a girl in Emily's situation, with her limited experience and living her secluded life, write such a book at all? The researches of biographers have thrown little light on this problem, largely because of the very meager sources to which they may turn. Emily was a fiercely reticent person. She seems to have had no friends and hardly any acquaintances outside her family circle. As to people beyond that circle, Charlotte tells us that “she had scarcely more knowledge of the peasantry amongst whom she lived than a nun has of the country people who sometimes pass her convent gates.” Her letters and manuscripts were with very few exceptions—two brief letters and some manuscripts of her poems—destroyed either by Charlotte or herself.
1 Biographical Notice in 1850 edition of Wuthering Heights.
2 Editor's Preface to 1850 edition.
3 The Three Brontës (1914).
4 All Alone: the Life and Private History of Emily Brontë (1928).
5 C. Shorters Charlotte Brontë and her Circle, p. 152.
6 Particularly pp. 130–131.
7 Complete Poems of Emily Jane Brontë, edited by C. Shorter and C. W. Hatfield (1923), p. xlviii.
8 For some hints on the location of places in the Gondal poems see Miss Ratchford's article “The Brontës' Web of Dreams,” Yale Review, xxi, esp. pp. 155–156. Miss Ratchford has examined Anne Brontë's pencilled notes in the family geography.
9 All Alone, pp. 113–116.
10 Editor's Preface to Wuthering Heights.
11 William Wright, The Brontes in Ireland (1893).
12 Charlotte Brontë and her Circle, pp. 157–158.
13 Emily Brontë (1929).
14 Thornfield Edition of Wuthering Heights (Harper and Bros., 1900), Preface.
15 All Alone, p. 248.
16 All Alone, p. 248.
17 xxviii, 680–704.
18 All Alone, p. 250.