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The Origin of the German Word Ehre ‘Honor‘

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

Gustav Must
Gustav Must*
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut, Storrs
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Extract

Special interest in the German word Ehre was aroused forty years ago when Gustav Ehrismann dealt with Middle High German ere as one of the three cardinal virtues of the age of chivalry (“Die Grundlagen des ritterlichen Tugendsystems,” Zeitschrift für deutsches Alter-tum, LVI, 1919, 137–216). Since then this word has been repeatedly discussed by scholars, e.g., by E. R. Curtius (who opposed Ehrismann's views), Elisabeth Karg-Gasterstädt (in her detailed semantic study of the word in Old High German), Friedrich Maurer (in his investigations of the word in Middle High German), Eduard Neumann, and others. The same topic has also been dealt with in several dissertations, e.g., by Hildegard Emmel and by Frederik Mos-selmann.“ Recently monographs by Hans Reiner and by George Fenwick Jones have dealt with the concept of honor.

Type
Research Article
Information
PMLA , Volume 76 , Issue 4-Part1 , September 1961 , pp. 326 - 329
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1961

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References

Note 1 in page 326 “Das ritterliche Tugendsystem,” Deutsche Vierteljahrs-schrift für Literaturwissenschaft una Geistesgesckichte, xxi (1943), 343 ff.

Note 2 in page 326 “Ehre und Ruhm im Althochdeutschen,” Beitrdge zur Geschichte der deulschen Sprache und Literatur, LXX (1948), 308–331.

Note 3 in page 326 “Das ritterliche Tugendsystem,” Deutsche Vierteljahrs-schrifl…, xxiii (1949), 274–287; “Zum ritterlichen Tugendsystem”,“ ibid., xxiv (1950), 526–529; Leid, Studien zur Bedeutungs- und Problemgeschichte (Bern und München, 1951), pp. 255, 280 f.

Note 4 in page 326 “Der Streit um, idas ritterliche Tugendsystem”,“ Erbe der Vergangenheit, Feslgabe für Karl Helm… 1951 (Tubingen, 1951), pp. 137–155.

Note 5 in page 326 Das Verhdlinis von ere und triuwe im Nibelungenlied und bei Hartmann und Wolfram (Frankfurt a. M., 1936).

Note 6 in page 326 Der Wortschatz Gottfrieds von Strassburg ('sGravenhage, 1953).

Note 7 in page 326 Die Ehre (Dortmund, 1956).

Note 8 in page 326 Honor in German Literature (Chapel Hill, 1959).

Note 9 in page 326 H. S. Falk and Alf Torp, Norwegisch-ddnisches ety-mologisches Worterbuch (Heidelberg, 1910–11), s.v.; Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (Lund, 1948), s. v.

Note 10 in page 326 E. G. Graff, Allhochdeutscher Sprachschatz oder Worterbuch der althochdeutschen Sprache, I (Berlin, 1834), col. 441 ff.

Note 11 in page 326 Edward H. Sehrt, Vollsidndiges Worterbuch zum Heliand und zur altsdchsischen Genesis (Gôttingen, 1925), s. v.

Note 12 in page 326 Joseph Bosworth, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (London, 1898), s. v.

Note 13 in page 326 Richard Cleasby and Gudbrand Vigfusson, An Icelandic-English Dictionary (2nd ed., Oxford, 1957), s. v.; Sigfus Blondal, Islandsk-dansk ordbog (Reykjavik, 1920–22), s. v.

Note 14 in page 326 J. Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Worterbuch (Bern und Miinchen, 1959), s. v. ais-.

Note 15 in page 327 Georges Dottin, La langue gauloise (Paris, 1920), p. 60.

Note 16 in page 327 Gustav Must, “A Gaulish Incantation in Marcellus of Bordeaux,” Language, xxxvi (1960), 193 ff.

Note 17 in page 327 Emil Vetter, Handbuch der italischen Dialekte, i (Heidelberg, 1953), p. 282.

Note 18 in page 327 E. Vetter, p. 362.

Note 19 in page 327 Glotta, xxx (1943), 88.

Note 20 in page 327 See, e.g., Friedrich von der Leyen, Die Gotter der Ger-manen (München, 1938), pp. 79 ff.; Jan de Vries, Altger-manische Religionsgeschichte, i (2nd ed., Berlin, 1956), 134 ff., ii (2nd éd., Berlin, 1957), 288 ff.

Note 21 in page 327 Pairs of masculine and feminine forms of the same divine name are well known from Germanic religion, e.g., the name of the goddess Freyja corresponding to that of the god Freyr. Such pairs occur also in Celtic, e.g., a god Artaios and a goddess Artio (J. A. MacCulloch, The Celtic and Scandinavian Religions, New York, 1948, p. 18).

Note 22 in page 327 M. Schônfeld, Worterbuch der altgermanischen Personen-und V“olkernamen (Heidelberg, 1911), p. 5.

Note 23 in page 327 Oskar Schade, Alldeutsches Wörterbuch (Halle, 1872–82), p. 144.

Note 24 in page 327 E. H. Sehrt, Vollsl. Worterbuch mm Eeliand u. zur alt-sdchs. Genesis, s. v.

Note 25 in page 327 J. Bosworth, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, s. v.

Note 26 in page 327 R. Cleasby & G. Vigfusson, An Icelandic-English Dictionary (2nd éd.), s. v.

Note 27 in page 328 While the denominal verbs in -Ån are usually derived from feminine nouns in -Å, they can also be derived from other stems, cf. Goth, sidÅn ‘üben’ from sidus, grēdÅn ‘hun-gern’ from grēdus, fiskôn from fisks, etc.

Note 28 in page 328 P. Kretschmer, Glotta, x (1919), 154; A. Walde and J. B. Hofmann, Lateinisches etymologisches Worterbuch (Heidelberg, 1954), p. 753.

Note 29 in page 328 Deutsches Wörterbuch, iii (Leipzig, 1862), s. v. Ehre.

Note 30 in page 328 BGDSL, LXX (1948), 313.

Note 31 in page 328 F. Maurer, Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift, xxiv (1950), 526.

Note 32 in page 328 E. Karg-Gasterstâdt, op. cit., 313 f.

Note 33 in page 329 E. g., in late 12th-century Psalms (see Nils Törnquist, “Cod. Pal. Vind. 2682,” Lunder Germanistische Forschungen, iii (1934), 3, and xxvi (1953), s. v. êre) and in the 13th- and 14th-century translations of the Benedictine Rules (see Carl Selmer, ed., Middle High German Translations of the Régula Sancti Benedicti [The Mediaeval Academy of America, Publication No. 17, Cambridge, Mass., 1933], pp. 338, 48, 129, 167, 206, 279).

Note 34 in page 329 Gottfried Grunewald, “Die Mittelniederdeutschen Ab-straktsutHxe,” Lunder Germanistische Forschungen, XIII (1944), 113.

Note 35 in page 329 See Gertraud Midler, “Zu Friedrich Maurer, Leid, S. 255 Anm. 179 und S. 280 f.,” BGDSL, LXXTV (1952), 310 f.

Note 36 in page 329 See the analysis in G. F. Jones, op. cit., pp. 149 ff.

Note 37 in page 329 H. Reiner, Die Ehre, pp. 47–50.