^{Note 1 in page 169} H. Ellis, The Colour-sense in Literature, Cont. Rev., lxix, 714-730.

^{Note 1 in page 170} The World of Beowulf in Trans. of Am. Phil. Soc. for 1882, p. xxi.

^{Note 2 in page 170} H. Sweet, Shelley's Nature Poetry, Lond., 1888. Twenty-five copies printed.

^{Note 3 in page 170} The peculiar fondness of Old English poetry for formal, conventional phrases adds an element of doubt, in many cases, as to whether the color-word is to be regarded as anything more than an epithet, without a special color-value.

^{Note 1 in page 171} Ex. 476. Wæs sēo hwene lyft heolfre geblanden.

^{Note 2 in page 171} Sixty-six Columbia students, tested for preference of color, gave the following results:

blue, . . 34.9 per cent. yellow, . . 7.5 per cent.

red, . . 22.7 “ green, . . 6.1 ”

violet, . 12.1 “ white, . . 6.1 ”

no preference, . . 10.6 per cent. Psych. Rev., 3, 635.

I am indebted for this note to Dr. C. H. Judd.

^{Note 3 in page 171} Cf. Ellis, The Colour-sense in Lit., p. 727.

^{Note 1 in page 174} For example, more words for flame and fire might have been added, compounds like f$yMrlēoma, kennings for sunne, the word glaeshlultur (Run. 30), the verb glitinian, etc. See also the discussion of the words in the “white group.”

For some remarks on “verba des leuchtens, glänzens, scheinens,” see Sievers, Paul and Braune's Beiträge, xii, 196-197.

^{Note 1 in page 176} Cf. Gummere, “The Use of Black and White in Germanic Tradition,” Haverford College Studies, i, 12.

^{Note 2 in page 176} Most of the abbreviations referring to O.E. poems will be recognized without further explanation. The following may need expansion:

A.= Andreas (Grein-Wülker).

B. = Beow. = Beowulf (Wyatt).

B. D. D. = Be Dōmes Dœge (E.E.T.S.).

C. and S. = Christ and Satan (Grein-Wülker).

Sol. =Solomon and Saturn (Grein).

Wyrde = Be Manna Wyrdum.

The texts used are as follows: Grein-Wülker, Bibl. d. ags. Poesie, i, ii (except Beow.); Gollancz, Exeter Book, Part I; all others from the older Grein.

^{Note 3 in page 176} If blāt, livid, pale, ghastly, can be counted as a color-word, it should be included in this group. Examples occur,—A. 1090, 1281, Chr. 7T1. Cf. blātende nīÐ, Gen. 981.

^{Note 4 in page 176} B. 855. mēarum rīdan

beornas on blancum.

El. 1183. sē Ðe foran ldeÐ

brīdeis on blancan.

Rid. 23: 17. brōhte hwæÐre

beornas ofer burnan and hyra bloncan mid.

^{Note 1 in page 177} Dan. 246. bron brandas on bryne blācan f$yMres.

^{Note 2 in page 177} B. 1516. f$yMr-lēoht gesah blācne lēoman beorhte scīnan.

A. 1540. Him þet engel forstōd, sē Ðā burh oferbrægd blācan līge.

Rid. 4: 44. blācan līge.

Run. 16. Cēn byþ cwicera gehwām cūþ on f$yMre blāc and beorhtlīc., byrneÐ oftust.

^{Note 3 in page 177} Chr. 808. blāc rāsetteÐ rēcen rēada lēg

^{Note 4 in page 177} Az. 105. wolcna genipu and þec līexende līgetta hergen blāce breahtum h wate

Dan. 380. and þec līgetu, blāce, berhtmhwate, þā þec blētsige.

^{Note 5 in page 177} Met. 4: 8. blācum lēohte beorhte steorran

^{Note 6 in page 177} Ph. 295. bonne is sē finta fægre ged≤d sum brūn, sum basu, sum blācum splottum.

^{Note 7 in page 177} Ex. 212. ston æfter beorgum in blācum rēafum

Rid. 11:7. brimes and bēames on blācum hrægle

^{Note 8 in page 177} Gen. 1969. Sceolde forht monig blāchlēor ides bifiende gān ⊖ fremdes fæÐm.

Jud. 128. blāchlēor ides

^{Note 9 in page 177} Jud. 278. funde Ðā on bedde blācne licgen his goldgifan.

^{Note 1 in page 178} Ex. 109. behēold ofer lēodwerum līge scīnau, byrnende bēam. Blāce stōdon ofer scēotendum scīre lēoman, scinon scyldhrēoÐan, sceado swiÐredon: neowle nihtscuwan nēah ne mihton heolstor āh$yMdan. Heofoncandel barn:

Ex. 120. Hæfde foregenga f$yMrene loccas, blāce bēamas, bēllegsan* hwēop in þām hereþrēate, hātan līge.

El. 91. wæs sē blāca bēam bōcstafum, āwriten beorhte and lēohte

B. D. D. (Exon.) 66. on fui blācne bēam bunden fæste

Wyrde 41. blāc on bēame bīdeÐ wyrde

Almosen (Grein, ii, p. 350) 6. lēg ādwsce, þæt hē leng ne mæg blāc byrnende burgum sceÐÐan.

Ex. 496. sāwlnm lunnon fæste befarene, flōdblāc here

B. 2487. gūÐ-heltn tō-glād, gomela Scylfing hrēas [heoro-] blāc.

Ex. 204. werud wæs wīgblāc

Run. 90. Ēar [tir] byþ egle eorla gehwylcun, Ðonn fæstlīce flsc onginneþ hrāw cōlian, hrusan cēosan blāc tō gebeddan blēda gedrēosaþ wynna gewītaþ, wera geswīcaþ.

Seaf. 91. Yldo him on fareÐ, onsyn blācaÐ gomelfeax gnornaÐ.

* Sweet, b≤gsa.

^{Note 1 in page 179} Zaubersegen, i, 54. and þre brādan bere wæstma and þre hwītan hwte wæstma

Brun. 62.þone hasu-pādan earn, æftan hwīt

Ph. 297. sindon þā fiþu hwīt hindan-weard

Rid. 16:1. Hals is mīn hwīt and hēafod fealo.

Rid. 41: 98. ne hafu ic īu hēafde hwīte loccas

Chr. 1110. þā hwītan honda and þā hālgan fēt.

Run. 25. Hægl byþ hwītust corna; hwyrft hit of heofenes lyfte.

^{Note 2 in page 179} Gen. 614. nū seīneÐ þē lēoht fore glædlic ongēan, þœt ie from gode brōhte hwīt of heofonum.

Gen. 1820. Abraham maÐelode, geseah Egypta hornsele hwīte and hēa byrig beorhte blīcan

B. 1448. ac sē hwīta helm hafelan werede

Rid. 11:8. sume wron hwīte hyrste mīne.

Met. 19: 22. gimmas hwīte and rēade.

Ex. 301. Hōfon hereciste hwīte linde, segnas on sande.

Reim. 66. græft hafaÐ searo hwīt solaþ, sumur hāt cōlaÐ.

Gen. 2731. ac him hygetēonan hwītan seolfre dēope bete.

^{Note 3 in page 179} Chr. 447. þæt þær in hwītum hræglum gewerede englas ne oÐēowdun

Chr. 454. þæt h$yM in hwītum þr hræglum oÐ$yMwden.

in þā æþelan tīd swā hīe eft dydon.

^{Note 1 in page 180} Gen. 254. Hæfile hē hine swā hwītne geworhtne; Swā wynlic wæs his wæstm on heofonum, þœt him [cōm from weroda drihtne: Gelīc wæs hē þām lēohtum steorrum.

Gen. 349. Wæs r godes engel, hwīt on heofne, oÐ hine his hyge forspēon

Chr. 895. engla and dēofla hwītra and sweartra

Gen. 265. cwæÐ, þœt his līc wre lēoht and scēne, hwīt and hīowbeorht.

El. 72. þūhte him wlitesc$yMne on weres hāde, hwīt and hīwbeorht hæleÐa nāthwylc.

Chr. 1017. Ðonne sīo hālge gecynd hwīt and heofon-beorht hēag-engla mægen.

B. D. D. 289. þr þ⇛ hwīttra hwyrfÐ mdenhēap. blōstmum behangen.

Gen. 603. þœt hire þūhte hwītre heofon and eorÐe and eall þēos woruld wlitigre and geweorc godes micel and mihtig.

Chr. 545. r þon ūp-stige, ealles waldend, on heofona gehyld hwīte cwōman, eorla ēad-giefan, englas tō-gēanes.

C. and S. 200. and ymb þœt hēhsetl hwīte standaÐ engla fēÐan and ēadigra.

^{Note 2 in page 180} Gen. 1417. For fāmig scip 1 and c nihta under roderum

Met. 26: 26. ferede on fifelstrēam fāmigbordan þrīerēÐre cēol.

A. 1524. fāmige walcan mid rdæge eorÐan þehton.

El. 237. Lēton þā ofer fifelwg fāmige scrÐan, bronte brimþisan.

Sol. 156. oÐ þæt him heortan blōd fāmig flōdes bæÐ foldan gesēceÐ.

Rid. 4:19. fāmig winneÐ wg wiÐ wealle.

Rid. 4: 32. fēore bifohten fmig rīdan $yMÐa hrycgum

Gen. 1452. hwæÐer fāmig s dēop þā g$yMta dl nigne grēnre eorÐan ofgifen hæfde.

Gen. 2213. fāmige flōdas

^{Note 1 in page 181} B. 218. flota fāmi-heals fugle gelīcost.

B. 1908. s-genga fōr, flēat fāmig-heals forÐ ofer $yMÐe.

A. 496. is þēs bāt ful scrid, færeÐ fāmigheals fugole gelīcost.

^{Note 2 in page 181} Ex. 493. Fāmigbōsma flōdwearde slōh.

Rid. 3:3. gifen biÐ gewreged, [flōd āf$yMsed], fām gewealcen.

Ex. 481. flōd fāmgode

^{Note 3 in page 181} A. 1261. īs brycgade blæce brimrāde

B. 1799. reced hlīuade gēap ond gold-fāh; gæst inne swæf, oþ þæt hrefn blaca heofones wynne blīÐ-heort bodode; Ðā cōm beorht scacau [sunne ofer grundas].

Sol. 471. blōdige earnas and blace ndran

Rid. 58: 1. pēos lyft byreÐ lītle will te ofer beorghleoÐu, þā sind blace swīīÐe, swearte salopāde.

Rid. 88: 18. Nū ic blace swelge wuda and wætre.

Rid. 52 : 1. Ic seah wrætlīce wuhte fēower samed sīÐian: swearte w⇛n lāstas swaÐu suīÐe blacu.

^{Note 1 in page 182} C. and S. 196. hū þā blacan fēond for oferhygdum ealle forwurdon.

C. and S. 71. Blace hworfon scinnan forscepene geond þœt atole scref

Chr. 895. engla and dēofla, beorhtra and blacra

C. and S. 721. blac bealowes gāst

Sol. 25. worpaÐ hine dēofol on dōmdæge draca egeslīce bismorlīce of blacere lrÐran.

^{Note 1 in page 183} Gen. 1449. Hē þā ymb seofon niht sweartum hrefne of earce forlēt æfter flēogan ofer hēah wæter haswe culufran on fandunga, hwæÐer fāmig s dęMp þā, g$yMta dl nigne grēnre eorÐan ofgifen hæfde.

Gen. 1438. lēt þā ymb worn daga,

1441. sunu Lameches sweartne flēogan

hrefn ofer hēahflōd of hūse ūt.

Rid. 50: 4. Hwīlum on þām wīcum sē wonna þegn, sweart and saloneb

Soul and Body 54. ne nnigum gesybban, þonne sē swearta hrefen.

Brun. 61. sweartan hrefn.

Finns. 35. Hræfen wandrode sweart and sealobrūn, swurdlēoma stōd swylce eal Finnsburuh fyrenu wre.

Rid. 13: 3. fæste binde swearte Wēalas

Rid. 22:10. and mīn swæÐ sweotol sweart on ōÐre

Rid. 58 : 1. þēos lyft byreÐ l$yMtle wihte

3. swearte salopāde

Met. 4: 22. r sē swearta storm

Jul. 472. sweartum scūrum

Gem. 1413. lago ebbade, sweart under swegle

Gen. 1299. bū scealt friÐ habban mid sunum þīnum, Ðonne sweart wæter, wonne wælstrēamas werodum swelgaÐ.

Gen. 1325. symle biÐ þ$yM heardra, þe hit hreoh wæter, swearte sstrēamas swīÐor bēataÐ.

Gen. 1374. egorstrēamas swearte swōgan

Gen. 1354. þā be ūtan bēoÐ earce bordum, þonne sweartracu stīgan ongīnneÐ

B. 3144. wud[u]-rēc āstāh sweart ofer swioÐole

Rid. 4: 46. feallan ltaÐ sweart sumsendu sēaw of bōsme

Rid. 41: 31. and ic fūlre eom þonne þis fen swearte.

Rid. 41: 92. sē miela hwæl sē þe gārsecges grand bihealdeÐ sweartan syne.

Bid. 42 : 1. edniwu þæt is möddor monigra cynna, þæs sēlestan, þæs sweartestan

Rid. 42: 94. sweartan syne

Gen. 118. sweart synnihte

Met. 4: 6. swylce sēo sunne sweartra nihta

Chr. 870. scīre gesceafte swā oft sceaÐa fæne þēof þrīstlīce be on þ$yMstre fareþ on sweartre niht.

Other examples occur,—B. 167, B. I). D. 198, Chr. 934, Gen. 109, 134, Guth. 678.

Gen. 390. hafaÐ ūs god sylfa forswāpen on þās sweartan mistas

Met. 5: 45. sunne for þm sweartum mistum

Met. 23: 5. and of him selfum bone sweartan mist.

B. D. D. 104. Eal biÐ ēac ūpheofon sweart and gesworcen, swīÐe geþuxsaÐ deorc and dimhīw and dwolma sweart.

Rid. 52: 2. swearte w⇛n lāstas.

Rid. 27: 1. sīÐade sweart-lāst.

^{Note 1 in page 184} Chr. 1605. Ðæt sceolon fyllan firen-georne men sweartum sāwlum

C. and S. 51. Đā him and sweradan atole gāstas, swarte and synfulle.

Chr. 895. onhlo gelāc engla and dēofla beorhtra and blacra weorþeÐ bēga cyme hwītra and sweartra

Chr. 1104. swearte syn-wyrcend.

Sol. 148. mānfullra hēap sweartne geswencan

GuÐ. 650. mīne myrÐran and mān-sceaþan swearte sigelēase

Jul. 468. sweartra gesyrede

Partridge, 6. and gē hellfirena sweartra geswīcaÐ

Soul and Body, 73. swearte wihte

Chr. 268. æþelan rīce, þonan ūs er þurh syn-lust sē swearta gsest fortēah and fortylde

Jul. 311. þūs ic wrāþra fela mid mīnum brōþrum bealwa gefremede sweartra synna

C. and S. 639. hū hīe him on edwīt oft asettaÐ swarte sūslbonan

GuÐ. 666. Ðā ēow sē waldend wrāÐe bisencte in þœt swearte sūsl

El. 930. ond þec þonne sendeÐ in þā, sweartestan and pā wyrrestan wītebrogan

Gen. 72. hēo on wrace syÐÐan seomodon swearte sīÐe

Gen. 732. ac hīe tō helle sculon on þone sweartan sīÐ.

Chr. 1411. sār and swār gewin and sweartne dēaÐ

Gen. 477. þonne wæs sē ōÐer eallenga sweart, dim and þ$yMstre: þœt wæs dēaÐes bēam.

A few miscellaneous examples, not especially notable, occur,—Rid. 13:13, 18 : 7, 71: 9, Sol. 488, C. and S. 704, Gen. 487.

The following instances of the figurative use of the adverb sweurte seem to belong to group (2):—

C. and S. 371. Satanus swearte geþōhte

C. and S. 445. and hēo furÐor sceaf in þœt neowle genip nearwe gebeged, þær nū Satanus swearte þngaÐ

C. and S. 578. him þœt swearte forgeald earm glca inn on helle.

GuÐ. 625. swearte beswicene, swegle benumene.

^{Note 1 in page 186} Gen. 312. on þā sweartan helle.

Gen. 345. Satan siÐÐan, hēt hine þre sweartan helle.

Cf. Gen. 529, 761, 792.

Jul. 553. Đā hine sēo fmne forlēt sefter þræc-hwīle þ$yMstra nēosan in sweartne grund

Ps. 142: 7. wese ic earmum gelīc, þe on sweartne grund siÐÐan astīgaÐ.

With these cases may be compared the following, which might, perhaps, have been put into group (2):—

Gen. 1925. for wera synnum wylme gesealde Sodoman and Gomorran, sweartan līge.

Gen. 2414. þœt sceal wrecan swefyl and sweart līg, sāre and grimme

Gen. 2504. Unc hēht waldend for wera synnum Sodoma and Gomorra sweartan līge, f$yMre gesyllan.

Gen. 2538. þā sunne ūp, folca friÐcandel furÐum ēode, þā ic sendan gefrægn swegles aldor swell of heofnum and sweartne līg werum tō wīte.

Gen. 2856. and blōtan sylf sunu mid sweordes ecge and þonne sweartan līge lēofes līc forbærnan.

Chr. 983. færeÐ æfter foldan f$yMr-swearta lēg weallende wiga

Chr. 1531. þœt on þæt dēope dl dēofol gefealla in sweartne lēg.

Cf. also Chr. 966, 994.

^{Note 2 in page 186} B. 1789. Niht-helm geswearc deorc ofer dryht-gumum.

A. 372. wedercandel swearc

GuÐ. 1279. swearc norÐ-rodor

Ex. 461. lyft ūp geswearc: fgum stfnum flōd blōd gewōd.

Gen. 807. gesweorc ūp færeÐ

B. D. D, 108. and sēo sunne forswyrcÐ sona on morgen ne sē mōna næfÐ nānre mihte wiht, þœt hē þre nihte genipu mæge flecgan.

C. and S. 78. hē sweartade, Ðonne he spreocan ongan, f$yMre and āttre.

GuÐ. 1052. hefige æt heortan hreþer innan swearc

B. 1766. oÐÐe ēagena bearhtm forsiteÐ ond forsworceÐ.

Jul. 78. geswearc þā swiÐ-ferÐ swōr æfter worde

Wand. 58. forþon ic geþencan ne mæg geond þas woruld for hwan mōd-sefa mīn ne gesweorce.

Deor. 28. SiteÐ sorgceorig slum bid≤d on sefan sweorceÐ.

^{Note 1 in page 187} For brūnwann, see brūn.

^{Note 2 in page 187} B. 3024. ac sē wonna hrefn.

Gen. 1983. Sang sē wanna fugel under deoreÐsceaftum, dēawigfeÐera hrs on wenan.

Jud. 205. pæs sē h lanca gefeah wulf in walde and sē wanna hrefn

El. 52. hrefen uppe gōl wan and wælfel.

Ex. 164. wonn wælcēasega.

B. 3154. wæl-fylla wonn.

Rood. 52. þ$yMstro hæfdon bewrigen mid wolcnum wealdendes hrw, scīre scīman; sceadu forÐēode, wann under wolcnum.

B. 702. Cōm on wanre niht scrīÐan sceadu-genga

GuÐ. 1028. in þsse wonnan niht

Rid. 85: 8. wudubēama helm wonnan nihtum

Met. 11:61. Hwæt ! þā wonnan niht mōna onlīhteÐ

B. 649. oþÐe nīpende niht ofer ealle, scadu-helma gesceapu scriÐan cwōman, wan under wolcnum

Wand. 103. hrīÐ brēosende hrūsan bindeÐ wintres wōma þonne won cymeÐ nīpeÐ niht-scua norþan onsendeÐ. hrēo hægl-fare hæleÐum on andan.

Ph. 98. sēo deorce niht won gewīteÐ

Gen. 108. geseah deorc gesweorc semian sinnihte, sweart under roderum wonn and wēste

GuÐ. 1279. swearc norÐ-rodor won under wolcnum

A. 836. sceadu sweÐerodon won under wolcnum

Met. 5 : 4. gif him wan fore wolcen hangaÐ.

Gen. 118. woune wgas

Gen. 1301. wonne wælstrēamas

A. 1168. pā for þre dugoÐe dēoful æt$yMwde wann and wlitelēas, hæfde wēriges hīw.

Gen. 1378. wrēah and þeahte mānfhÐu beam middangeardes wonnan w≥.

Gen. 1460. Gewāt sē wilda fugel on ♀nne earce sēcan ofer wonne wg

Gen. 1429. þā hine on sunde geond sīdne grund wonne $yMÐa wīde bron.

Rid. 4: 37. won wægfatu

B. 1373. þonon $yMÐ-geblond ūp āstīgeÐ won tō wolcnum.

Rid. 4:19. fāmig winneÐ wg wiÐ wealle; won ārīseÐ dūn ofer d$yMpe.

Gen. 210. Fægere lēohte

þœt līÐe land lago yrnende, wylleburne; nalles wolcnu Ðā gīet ofer rūmne grund regnas bron wann mid winde.

Chr. 1422. and mec þā on þēostre ālegde biwundenne mid wonnum clāþum

Rid. 54 : 7. wonnum hyrstum.

Rid. 50:4. Hwīlum on þām wīcum sē wonna þegn.

Rid. 41: 105. Māra ic eom and fttra, þonne āmsted swīn bearg bellende on bōc-wuda won wrōtende wynnum līfde

Rid. 85:14. is mīn bæc wonn and wundorlic.

Chr. 1564. won and wlitelēas hafaÐ werges blēo.

Rid. 53: 5. þāra ōÐrum wæs ān getenge wonfāh Wale

A parallel to the expression, sē swearta lēg, is found in sē wonna lēg; and a similar explanation doubtless applies to both.

B. 3114. Nū sceal glēd fretan (weaxan wonna lēg)

C. and S. 715. hwīlum sē wonna lēg lhte wiÐ þes lāþan

Chr. 964. Ðonne eal þrēo on ēfen nimeÐ won f$yMres wælm wīde tōsomne sē swearta līg

^{Note 1 in page 189} For the etymology of salo, see Uhlenbeck in Paul and Braune's Beitrāge, 20, 564.

^{Note 2 in page 189} Gen. 2864. ac hine sē hāiga wer gyrde grgan sweorde.

B. 2680. Nægling forbærst, geswāc æt sæcce sweord Bīowulfes, gomol ond grg-ml.

Finns. 6. gylleÐ græghama, gūÐwudu hlynneÐ, scyld scefte oncwyÐ.

B. 333. f<e scyldas, gr≥ syrcan ond grim-helmas.

Brun. 64. þœt gr≥ dēor, wulf on wealde

Gnom. (Ex.) 149. Gryre sceal for greggum, græf dēadum men.

Hungre hēofeÐ, nales þaet hēafe bewindeÐ ne huru wæl wēpeÐ wulf sē grga.

A. 370. horufisc plegode, glād geond gārsecg and sē grga mw wælgifre wand; wedercandel swearc.

Gnom. I. 30. Ēa of dūne sceal flōdgrg fēran.

Met. 7. Swā oft smylte s sūÐerne wind gr≥ glas-hluttre grimme gedrēfed

B. 330. æsc-holt ufan grg.

Rid. 4 : 19. Ic sceal tō staÐe þ$yMwan flintgrgne flōd.

^{Note 1 in page 190} B. 887. hē under hārne stān,

B. 1415. ofer hārne stān.

B. 2552. stefn in becōm

heaÐo-torht hlynnan under hārne stān.

B. 2743. Nū Ðū lungre geong

hord scēawian under hārne stān,

Wīglaf lēofa.

A. 841. ymbe hārne stān

tigelfāgan trafu

Ruin, 40. weal eall befēng beorhtan bōsme, þr þā baþu wron hāt on hreþre; þœt wæs h$yMÐelīc: lēton þonne gēotan .... ofer hārne stān hāte strēamas

Rid. 41: 74. sē hāra stān

Met. 5: 12. Swā oft springe ūt āwealleÐ of clife hārum cōl and hlūtor.

Heil. 210. þænne embe eahta niht and fēowerum þœte fān gode besenctun on sgrund sigefæstne wer, on brime hāran

Jud. 327. lddon tō re beorhtan byrig Bethuliam helmas and hupseax, hāre byrnan, gūÐsceorp gumena golde gefraetewod

Wald. II. 16. feta, gyf Ðū dyrre, set Ðus heaÐowērigan hāre byrnan.

B. 2153. hāre byrnan

B. 2988. hāres hyrste Higelāce bær.

Wald. I. 2. huru Welandes geworc ne geswīceÐ monna nigum, Ðāra Ðe Mimming can hēarne gehealdan.

Ex. 117. þy ls him westengryre hār hÐ

Rid. 22: 3. hār holtes fēond

Wand. 82. sumne sē hāra wulf dēaÐe gedŀe.

Wyrde. 12. sceal hine wulf etan hār hÐstapa.

Rid. 88: 7. hwīlum hāra scōc forst of feaxe.

A. 1257. swylce hrīm and forst, hāre hildstapan hæleÐa ēÐel lucon, lēoda gesetu.

Brun. 38. on his cyÐÐe norÐ Constantīnus, hār hilderinc; hrēman ne Ðorfte mēca gemānan.

B. 1306. þā wæs frōd cyning hār hilde-rinc

B. 3135. æþeling boren, hār hilde [-rinc], tō Hrones næsse.

Mald. 168. þā g$yMt þœt word gecwæÐ hār hilderinc

B. 1677. Đā wæs gylden hilt gamelum rince, hārurn hild-fruman, on hand gyfen.

Ex. 240. Gamele ne mōston, hāre heaÐorincas, hilde onþēon

Ex. 181. hāre heorawulfas hilde grētton

B. 356. þr HrōÐgār sæt eald ond un-hār.

Rid. 73 : 1. Ic wæs fmne geong, feaxhār cwēne.

The picturesque word rœghār, meaning gray with moss or lichen, is used in describing a broken wall in the Ruin 9-10.

Oft þæs wāg gebad

ræghār and rēadfāh rīee æfter ōþrum.

^{Note 1 in page 192} Gen. 145. haswe culufran

Rid. 25: 4. hwīlum ic onhyrge þone haswan earn

Ph. 121. swā sē haswa fugel.

beorht of þæs bearwes bēame gewīteÐ

Rid. 12 : 1. Hægl is mīn hasofāg.

Brun. 62. þone hasu-pādan earn, æftan hwīt

Ph. 153. Ðonne biÐ gehefgad haswig-feÐra gomol gēarum frōd [g]rēne eorÐan

Rid. 2: 6. rēcas stīgaÐ haswe ofer hröfum.

Rid. 14: 8. meahtum āweahte mūÐum slītan haswe blēde.

Rid. 41: 60. swylce ic eom wrāÐre þonne wermōd s$yM, [þe] hēr on hyrstum heasewe stondeÐ.

Ex. 283. Wegas syndon dr$yMge, haswe herestrta.

^{Note 1 in page 193} B. 1593. þæt wæs $yMÐ-geblond eal gemenged brim blōde fāh. Blonden-feaxe gomele ymb gōdne on geador sprcon

B. 1790. DuguÐ eal ārās; wolde blonden-feax beddes nēosan, gamela Scylding.

B. 1872. hruron him tēaras blonden-feaxum.

B. 2961. þr wearÐ OngenÐīow ecgum sweorda blonden-fexa, on bīd wrecen.

Gen. 2600. Ne wiste blondenfeax

Gen. 2340. self ne wēnde, þœt him Sarra, br$yMd blondenfeax, bringan meahte on woruld sunu.

Brun. 44. gylpan ne þorfte beorn blandenfex billgeslihtes.

^{Note 2 in page 193} B. 2614. ond his māgum ætbær brūn-fāgne helm.

Jud. 318. hyrsta sc$yMne, bord and brād swyrd, brūne helmas, d$yMre mādmas.

Rid. 18 : 7. hwīlum ic sweartum swelgan onginne brūnum beaduwpnum.

B. 2577. þæt sīo ecg gewāc brūn on bāne.

B. 1545. Ofsæt þā þone sele-gyst, ond hyre seax getēah brād, brūn-ecg.

Mald. 162. Đā ByrhtnōÐ brd bill of scēÐe, brād and brūneccg [sic]

Ex. 69. wiston him be sūÐan Sigelwara land, forbærned burhhleoÐu, brūne lēode hāte heofoncolum.

Ph. 295. þanne is sē finta fægre ged≤d sum brūn sum basu sum blācum splottum

Ex. 497. feste befarene, flōdblāc here siÐÐan hīe onbugon brūn yppinge

Mid. 88: 9. SiÐÐan mec īsern innanweardne brūn bennade.

Hid. 27: 8. spyrede geneahhe ofer brūnne brerd.

A. 519. sē Ðe brimu bindeÐ, brūne $yMÐa Ð$yMÐ and þēataÐ.

Rid. 61:6 ac mec uhtna gehwām $yMÐ sīo brūne

Met. 28. þā weard ceald weden stearc storma gelāc: stunede sīo brūne $yMÐ wiÐ ōÐre.

Finns. 35. Hræfen wandrode sweart and sealobrūn

A. 1304. oÐ Ðæt sunne gewāt to sete glīdan under niflan næs: niht helmade, brūnwann oferbræd beorgas stēape.

^{Note 1 in page 195} Das Meer in den Dichtungen der Angelsachsen, p. 16.

^{Note 2 in page 195} Ellis, The Colour-sense in Lit., p. 720.

^{Note 3 in page 195} This is very different from the cases in which the Red Sea is merely referred to by name. Cf. Ex. 134; Ps. 105: 8, 9, 18; 135: 13, 15.

^{Note 1 in page 196} Ruin. 9. Oft þ$eEs wāg gebād ræghār and rēadfāh rīce æfter ōþrum ofstanden under stormum.

Gen. 41. þā hē hit geare wiste sinnihte beseald, süsle geinnod, geondfolen fyre and frcyle, rēce and rēade lēge.

Chr. 807. þonne fræwe sculon byrnan on b≤; blac rāsetteÐ recen; rēada lēg rēþe scrīþeÐ.

B. D. D. 149. rēadum līge bi emnes mid þ$yM eal gefylled.

Đonne f$yMren līg blāweÐ and braslaÐ rēad and rēÐe

Wyrde, 46. rēad rēÐe glēd.

Met. 9: 12. gif þæt f$yMr meahte līxan swā lēohte and swā longe ēac rēad rāsettan.

B. D. D. 286. þr bā rendracan synd ælmihtiges godes and betweoh rosena rēade hēapas þær symle scīnaÐ.

þr þ⇛ hwīttra hwyrfÐ mdenhēap, blōstmum behangen, beorhtost wereda.

Ex. 295. nū sē āgend ūp ārrde rēade strēamas in randgebeorh.

Rid. 49: 6. Ryne ongietan rēadan goldes guman galdorcwide

Gen. 2403. gesāwon ofer since salo hlīfian, reced ofer rēadum golde.

Jud. 338. sweord and swātigne helm, swylce ēac sīde byrnan gerēnode rēadum golde.

Dan. 59. berēafodon þā receda wuldor rēadan golde

Met. 18:5. HwæÐer gē willen on wuda sēcan gold þæt rēade on grēnum trēowum?

Rid. 12 : 1. Hrægl is mīn hasofāg, hyrste beorhte rēade and scīre on rēafe [mīnum].

Reden der Seelen. 57. Ne magon þē nū heonon ādōn hyrsta þā rēadan.

Chr. 1101. Ðonne sīo rēade rōd ofer ealle swegle scīneÐ on þre sunnan gyld on þā forhtlīce firenum fordōne swearte syn-wyrcend sorgum wlītaÐ

Ex. 411. wolde slēan eaferan sīnne, unweaxenne ecgum rēodan.

Met. 19: 22. æÐele gimmas hwīte and rēade and hīwa gehwæs.

Rid. 27: 15. Nū þā gerēno and sē rēada telg.

Chr. 1174. Ðā wearÐ bēam monig blōdigum tēarum birunnen under rindum rēade and þicce æp wearÐ to swāte.

Rid. 70: 1. Ic eom rīces ht rēade bew♀d, stīÐ and stēap wong.

Baso, purple or crimson, occurs twice,—once in Dan. 724, baswe bōcstafaa, and once in the Phoenix 296, in describing the bird's tail:

þonne is sē finta fægre ged≤d sum brūn, sum basu, sum blācum splottum.

^{Note 1 in page 197} B. 484. Đonne wæs þēos medo-heal on morgen tīd driht-sele drēor-fāh, þonne dæg līxte, eal benc-belu blōde best$yMmed, heall heoru-drēore.

B. 847. Đr wæs on blōde brim weallende, atol $yMÐa geswing eal gemenged hāton heolfre, heoro-drēore wēol.

B. 446. ac hē mē habban wile d[r]ēore fāhne, gif mec dēaÐ nimeÐ byreÐ blōdig wæl.

B. 934. þonne blōde fāh, hūsa sēlest heoro-drēorig stōd.

B. 1416. wæter under stōd drēorig ond gedrēfed.

Ex. 448. Wron beorhhliu blōde bestēmed, holm heolfre spāw.

Ex. 571. Gesāwon hīe þr wealles standan; ealle him brimu blōdige þūhton

Chr. 934. sunne on blōdes hīw

Chr. 1085. bēacna beorhtast blōde bestēmed

Wald. 153. sē full cāflīce brd of þām beorne blōdigne gār.

^{Note 1 in page 198} B. 2609. hond rond gefēng geolwe linde, gomel swyrd getēah.

B. 438. geolo-rand tō gūÐe

El. 118. gāras ofer geolorand on gramra gemang

Rid. 36: 9. Wyrmas mec ne āwfan wyrda cræftum þā þe geolo godwebb geatwum frætwaÐ.

^{Note 1 in page 200} B. 1949. syÐÐan hīo Offan flet ofer fealone flōd be fæder lāre sīe gesōhte.

A. 420. Lang is þēs sīÐfæt ofer fealuwne flōd

Brum, 35. crēad cnear on flot, cining ūt gewāt, on fealone flōd feorh generode

A. 1536. Wēox wæteres þrym; weras cwānedon, ealde æscberend; wæs him ūt myne flēon fealone strēam.

A. 1588. þr in forlēt flōd fæÐmian, fealewe wgas.

Wand. 45. Đonne onwæcneÐ eft winelēas guma gesihÐ him beforan fealwe wgas

Gnom. II. 51. Storm oft holm gebringeþ geofen in grimmum slum; onginnaÐ grome fundian, fealwe on feorran tō lande.

Bī Monna Crœftum, 53. sum fealone wg stefnan stēoreÐ.

B. 865. on geflit faran, fealwe méaras

B. 916. Hwīlum flītende fealwe strte mēarum mton.

Gen. 2043. þœt meahte wel ghwylc on fyrd wegan, fealwe linde.

Ph. 217. hrēoh ōnetteÐ fealo līg feorme and Fēnix byrneÐ.

Ph. 310. sindon þā scancan scyllum biweaxen fealwe fōtas

Ph. 74. ne fealleÐ Ðr on foldan fealwe blōstman

Rid. 72: 15. and swīora smæl, sīdan fealwe.

Rid. 56: 9. þr wæs hlin and āe and sē hearda īw and sē fealwa holen.

Rid. 16: 1. Hals is mīn hwīt and hēafod fealo.

Mald, 166. fēoll þā tō foldan fealohilte swurd

B. 2163. H$yMrde ic, þæt þm frætwum fēower mēaras lungre gelīce lāst weardode, appel-fealuwe.

^{Note 1 in page 200} Etymologically, gold is, of course, “ the yellow metal.”

^{Note 1 in page 201} Gen. 1517. eorÐe ælgrēne and ēacen feoh

Chr. 1128. eorÐan eal-grēne and ūp-rodor

A. 797. hwā æt frumsceafte furÐum tēode eorÐan eallgrēne and ūpheofon.

Gen. 1453. þā g$yMta dl nigne grēnre eorÐan ofgifen hæfde.

Ph. 154. [g]rēne eorÐan

Gen. 1560. þa him wlitebeorhte wæstmas brōhte, geartorhte gife grēne folde.

Ex. 311. wōd on wægstrēam, wigan on hēape ofer grēnne grund.

Eid. 67: 3. ss mē sind ealle flōdas on fæÐmum and þās foldan bearm, grēne wongas.

GuÐ. 476. Sægde him tō sorge þœt h$yM sigelēase þone grēnan wong of-giefan sceoldan.

Heil. 206. þœl ūs wunian ne mōt wangas grēne foldan frætuwe.

GuÐ. 746. Stōd sē grēna wong in godes wære

Gen. 1655. Gesetton þā Sennar sīdne and wīdne 1657. heora gēardagum, grēne wongas.

Rid. 41: 50. Eom ghwr bridre and wīdgielra þonne þēs wong grēna.

Rid. 13: 1. Fōtum ic fēre, foldan slīte, grēne wongas, þenden ic gsest bere.

Rid. 16: 5. ordum ic steppe in grēne gras.

Gen. 1137. siÐÐan Adam stōp on grēne græs, gāste geweorÐod.

Gen. 116. Folde wæs þā g$yMt, græs ungrēne: gārsecg þeahte, sweart synnihte sīde and wīde wonne wgas. þā ws wuldortorht

heofonweardes gāst ofer holm boren, miclum spēdum. Metod engla hēht, līfes brytta, lēoht forÐ cuman.

Gen. 510. brade synd on worulde grēne geardas and god siteÐ on þām hēhstan heofna rīce

Gen. 1017. forÐon hēo þe hrōÐra oftīhÐ glmes grēne folde.

Gen. 1920. Him þā Loth gewāt land sceawigan be lordane, grēne eorÐan: sēo wæs wætrum weaht and wæstmum þeaht, lagostrēamum lēoht

Ph. 33. sun-bearo līxeÐ wudu-holt wynlic wæstmas ne drēosaÐ beorhte blēde, ac þā bēamas ā grēne stendaÐ swā him god bibēad.

Ph. 78. on þām græs-wonge grēne stondaþ gehroden hyhtlīce hāliges meahtum, beorhtast bearwa.

Gen. 1479. ac hēo land begeat, grēne bearwas.

Ph. 13. þæt is wynsum wong, wealdas grēne

Gen. 841. on þone grēnan weald

Sal. 312. L$yMtle hwīle lēaf bēoÐ grēne.

Met. 19: 5 HwæÐer gē willen on wuda sēcan gold þæt rēade on grēnum trīowum.

Gen. 1472. līÐend brōhte elebēames twig ān tō hande, grēne bldæ.

Dan. 517. oÐ þœt eft cyme grēne blēda

Ex. 280. hū ic sylfa slōh and þēos swiÐre hand grēne tāne gārsecges dēop.

Gen. 2548. Līg eall fornam,

þœt hē grēnes fond goldburgum in.

Ph. 293. hēafod hindan grēne

Ph. 297. sindon þā fiþru hwīt hindan-weard and sē hals grēne nioþo-weard and ufe-weard.

Ps. 141: 4. On þyssum grēnan wege.

C. and S. 286. Gemunau symle on mōde meotodes strengÐo, gearwian ūs tōgenes grēne strte ūp tō englum. A. 775. foldweg trēdan grēne grundas.

Gu. 231. sceoldon wræc-mæcgas ofgiefan gnornende grēne beorgas.

Gnom. 1. 34. Beorh sceal on eorþan grēne standan.

Rid. 22: 9. mē biÐ gongendre grēne on healfe

Met. 11: 57. lēaf grēnian.

^{Note 1 in page 203} The recently discovered O.S. original of the interpolation (ll. 235-858) in the O.E. Genesis, is of course to be credited with all the color-words occurring in that long passage.

^{Note 1 in page 204} Four Anc. Books, i, 374.

^{Note 2 in page 204} Ibid., i, 402.

^{Note 1 in page 205} Yet the rarity of green in most of the O.E. secular poems must be remembered.

^{Note 2 in page 205} Cf. Paul's Grundriss der germ. Phil, II., ii, 237.