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Cervantes and Tieck's Idealism
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 February 2021
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In the development of Ludwig Tieck 1795 and 1796 were decisive years. For several years previous to 1795 Tieck had been giver to a pessimistic and rather negative view of life, according to which human existence seemed to have but little meaning, and poetry, art, and idealism appeared to him to be delusions. While this nihilistic tendency held sway over Tieck's mind not even the works of Goethe, Shakespeare, or Cervantes, which he had read eagerly ever since early boyhood, or his friendship with Wackenroder represented saving forces in his life. William Lovell, Tieck's novel of almost seven hundred pages, adequately reflects the distressed state of his mind during this early period of his life, although the work was written for the most part after the worst throes of his pessimism and despair had spent their force.
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page 1083 note 1 Neither Karl von Berneck nor William Lovell should be counted among the works of this transitional period. The conception of both belongs to a previous era; both represent, in the main, the artistic reproduction of earlier moods, more rarely the actual recurrence of such moods.
page 1084 note 2 The interpretation of Don Quixote at which Tïeck arrived in 1795-96 later became the current romantic attitude toward Cervantes' novel. This attitude, which differed radically from the previous rationalistic understanding of that work, regarded with extravagant and uncritical approval every manifestation of Don Quixote's idealism. Chaisso, for example, in his poem, “Don Quixote,” voices in unmistakable terms this overwrought romantic view (D.N.L., CXLVIII, 120). It was only later, probably under the influence of Goethe's deep insight into the true significance of Cervantes' immortal creation (D.N.L., CXIII, 69), that Tieck recognised fully the foolhardiness of Don Quixote's impetuous attempts to realize his ideals in life immediately and by the employment of quite impractical means. Tieck writes in 1833: “Das, was noch in ihnen [the romances of chivalry] poetisch war, oder jenes Phantastische, was das Unmögliche erstrebte, sowie die schönen Sitten der Ritterzeit, alles Dies durfte der ehrsame Herr Quixada wohl in einem feinen Sinne bewahren, ja sich zu jener adligen Tugend seines eingebildeten Ritters hinan erziehn;—wenn er nicht darauf ausgegangen wäre, diese Fabelwelt in der wirklichen aufzusuchen und in diesem von Sonne und Mond zugleich beschienenen Gemälde den Mittelpunkt und die Hauptfigur selbst zu formiren. . . . . Nun aber zog er aus, alles Das, was ihm begeisternd vorschwebte, selbst zu erleben; jenes unsichtbare Wunder, welches ihn reizte, wollte er mit seinen körperlichen Händen erfassen und als einen Besitz sich aneignen” (“Eine Sommerreise,” Schriften, XXIII, 47). Walzel gives only qualified approval to the first of these two interpretations of Don Quixote by Tieck, i.e., the current romantic conception, when he refers to it as “die allmählich aufdämmernde Erkenntnis, dasz Don Quixote mehr sei als eine Satire gegen überschwenglichkeit, die Vorbereitung einer minder engherzigen Auffassung, als es die der Aufklärung gewesen war.” (JBL, XXV, 1914, II, 749.) Of the second interpretation Walzel says, apparently with more marked concurrence of opinion, “Aber wie Goethe erhebt der alternde Tieck jetzt bei aller Fortdauer der Verehrung von einst im Namen des Realismus Einwände gegen den irrigen und eingeschränkten Idealismus des Ritters von der traurigen Gestalt. Er selbst lernt jetzt aus dem Roman den künstlerischen Realismus, den er für seine Novellen benötigt” (op. cit., p. 750).
page 1086 note 3 Schelling, Sämtliche Werke, Stuttgart und Augsburg, Cotta, V, Abteilung I, 679.
page 1086 note 4 Bertrand, Cervantes et le Romantisme Allemand, Paris, 1914, p. 217.
page 1086 note 5 Allg. deut. Biogr., XXIII, 589.
page 1088 note 6 Görte, Der junte Tieck und die Aufklärung, p. 96.
page 1088 note 7 Tieck was undoubtedly also influenced at this time by the Novelas ejemplares of Cervantes. Cf. Schriften, XXVIII, 5.
page 1088 note 8 Walzel, Deutsche Romantik, I, 23.
page 1089 note 9 All citations from Don Quixote are from the translation by Charles Jarvis, Crissy and Markley, Philadelphia, 1848.
page 1089 note 10 Kummer, Deutsche Literaturgeschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, I, 49.
page 1092 note 11 Ludwig Tieck, Kritische Schriften, II, 256.
page 1093 note 12 All citations from Tieck's works are from Ludwig Tiecks Schriften, Reimer, 1828-46.
page 1093 note 13 Walzel, Deutsche Romntik, I,23.
page 1093 note 14 Huch, Blütezéit der Romntik, p. 125.
page 1093 note 15 Walzel, too (Deutsche Romntik, I, 25), calls this manifestation “Enthusiasmus.”
page 1094 note 16 Sterne, in turn, owes much of his romantic irony to Cervantes. Cf. Cross The Life and Times of Laurence Sterne, I, 128.
page 1097 note 17 Tieck eventually also adopted some of Wackenroder's sublime philosophy of art
page 1097 note 18 Cf. Friedrich von Schlegels sämmtliche Werke, Klang, II, 238.
page 1097 note 19 Görte, Der junge Tieck und die Aufklärung, p. 86: “In Ludwig Tieck hat die innere Reaktion gegen die Erkenntnissicherheit des Rationalismus ein Gefühl der Weltangst hervorgebracht, das er nicht imstande war, dauernd durch eine Religion oder Philosophie vollständig zu meistern.”
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