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Molière's Theater in 1672–1673: Light from le Registre d'Hubert

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

William Leonard Schwartz*
Affiliation:
Stanford University

Extract

Le Registre d'Hubert is the only known document concerning Molière and his theater which has not yet been the subject of the most careful study. It is the book of accounts kept by the treasurer of the Palais Royal theater for 1672–73, preserved in the archives of the Comédie-Française since its foundation. I have been able to make a leisurely examination of this Registre, and I am presenting in this place all the items found in Hubert's records that are of interest to the historian of the French stage.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1941

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References

Note 1 in page 395 Thanks to the generosity of the Conseil d'Administration of the Comédie-Française and the courtesy of M. Jean Monval, librarian and keeper of the archives, I was allowed to secure a photographic copy of Le Registre d'Hubert, subsequently deposited in the Stanford University Library. A description of the extant Registres of Molière's theater for 1663 and 1664, and a comprehensive investigation of the latter, will be found in my paper, “Light on Molière in 1664, from Le Second Registre de La Thorillière,” published in PMLA, liii, iv (1938), 1058–75.

Note 2 in page 395 Cf. Ed. Thierry, Documents sur le Malade imaginaire, p. 40 and G. Monval, Premier Registre de La Thorillière, pp. iii–iv.

Note 3 in page 397 Despois, loc. cit., reports 944 spectators on November 20. However, this total is erroneous, though the correct figure of 514 is quoted for the parterre.

Note 4 in page 397 These reports of tickets sold may correspond closely to the actual number of spectators in the audience, since Hubert's accounts indicate that members of the company could not give passes to their friends. At least, I find on December 23 (p. 97): “Billets de la troupe, 1 livre, 10s,”; December 27 (p. 98): “Billets D'acteurs ... 611 10s,” and a charge against La Thorillière for the full price of three best seats; March 19 (p. 130): “Deub trois places par Mr Dela Thorilliere de 1611 10s.” But authors were admitted free to the stage.

Note 5 in page 399 Ticket sales, column I, stage seats; II, private boxes; III, lower box seats; IV, parterre; V, total, estimating eight in each private box. I have no room to give figures for the amphitheater, loges hautes and loges du 3e rang, the middle group of Molière's patrons. Femmes Savantes (13 perfs. in all)

IIIIIIIVV
FridayApril 294210316374
SundayMay 1(stage & boxes, 35)403515
TuesdayMay 37114228331
FridayMay 6004271352
SundayMay 816033373537
TuesdayMay 10602180241
FridayMay 13404155221
SundayMay 158114289429

Cf. also, for attendance at two later revivals, notes 47 and 60.

Note 6 in page 400 Magne, Images de Paris sous Louis XIV, p. 46: “Ce compte, ou plutôt, comme on disait alors, ces ”parties,“ arrêtées, signées et réglées le 1er février 1672 montaient à 33 livres, 12 sols 6 deniers, soit à environ 500 francs de notre monnaie.” In 1936, P. Mélèse assigned a lower value to our franc: “La livre valait approximativement 26 franc actuels.” Donneau de Visé, p. 51n.

Note 7 in page 401 Premier Registre de La Thorilliere, p. vi—Of course, the item pauures is not a tax, it covers charities. In Le Registre d'Hubert there are no gifts reported to the Capucins, the firemen of the period, common as such payments are in the accounts of 1663–64.

Note 8 in page 401 May 31, p. 15, Hubert writes: “Raporté dix huict liures que jauois a la Compagnie qui ont esté donnez a Crosnier pour recompense des peines qu'il a prises a Psiché et de sa Chandelle.” On October 4, the company helped him to settle a very old debt for a suit of clothes. Hubert's entry reads: “Raporté dix liures dix solz que jauois a la Compagnie auec cent quinze solz qui ont esté donnez a François pour acheuer de payer lhabit quil a liuré a Crosnier dez lannée passée 1671.”

Note 9 in page 402 Hubert's accounts preserve the names of other actors who adopted this means of saving or repaying debts:

May 10, p. 6: Mr De Beauual a retiré cinq parts pour Mr De Moliere.

May 20, p. 10: Commencé a retirer Vne demie par sur Mademoiselle De la Villaubrun ... pour Monsr De Moliere.—These savings began three days after the death of Geneviève Béjart's first husband and were perhaps intended to repay some expenses of the funeral.

June 17, p. 20: Monsieur De la Thorilliere a commancé a retirer aujourdhuy pour Mr De Villiers.

June 26, p. 25: Mr Baron a commancé ce jourdhuy a retirer sa part entiere.—This item is misinterpreted in Monval's Chronologie, p. 238, where it becomes:

“Baron à part entière.”

July 12, p. 32: Retiré aujourdhuy pour Mlle Delagrange dix liures dix sols.

January 10, p. 104: Mademoiselle Aubry (i.e. Geneviève Bejart) a commancé aujourdhuy a retirer sa part entiere.

10 According to Thierry's Documents sur le Malade imaginaire, p. 67, he was 28 in 1672. In Molière's first years at Paris, as we know from La Grange, the company performed occasionally at his mother's mansion. Soulié found that she was a customer of Molière's father.

11 La Grange, Registre, p. 129.

Note 12 in page 404 Tartufe, four performances in all, see note 24.

TuesdayMay17208292380
FridayMay204114214303
SundayMay22405164238

Note 13 in page 406 Bourgeois Gentilhomme, ten performances, see notes 30, 43.

TuesdayMay244114429671
FridayMay271004244364
SundayMay296016278479

Note 14 in page 406 Pourceaugnac, June 7–12, 3 nights, Escarbagnas & Mariage forcé, 14 nights, July 8–August 7, Bourgeois Gentilhomme, 4, August 14–21, Fâcheux, 3, August 30–September 4, Pourceaugnac, 2, September 9 & 11, Bourgeois Gentilhomme, 3, September 27–October 2, Fâcheux, October 4.

Note 15 in page 405 Cf. Thierry's Documents, p. 271, where Barbier's bill for supplies to the value of 95 livres will be found.

Note 16 in page 405 L'Avare, billed five times for eight performances, see notes 23, 32, 40, 46.

TuesdayMay31(Stage and boxes)5182229
FridayJune31017172246

Note 17 in page 406 Little is known about the veteran Chasteauneuf. He and his small daughter are mentioned in La Thorillière's Registres of '63 and '64, and he was cast as Lycas at Court in Psyché. Hubert's other entries which concern Chasteauneuf show him as a trustworthy messenger, familiar with the use of arms. Cf. p. 9: “a Chasteau neuf pour Vn Voyage a St Germain ... 411 10s,” p. 36: “Pour Vne lame despée a Chasteauneuf ... 411 10s,” p. 68: “A Chasteau neuf pour Vn Voyage a S' Germain ... 611,” p. 100: “a Mr de Chasteauneuf Pour Vn pistolet ... 311.”

Note 18 in page 407 Monsieur de Pourceaugnac was played five times, see n. 36.

TuesdayJune7204217336
FridayJune10707160220
SundayJune12202137204

Note 19 in page 407 Le Misanthrope had seven performances, see notes 45, 49, 51, 63.

TuesdayJune14209114174

Note 20 in page 407 This double bill was only offered three times, see note 38.

FridayJune17009162218
SundayJune192010164238

Note 21 in page 407 Amphitryon, six performances, see note 41.

TuesdayJune21019220317
FridayJune24208231310
SundayJune26203152227

Note 22 in page 408 Sganarelle was given once with L'Ecole des Maris, see note 33.

TuesdayJune2800099132

FridayJuly1009100145
SundayJuly3105140196

TuesdayJulyS2010132175

Note 25 in page 408 La Comtesse had 19 performances as a double bill, see notes 44, 50, 64. Le Manage forcé was not played again.

FridayJuly8 (double tariffs)10033189291
SundayJuly10628124194
TuesdayJuly128024114194
FridayJuly156114103175
SundayJuly17 (ordinary tariff)12122459687
TuesdayJuly19625304402
FridayJuly223020346462
SundayJuly2430036387608
TuesdayJuly262014176280
FridayJuly290111160254
SundayJuly318020203334
TuesdayAugust2(stage & boxes) 13129188
FridayAugust5406105151
SundayAugust7710152230

Note 26 in page 410 Forestier is mentioned by La Grange, in his statement concerning the production of Psyché in 1671, as having sung: “sur le Theatre à visage descouuert, habillez comme les Comediens.” I have seen no other mention of Le Roy.

Note 27 in page 410 It is clear from the “Mémoire de la besogne de serrurie of Jacques du Rivet,” published in Thierry's Documents, pp. 121–135, that this kind of smith specialized in the forging of bolts, hinges, angle irons, and even gratings.

Note 28 in page 411 Thierry lists a Mme. Vagnard among the creditors paid by La Grange at the liquidation of the Palais Royal, but her receipted bill had been lost. See Documents, p. 57.

Note 29 in page 411 G. Monval, Premier Registre de La Thorillière, p. 53, suggested that this person was Daniel Mallet, a dancer engaged by the Illustre Théâtre, June 28, 1644.

SundayAugust14606164279
TuesdayAugust16517178289
FridayAugust19302121191
SundayAugust21610165252

Note 31 in page 412 The name of Romain Toubel, bourgeois de Paris, appears in Soulié's Recherches sur Molière, pp. 254–255, as that of an agent of Madeleine Béjart in a loan transaction, dated August 16, 1671. It is he, I presume, who is named on February 5, 1673, on p. 115 of Hubert's Registre: “Donné a Toubel pour aller a St Germain ... 311.”

Tuesday August23803102143

Sunday August28 (not repeated)10020243347

Note 34 in page 413 Les Fâcheux had five performances, including one with La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas, see n. 44 and 64.

TuesdayAugust305015194297
FridaySeptember25020184263
SundaySeptember46018154219

Note 35 in page 413 L'Etourdi, two performances, see n. 39.

TuesdaySeptember6205138171

FridaySeptember910018153257
SundaySeptember1112112194319

Note 37 in page 413 The singer is named twice in the accounts of Psyché, November 11, January 6; p. 79: “Frais extraordinaires a Mlle Turpin ... 2ll 5s,” p. 102: “Pour Vne coeffure a la petite Turpin du Mariage forcé ... 7ll 10s.”

TuesdaySeptember13405131196

FridaySeptember16008102138

SundaySeptember1815028232390

TuesdaySeptember209020201304
FridaySeptember231010158249
SundaySeptember254024230398

Note 42 in page 414 Georges Monval, op. cit. p. 242 entered this item from Hubert as follows: “V. 23 (septembre). A Versailles: l'Avare,” but the proposed date conflicts with p. 60 of the book of accounts.

TuesdaySeptember273022203319
FridaySeptember30(stage & boxes)8146218
SundayOctober22123219352

TuesdayOctober40016154219

FridayOctober73012196260
SundayOctober9715292475

FridayOctober147119199291
SundayOctober169026285459

TuesdayOctober1810221223376
FridayOctober2111022227335
SundayOctober2310019304457

Note 48 in page 416 These savings were apparently discontinued during the profitable run of Psyché, on January 15. See p. 106.

TuesdayOctober25 (with Baron?)14127195339
FridayOctober2820142399644
SundayOctober3010225257413

FridayNovember4811093174
SundayNovember6415340487

TuesdayNovember8406109175

FridayNovember1132140482872
SundayNovember1320120473888
TuesdayNovember1520125392709
FridayNovember188112380662
SundayNovember2016118514925
TuesdayNovember2214126296609
FridayNovember256118381711
SundayNovember278129432743
TuesdayNovember297120245493
FridayDecember21015320539
SundayDecember416129407726
TuesdayDecember6918348655
FridayDecember910127243514
SundayDecember1112120344704
TuesdayDecember13609285538
FridayDecember168118226502
SundayDecember188015324609
TuesdayDecember2010014194386
FridayDecember2311211232501
“On n'a point joue dimanche dernier acause de la feste de Noel.”
TuesdayDecember2730331438816
FridayDecember308011280602
SundayJanuary1, 167318213273581
TuesdayJanuary316020406781
FridayJanuary630414380821
SundayJanuary816324351694
TuesdayJanuary109220227537
FridayJanuary138212350704
SundayJanuary1516114374752
TuesdayJanuary178216227521
FridayJanuary204112233497
SundayJanuary2210020341653

Note 53 in page 419 Despois, Le Théâtre Français sous Louis XIV, Livre ii ch. iv, seems to imply that spectators enjoyed stage seats at “machine” plays until Thomas Corneille's Circé was presented, 1675. Lancaster appropriately remarks that no new “machine” plays were produced during this season at the Palais Royal and that it is impossible to make a general rule without knowing what was done at the Marais, far more important in this connection than the Palais Royal.

Note 54 in page 419 Le Theâtre et le public sous Louis XIV, p. 209.

Note 55 in page 420 Thierry, Documents, pp. 233–240, shows that Lalouette was a skilled metal worker, capable of repairing chandeliers or of supplying “six coliers de mores.”

Note 56 in page 420 François Lorian or Loriau, according to Thierry, Documents, p. 119, was a garçon d'atelier at the Palais Royal. A François is mentioned 10 times in the Premier Registre de La Thorillière, 1663. Among Hubert's payments, an item for the Malade imaginaire, p. 119: “A François pour trois jours de jeu ... 3ll,” shows that Molière's handyman was sometimes asked to tread the boards.

Note 57 in page 422 Thierry's Documents, pp. 241–243, reproduce the receipted bill of Angélique Bourdon' the “Mémoire des estancilles que j'ay fourny pour le palais royal,” from which I quote: “plus six mortier peinds et argentés auec six mortiers de bois dedans, à un escus pièce ... 1811.”

TuesdayJanuary24 (“au double”)36211177321
FridayJanuary2720220118223
SundayJanuary2916116127226
TuesdayJanuary313123668

Note 59 in page 422 Note the wording of the title in the accounts. Hubert used the conjunction et where La Grange wrote ou in his book. The heading for De Vise's play used on pp. 111–113 is shortened to Aux Maris infidelles. The frères Parfaict who examined Hubert's Registre were led by his error to suppose that two plays were billed on the 24th, and that L'Amy de tout le monde was an unsuccessful work by an anonymous writer, Histoire générale, xi, 242 and 274. Their error was first noticed by E. Thierry, Documents, p. 153. G. Monval showed that La Grange's Registre remained in the possession of his family until 1785 (Moliériste, vi, p. 3–9), which makes it probable that the Parfaicts were unable to consult that record.

FridayFebruary39012138208
SundayFebruary5603256348

Note 61 in page 423 Thirteen performances, all “au double.”

FridayFebruary1025559394682
SundayFebruary1228520222482
TuesdayFebruary1432736210561
FridayFebruary1724418238435
FridayMarch3 (La Thorillière as Argan)32432335587
SundayMarch532230288577
TuesdayMarch732132183391
FridayMarch1032625206421
SundayMarch1232332205454
TuesdayMarch1420324191359
FridayMarch1732130207398
SundayMarch1932116183334
TuesdayMarch2112120170269

Note 62 in page 424 Théâtre Français sous Louis XIV, p. 363n.

FridayFebruary24, Baron as Alceste12024387498
SundayFebruary2611024243379

Tuesday February28 (sole performance)9010160237

Note 65 in page 426 Three of the bills preserved in Thierry's Documents, pp. 171–198, concern refreshments supplied at rehearsals.