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William Combe and the Original Letters of the Late Reverend Mr. Laurence Sterne (1788)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

Harlan W. Hamilton*
Affiliation:
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

Extract

Of all the ambiguous publications which for two centuries have muddied the waters of Sterne scholarship, none has given more trouble than a small volume which appeared in 1788 with the title Original Letters of the Late Reverend Mr. Laurence Sterne; Never Before Published. Printed at the Logographic Press and issued without a word of explanation twenty years after Sterne's death, this collection of thirty-nine letters contains material which, if it can be accepted as authentic, is of substantial importance to the biographer of Sterne. Unfortunately, the biographers have never been able to agree on its authenticity.

Type
Research Article
Information
PMLA , Volume 82 , Issue 5 , October 1967 , pp. 420 - 429
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1967

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References

Note 1 in page 420 Works of Laurence Sterne, ed. Wilbur L. Cross (New York, 1904), vi, xxviii.

Note 2 in page 420 Wilbur L. Cross, The Life and Times of Laurence Sterne, 2nd ed. (New Haven, Conn., 1925), ii, 278; cf. 1st ed. (New York, 1909), p. 535. This work is hereafter cited as Life, the edition indicated by date.

Note 3 in page 420 The Shakespeare Head Edition of the Writings of Laurence Sterne (Oxford, 1926–27), v, [195]–293.

Note 4 in page 420 Life (1929), p. 611.

Note 5 in page 420 Life (1925), ii, 278.

Note 6 in page 421 Thomas Frost, The Life of Thomas Lord Lyttelton (London, 1876), p. xv. The original manuscript in Combe's hand, here quoted in a letter from James Cockburn, is now in the Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.

Note 7 in page 421 Lewis P. Curtis, “Forged Letters of Laurence Sterne,” PMLA, l (December 1935), 1076–1106. This article is hereafter cited as “Forged Letters.”

Note 8 in page 421 Franz Montgomery, “The Birth and Parentage of William Combe,” N&Q, clxxx (12 April 1941), 254–257. Montgomery's discovery of the will of Combe's father led him to the Parish Register of St. Alban's, Wood Street, where he found recorded the birth and baptism of William Combe on 25 March and 16 April 1742. St. Alban's Church did not survive World War II; the Parish Register is now preserved in the Guildhall Library.

Note 9 in page 421 The Harmondsworth Parish Register notes the burial of Combe's mother on 8 March 1748; his paternal grandmother and grandfather on 7 Nov. 1753, and 22 Sept. 1755; his father on 29 Oct. 1756. His maternal grandfather, Humphry Hill, died on 24 March 1740, according to the Registers of Burials of the Quarterly Meeting of London and Middlesex, 1700–1749 at Friends' House Library. Combe's godfather and guardian, Alderman William Alexander, was buried on 30 Sept. 1762, according to the St. Alban's Parish Register. It is not known when his maternal grandmother died.

Note 10 in page 422 Letters of Laurence Sterne, ed. Lewis Perry Curtis (Oxford, 1935), p. 213. This work is hereafter cited as Letters.

Note 11 in page 422 Henry Crabb Robinson on Books and Their Writers, ed. Edith J. Morley (London, 1938), p. 12.

Note 12 in page 422 Henry Crabb Robinson, Diary, typescript of the manuscript in Dr. Williams' Library, Gordon Square, London, v, 190.

Note 13 in page 423 [Stanley Morison], The History of The Times, Vol. i, “The Thunderer” in the Making (London, 1935), pp. 3–15. The Times announced the closing of the Logographic Bookstore at 169 Piccadilly on 13 January 1792; the last issue of the paper to carry the phrase “Printed Logographically” was that of 9 February 1792.

Note 14 in page 423 King's Bench Commitment Book, No. 10 (Public Record Office), s.v., Combe. The date of his formal discharge is given as 25 May 1787.

Note 15 in page 423 “The Woman of the Town,” 6 Nov.; “Thoughts on Marriage,” 5 Dec.; “An Observation Relating to the Commercial Treaty with France,” 8 Dec.; “A Sentime6ntal Fragment,” 28 Dec.; “Flirtilla: A Living Character,” 3 Jan.; “A Rhapsody to Eliza,” 4 Jan.; “Sketch of a Weil-Known Man of Fashion,” 31 Jan.

Note 16 in page 423 The Dublin edition (1790) carries the following statement on the title page: “Carefully Revised, Corrected, and Continued to the Year 1789, by Mr. Coombe.” The London edition, like everything else written or edited by Combe and published during his lifetime, was anonymous.

Note 17 in page 423 These installments appeared on 20 and 29 June, 4 July, 1 and 15 Aug., and 8 Sept. 1787.

Note 18 in page 424 Curtis has noted the discrepancy between the phrase “Never Before Published” in the title page of the Original Letters and the fact that thirty of the items had already been published in the European Magazine (“Forged Letters,” p. 1091). The phrase seems to have been an inept abbreviation of the accurate statement in the advertisement; the letters had not previously been printed in any collected edition of Sterne's works, and the 1788 volume has the size and format of the 1780 edition.

Note 19 in page 424 The existence of this earlier list was first noted by Franz Montgomery in his dissertation on William Combe (Univ. of Minnesota, 1938).

Note 20 in page 424 Curtis gives a full account of Combe's use of this theme, tracing its origin to a letter now surviving in Sterne's handwriting. See “Forged Letters,” pp. 1092–94, and Letters, p. 360.

Note 21 in page 425 Sterne once alludes to the image in Tristram Shandy, altering it slightly to avoid the commonplace scare-crow: Do stop that death-looking, long-striding scoundrel of a scare-sinner, who is posting after me” (i, vi).

Note 22 in page 427 The York Courant, 26 June 1764, announces Sterne's arrival in York on Saturday, 23 June (Letters, p. 216).

Note 23 in page 427 Thomas Scrope and William Hewett were both members of Hall-Stevenson's set of friends called the Demoniacs. Sterne, and possibly Combe also, had met them at Skelton. See Cross, Life (1929), pp. 130–137, and Curtis, Letters, pp. 249, n. 8, and 202, n. 3.

Note 24 in page 427 “Lynford Caryl appears as Sterne's tutor on 27 Jan. and 17 Feb. 1734/5. On these dates he signed the MS book at Jesus College called ‘My Lord of Yorke's Statutes’ (numbered TRU.3.1 in the archives of the College). This book is the official record of the scholarship established by Archbishop Richard Sterne in 1673. After the book lays out the rules of the scholarship, the pages are taken up with entries of the names of the scholars as they draw out sums of money. Each of these entries was countersigned by the tutor of the scholar. So we know that during this brief period of the first months of 1734/5, Caryl was Sterne's tutor.” (Letter to the author from Arthur H. Cash of Colorado State Univ., 28 February 1966. Cash discovered the record with the assistance of Mrs. Freda Jones, Archivist of Jesus College.)

Note 25 in page 427 The device is still known in Yorkshire, though not regarded as effective protection from the birds. By turning a notched wheel under a ratchet, it would make a great clatter which might well give Sterne the headache complained of in this letter. Nor is the date, 5 August, inconsistent with ripening cherries, though Combe's experience in the South of England would lead him to expect them in June. Cherries—some cherries, at any rate—do ripen in Yorkshire during the first week in August. At Newton-upon-Ouse, eleven miles from Coxwold, cherries were beginning to turn red on 1 August 1966.

Note 26 in page 427 Sterne's Letters to His Friends on Various Occasions (London, 1775), p. 26.

Note 27 in page 428 Horace Smith, Memoirs, Letters, and Comic Miscellanies in Prose and Verse of the late James Smith, Esq. (London, 1840), i, 20, n.

Note 28 in page 429 Pic Nic, 5 March 1803.