Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T02:04:42.509Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Music, Delivery, and the Rhetoric of Memory in Guillaume de Machaut's Remède de Fortune

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Jody Enders
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Recent work on the momentous implications of mouvance and on the fluidity of genres in medieval literature has only begun to excavate the wealth of extant commentaries on the interplay during performance of rhetoric, poetry, music, dance, and drama in early cultures. Even today, Guillaume de Machaut's fourteenth-century Remède de Fortune offers compelling testimony about the generative and regenerative harmony between images and speech—themselves engendered and preserved by that most egregiously neglected rhetorical canon memoria. Long cited by poets, musicians, rhetoricians, and dramatists as crucial to their arts, mnemonics constitutes a complex epistemological framework by which to restore the lost dynamism to a literary corpus—lyric poetry—that enacted each of those arts. As the conceptual precursor to literary invention, memory collapses our current distinctions between seeing, saying, and singing, between visual, virtual, and actual performances, thus assisting us in revising our conceptions not only of performance but of genre as well.

Type
1. Writing Performance: Harmony, Silence, Noise
Information
PMLA , Volume 107 , Issue 3: Special Topic: On Poetry , May 1992 , pp. 450 - 464
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Aristotle. De anima. Trans. W. S. Hett. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1935.Google Scholar
Augustine. Confessions. Trans. Watts, William. Vol. 2. London: Heinemann, 1912.Google Scholar
Aurelianus Reomensis [Aurelian of Réôme]. Musica disciplina. Ed. Gushee, Lawrence. Corpus scriptorum de musica 21. Rome: Amer. Inst, of Musicology, 1975.Google Scholar
Berger, Carol. “The Hand and the Art of Memory.” Musica Disciplina 35 (1981): 87–120.Google Scholar
Bloch, R. Howard. Medieval French Literature and Law. Berkeley: U of California P, 1977.Google Scholar
Bower, Calvin M. “The Grammatical Model of Musical Understanding in the Middle Ages.” Medieval Acad. Convention. Albuquerque, 18 Apr. 1986.Google Scholar
Brownlee, Kevin. Poetic Identity in Guillaume de Machaut. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1984.Google Scholar
Calin, William. A Poet at the Fountain: Essays on the Narrative Verse of Guillaume de Machaut. Lexington: French Forum, 1974.Google Scholar
Caplan, Harry. Of Eloquence: Studies in Ancient and Mediaeval Rhetoric. Ed. King, Anne and North, Helen. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1970.Google Scholar
Carruthers, Mary. The Book of Memory. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990.Google Scholar
Cerquiglini, Jacqueline. “Un engin si soutil”: Guillaume de Machaut et l'écriture du XIVe siècle. Paris: Champion, 1985.Google Scholar
Cicero. De oratore. Trans. Sutton, E. W. and Rackham, H. 2 vols. 1942. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1976.Google Scholar
[Cicero]. Ad C. Herennium. Trans. Harry Caplan. 1954. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1977.Google Scholar
Clanchy, M. T. From Memory to Written Record in England, 1066–1307. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1979.Google Scholar
Delachenal, Roland. Histoire des avocats au Parlement de Paris (1300–1600). Paris: Plon, 1885.Google Scholar
Deschamps, Eustache. L'art dedictier. Œuvres complètes. Ed. Queux de Saint-Hilaire, A. and Raynaud, Gaston. Vol. 7. Société des anciens textes français. Paris: Firmin Didot, 1891. 266–92. 11 vols. 1878–1903.Google Scholar
Durand, Gilbert. Les structures anthropologiques de l'imaginaire. Paris: PUF, 1960.Google Scholar
Eden, Kathy. Poetic and Legat Fiction in the Aristotelian Tradition. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enders, Jody. Rhetoric and Origins of Medieval Drama. Ithaca: Cornell UP, May 1992.Google Scholar
Enders, Jody. “Visions with Voices: The Rhetoric of Memory and Music in Liturgical Drama.” Comparative Drama 24 (1990): 34–54.Google Scholar
Foley, John Miles. The Theory of Oral Composition: History and Methodology. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1989.Google Scholar
France, Peter. Rhetoric and Truth in France. Oxford: Clarendon–Oxford UP, 1972.Google Scholar
Frye, Northrop. Anatomy of Criticism. 1957. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1973.Google Scholar
Geoffrey of Vinsauf. Poetria nova. The Poetria nova and Its Sources in Early Rhetorical Doctrine. Ed. and trans. Gallo, Ernest. The Hague: Mouton, 1971.Google Scholar
Gumpel, K. W. “Musica cum rhetorica: Die Handschrift Ripoli 42.” Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 35 (1979): 57–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagen, Susan. Allegorical Remembrance: A Study of The Pilgrimage of the Life of Man as a Medieval Treatise on Seeing and Remembering. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1990.Google Scholar
Hajdu, Helga. Das mnemotechnische Schrifttum des Mittelalters. Vienna: Leo, 1936.Google Scholar
Hajnal, Istvan. L'enseignement de l'écriture aux universités médiévales. Budapest: Academia Scientiarum Hungarica Budapestini, 1954.Google Scholar
Havelock, Eric A. The Muse Learns to Write. New Haven: Yale UP, 1986.Google Scholar
Hollander, John. The Untuning of the Sky: Ideas of Music in English Poetry, 1500–1700. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1961.Google Scholar
Huot, Sylvia. From Song to Book: The Poetics of Writing in Old French Lyric and Lyrical Narrative Poetry. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isidore of Seville. Etymologiarum sive originum libri XX. Ed. Lindsay, W. M. 2 vols. 1911. London: Oxford UP, 1962.Google Scholar
Jauss, Hans-Robert. “Littérature médiévale et théorie des genres.” Poétique 1 (1970): 79–101.Google Scholar
John of Salisbury. The Metalogicon. Trans. McGarry, Daniel. Berkeley: U of California P, 1962.Google Scholar
Kelly, Douglas. Medieval Imagination: Rhetoric and the Poetry of Courtly Love. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1978.Google Scholar
Kennedy, George. Classical Rhetoric and Its Christian and Secular Tradition from Ancient to Modern Times. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1980.Google Scholar
Kibler, William W., trans. Le remède de Fortune. By Guillaume de Machaut. Guillaume de Machaut: Le jugement du roy de Behaigne and Remède de Fortune. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1987. 167–415.Google Scholar
Longinus. “On the Sublime.” Trans. Fyfe, W. Hamilton. Aristotle, Longinus, Demetrius. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1927. 119–254.Google Scholar
Lord, Albert. The Singer of Tales. Harvard Studies in Comparative Literature 24. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1960.Google Scholar
Lucian of Samosata. “A Professor of Public Speaking.” Works. Vol. 4. 1925. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1969. 133–13.Google Scholar
MacClintock, Carol. “Molinet, Music, and Medieval Rhetoric.” Musica Disciplina 13 (1959): 109–10.Google Scholar
Machaut, Guillaume de. Œuvres. Ed. Hoepffner, Ernest. 3 vols. Société des anciens textes français. Paris: Finnin Didot, 1908–21.Google Scholar
Capella, Martianus. De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii. Ed. Dick, Adolfus. 1925. Stuttgart: Teubner, 1969.Google Scholar
McClelland, John. “Pontus de Tyard on Writing Poetry and Music.” Australian Journal of French Studies 17 (1980): 30–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLuhan, Marshall. The Gutenberg Galaxy. 1962. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1967.Google Scholar
Murphy, James J. Medieval Rhetoric: A Select Bibliography. 2nd ed. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, James J. Rhetoric in the Middle Ages. Berkeley: U of California P, 1974.Google Scholar
Muscatine, Charles. “The Emergence of Psychological Allegory in Old French Romance.” PMLA 68 (1953): 1160–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musica et scolica enchiriadis. Ed. Schmid, H. Veröffentlichungen der musikhistorischen Kommission 3. München: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1981.Google Scholar
Ong, Walter J. Orality and Literacy. New York: Methuen, 1982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ong, Walter J. Rhetoric, Romance, and Technology: Studies in the Interaction of Expression and Culture. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1971.Google Scholar
Pack, Roger A. “An Ars Memorativa from the Late Middle Ages.” Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge 46 (1979): 221–22.Google Scholar
Parker, Ian. “The Performance of Troubadour and Trouvère Songs: Some Facts and Conjectures.” Early Music 5 (1977): 184–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parry, Milman. “Studies in the Technique of Oral Verse-Making.” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 41 (1930): 73–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plato. Phaedrus. Trans. Hackforth, R. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1972.Google Scholar
Plato. Theaetetus. Trans. Francis MacDonald Cornford. 1957. Indianapolis: Bobbs, 1977.Google Scholar
Quilligan, Maureen. The Language of Allegory: Defining the Genre. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1979.Google Scholar
Quintilian. Institutio oratoria. Trans. Butler, H. E. 4 vols. 1920. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1969.Google Scholar
Saenger, Paul. “Silent Reading: The Impact on Late Medieval Script and Society.” Viator 13 (1982): 367–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seneca the Elder. Controversiae. Trans. M. Winterbottom. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1974.Google Scholar
Stevens, John. Words and Music in the Middle Ages: Song, Narrative, Dance and Drama, 1050–1350. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1986.Google Scholar
Stock, Brian. Implications of Literacy: Written Language and Models of Interpretation in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1983.Google Scholar
Switten, Margaret. “Guillaume de Machaut's Remède de Fortune: Intersection of Old and New.” Newberry Library. Chicago, 10 Jan. 1989.Google Scholar
Switten, Margaret. “Text and Melody in Peirol's Cansos.” PMLA 76 (1961): 320–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treitler, Leo. “Oral, Written, and Literate Process in the Transmission of Medieval Music.” Speculum 56 (1981): 471–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treitler, Leo. “Reading and Singing: On the Genesis of Occidental Musical Writing.” Early Music History 4 (1985): 135–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treitler, Leo, and Jonsson, Ritva. “Medieval Music and Language: A Reconsideration of the Relationship.” Music and Language. Studies in the History of Music 1. New York: Broude, 1983. 1–23.Google Scholar
Tuve, Rosemond. Allegorical Imagery: Some Mediaeval Books and Their Posterity. 1966. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1977.Google Scholar
Vance, Eugene. “Roland and the Poetics of Memory.” Textual Strategies. Ed. Harrari, Josué. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1979. 374–403.Google Scholar
Ward, John O. “From Antiquity to the Renaissance: Glosses and Commentaries on Cicero's Rhetorical Medieval Eloquence: Studies in the Theory and Practice of Medieval Rhetoric. Ed. Murphy, James J. Berkeley: U of California P, 1978. 25–67.Google Scholar
Welch, Kathleen. “Ideology and Freshman Textbook Production: The Place of Theory in Writing Pedagogy.” College Composition and Communication 38 (1987): 269–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werf, Werf Hendrik van. The Chansons of the Troubadours and Trouvères: A Study of the Melodies and Their Relation to the Poems. Utrecht: Oosthoek, 1972.Google Scholar
Winn, James Anderson. Unsuspected Eloquence: A History of the Relations between Poetry and Music. New Haven: Yale UP, 1981.Google Scholar
Woods, Marjorie Curry. “Teaching the Tropes: The Theory of Metaphoric Transference in School Commentaries on the Poetria nova.” MLA Convention. New Orleans, 28 Dec. 1988.Google Scholar
Yates, Frances A. The Art of Memory. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1966.Google Scholar
Zink, Michel. “The Allegorical Poem as Interior Memoir.” Yale French Studies 70 (1986): 100–10.Google Scholar
Zumthor, Paul. Essai de poétique médiévale. Paris: Seuil, 1972.Google Scholar
Zumthor, Paul. La lettre et la voix de la “littérature” médiévale. Paris: Seuil, 1987.Google Scholar
Zumthor, Paul. La poésie et la voix dans la civilisation médiévale. Paris: PUF, 1984.Google Scholar
Zumthor, Paul, and Roy, Bruno, eds. Jeux de mémoire: Aspects de la mnémotechnie médiévale. Montréal: PU de Montréal, 1985.Google Scholar