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Eugénio de Castro and the Introduction of Modernismo to Spain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

John M. Fein
John M. Fein*
Affiliation:
Duke University, Durham, N. C.
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Extract

An attempt to explain the almost complete n neglect of Portuguese symbolism by Spanish literary circles for twelve years after its establishment leads one to an interesting negative situation in Hispanic literature at the turn of the century. The founder of symbolism in Portugal, Eugenio de Castro, who wrote his most original poetry and achieved his greatest acclaim from 1890 to 1900, was known in Latin America in 1896 and proclaimed there as a spiritual brother of the modernista poets. The same date marked the tentative beginning of Modernismo in Spain, and yet it was not until 1902, and even then under the guidance of Latin-American writers, that Spanish authors became aware of the movement of poetic renovation which had been at their doorstep unattended for more than a decade. The time when Castro's work was introduced, the means of presentation, and the results it obtained are all commentaries on the delayed and curious arrival of Modernismo in Spain.

Type
Research Article
Information
PMLA , Volume 73 , Issue 5-part1 , December 1958 , pp. 556 - 561
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1958

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References

Note 3 in page 557 Enrique Dfez-Canedo, Juan Raman Jimenez en su obra (Mexico, 1944), p. 16.

Note 4 in page 557 The unpublished papers used in this article have been made available through the courtesy of Dr. Luis de Castro.

Note 5 in page 557 “A una madre,” trans. M. R., La vida literaria, No. 1, 7 Jan. 1899, p. 2.

Note 6 in page 557 Fialho de Almeida, Os gatos (1892); Rubén Darîo, Los raros (1896); Antonio Padula, I nuovi poeti porloghese (1896).

Note 7 in page 557 Andres Gonzalez Blanco states (“Eugénio de Castro,” in Castro's Obras complétas, Lisbon, 1927-44, in, 84) that articles on Castro and translations first appeared in Spain in La vida literaria, directed by Benavente, around 1899 or 1900. However, in another article (“Eugenio de Castro en Madrid,” Nuevo mundo, 17 March 1922) he states that Castro was first introduced to Spain in La vida literaria in 189S or 1896. The files of this periodical for the last two years mentioned contain no reference to Castro. In the numbers that I have been able to consult for 1899 (through March), there is only a brief notice of the publication of the translation of Belkiss in Buenos Aires.

Note 8 in page 557 Unpublished letter of 28 Oct. 1897.

Note 9 in page 558 El ritmo (Madrid, 1894), p. 15.

Note 10 in page 558 Los grandes maestros: Salvador Rueda y Rubén Dario (Madrid, 1908), p. 20.

Note 11 in page 558 Enrique Díez-Canedo, “Relaciones entre la poesía fran-cesa y la espaûola desde el Romanticismo,” Revista de libros, ii (Feb.-March 1914), 63.

Note 11 in page 558 Bibliographie Verlainienne (Leipzig, 1912), pp. 41-53.

Note 13 in page 559 Díez-Canedo, Juan Ramôn Jiménez, p.. 21.

Note 14 in page 559 La poesía de Rubên Darîo (Buenos Aires, 1948), p. 40. Salinas adds: “El que esto escribe puede dar testimonio de que para los lectores de poesía que nos andâbamos por los quince anos, o sus cercanías, cuando se publicaron los Cantos, Rubén era màs que un poeta admirado, que un guión a-rrebatador: tocaba en ídolo.”

Note 15 in page 559 Reviewed by Julio Camba in the Revista ibérica, ii, i (1903).

Note 16 in page 560 This letter bears no date. Castro filed it with letters of 1902.

Note 17 in page 560 Excerpt from a letter of 27 Sept. 1916, quoted in Eugénia de Castro: Consagração da Vniversidade de Coimbra (Coimbra, 1947), p. 143.

Note 18 in page 561 See the Catdlogo general de la librerla espanola e hispano-americana, 1901-1930.

Note 19 in page 561 Ribera e Rovira, “Eça de Queiroz em Espanha,” Eça de Queiroz: In Memoriam, ed. Eloy do Amaral and M. Cardoso Martha, 2nd ed. (Coimbra, 1947), p. 340.

Note 20 in page 561 Gustavo Adolfo Otero, El periodismo en America (Lima, 1946), p. 137.