Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T14:27:12.102Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Censoring the Rāmāyaṇa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Guest Column
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by The Modern Language Association of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

ABVP Action Condemned.” The Hindu. Hindu, 29 Feb. 2008. Web. 7 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
ABVP Activists Surrender.” The Hindu. Hindu, 8 Mar. 2008. Web. 7 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
ABVP Activists Vandalise DU History Department.” The Hindu. Hindu, 26 Feb. 2008. Web. 7 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
ABVP Leaders Put behind Bars for Trouble on Campus.” The Hindu. Hindu, 27 Feb. 2008. Web. 7 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Advani, Rukun. “Narrow View at the Top: Ramanujan—a Publisher's Perspective.” The Telegraph. ABP, 7 Nov. 2011. Web. 11 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Aiyar, Mani Shankar, panelist. “Should Delhi University Have Dropped A. K. Ramanujan's Essay?Politically Incorrect. Narr. Ankita Mukherjee. NDTV, New Delhi, 5 Nov. 2011. YouTube. Web. 11 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Amin, Shahid. “When a Department Let the University Down.” The Hindu. Hindu, 3 Nov. 2011. Web. 19 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Ayodhya Dispute.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Mar. 2012. Web. 30 Apr. 2012.Google Scholar
Babri Masjid Demolition Neither Spontaneous nor Unplanned: Liberhan.” Hindustantimes.com. HT Media, 24 Nov. 2009. Web. 4 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Bail Granted to ABVP Leader.” The Hindu. Hindu, 2 Mar. 2008. Web. 7 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Balashankar, R.Sri Rama Is Our Icon: Don't Take Liberties with Hindu Sensitivities.” Editorial. Organiser. Organiser, 19 Nov. 2011. Web. 7 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Baseless Charges: PMO.” The Hindu. Hindu, 28 Feb. 2008. Web. 7 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Bhuyan, Ragini. “Ramanujan and the Ramayana.” The Sunday Guardian. N.p., 30 Oct. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2011.Google Scholar
Blasphemy.” Shorter Oxford English Dictionary: On Historical Principles. 5th ed. 2002. Print.Google Scholar
Brass, Paul R. The Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in Contemporary India. Seattle: U of Washington P, 2011. Print.Google Scholar
Daniel, Frank Jack. “Furor over Hindu Essay Points to India's Cultural Rift.” Leader-Post. Postmedia Network, 12 Nov. 2011. Web. 3 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Dharwadker, Vinay. “A. K. Ramanujan: Author, Translator, Scholar.” World Literature Today 68.2 (1994): 279–80. Print.Google Scholar
Dharwadker, Vinay. “A. K. Ramanujan's Theory and Practice of Translation.” Post-colonial Translation: Theory and Practice. Ed. Bassnett, Susan and Trivedi, Harish. New York: Routledge, 1999. 114–40. Print.Google Scholar
Dharwadker, Vinay. “Constructions of World Literature in Colonial and Postcolonial India.” The Routledge Companion to World Literature. Ed. D'haen, Theo, Damrosch, David, and Kadir, Djelal. New York: Routledge, 2012. 476–86. Print.Google Scholar
Dharwadker, Vinay. “Four Hindi Poets.” World Literature Today 68.2 (1994): 325–30. Print.Google Scholar
Dharwadker, Vinay. General Editor's Preface. Ramanujan, Collected Essays vii–xi.Google Scholar
Dharwadker, Vinay. Introduction. Ramanujan, Collected Poems xvii–xxxviii.Google Scholar
Dharwadker, Vinay. Introduction to Section 2. Ramanujan, Collected Essays 127–30.Google Scholar
Dharwadker, Vinay, trans. Kabir: The Weaver's Songs. New Delhi: Penguin Classics, 2003. Print.Google Scholar
Dharwadker, Vinay, trans. “No Other Tongue: Four Hindi Poets.” Pratilipi: A Bilingual Literary Journal Oct. 2008: n. pag. Web. 12 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Dharwadker, Vinay, trans. “Twenty-Nine Modern Indian Poems.” Fwd. and afterword by Dharwadker. TriQuarterly 77 (1989–90): 119227. Print.Google Scholar
Dimock, Edward C. Jr., and Ramanujan, Krishna. Introduction. Ramanujan, Collected Essays xiv–xviii.Google Scholar
Doniger, Wendy. The Hindus: An Alternative History. New York: Penguin, 2009. Print.Google Scholar
Editorial. The Statesman. Statesman, 5 Nov. 2011. Web. 5 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Fowler, Alastair. Kinds of Literature: An Introduction to the Theory of Genres and Modes. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1982. Print.Google Scholar
Gohain, Manash Pratim. “History Dept Slams DU on Ramanujan Essay.” The Times of India. Bennett, Coleman, 18 Oct. 2011. Web. 3 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Gohain, Manash Pratim. “Ramanujan Essay: Debate Turns Political.” The Times of India. Bennett, Coleman, 25 Oct. 2011. Web. 3 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Goldman, Robert P., gen. ed. The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India. Vol. 1: Bālakāṇḍa. Introd. and trans. Goldman. Annotated by Goldman and Sally J. Sutherland. 1984. Vol. 2: Ayodhyākāṇḍa. Introd., trans., and annotated by Sheldon Pollock. Ed. Goldman. 1986. Vol. 3: Araṇyakāṇḍa. Introd., trans., and annotated by Pollock. Ed. Goldman. 1991. Vol. 4: Kiṣkindhākāṇḍa. Introd., trans., and annotated by Rosalind Lefeber. Ed. Goldman. 1994. Vol. 5: Sundarakāṇḍa. Introd., trans., and annotated by Goldman and Sally J. Sutherland Goldman. 1996. Vol. 6: Yuddhakāṇḍa. Trans. and annotated by Goldman, Sutherland Goldman, and Barend A. van Nooten. Introd. Goldman and Sutherland Goldman. 2009. 6 vols. to date. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1984–. Print.Google Scholar
Guha, Ramachandra. “Read the Fine Print.” Hindustantimes.com. HT Media, 5 Dec. 2011. Web. 12 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen. “Modernity: An Unfinished Project.” 1980. Trans. Nicholas Walker. Habermas and the Unfinished Project of Modernity: Critical Essays on The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity. Ed. Maurizio Passerin d'Entrèves and Seyla Benhabib. Cambridge: MIT P, 1997. 3855. Print.Google Scholar
Howard, Jennifer. “Bowing to Criticism, Oxford U. Press Will Reprint Works at Center of Controversy in India.” The Chronicle of Higher Education. Chronicle of Higher Educ., 9 Dec. 2011. Web. 9 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Howard, Jennifer. “Questions Remain about Oxford U. Press's Role in Indian-Essay Controversy.” The Chronicle of Higher Education. Chronicle of Higher Educ., 29 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2011.Google Scholar
‘I Did Not Express an Opinion for or against the Removal of the Essay.‘The Hindu. Hindu, 28 Nov. 2011. Web. 4 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
India: Full Text of the Liberhan Ayodhya Commission of Enquiry Commission Report.” South Asia Citizens Web. Social Change Communications, 24 Nov. 2009. Web. 30 Apr. 2012.Google Scholar
Iyengar, K. R. Srinivasa, ed. Asian Variations in Ramayana. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1983. Print.Google Scholar
Jaschik, Scott. “Scholars Blast Oxford Press over Controversial Essay.” Inside Higher Ed. Inside Higher Ed, 29 Nov. 2011. Web. 29 Nov. 2011.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. “An Answer to the Question: What Is Enlightenment?” 1784. Kant: Political Writings. Ed. and with an introd. and notes by Hans Reiss. Trans. Nisbet, H. B. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. 5460. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kesavan, Mukul. “‘Three Hundred Ramayanas‘: Delhi University and the Purging of Ramanujan.” The Telegraph. ABP, 27 Oct. 2011. Web. 25 Nov. 2011.Google Scholar
Liberhan Commission.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Mar. 2012. Web. 30 Apr. 2012.Google Scholar
Lutgendorf, Philip. Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. New York: Oxford UP, 2007. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lutgendorf, Philip. The Life of a Text: Performing the Rāmcaritmānas of Tulsidas. Berkeley: U of California P, 1991. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narayan, Kunwar. Koī dūsarā nahīṃ: Kuṃwara Nārāyaṇa kī kavitāeṃ. New Delhi: Rajkamal Prakashan, 1993. Print.Google Scholar
Outrage Refuses to Die Down.” The Hindu. Hindu, 9 Nov. 2011. Web. 4 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Pannikar, K. N.In Defence of the Right to Know.” Interview by G. Krishnakumar. The Hindu. Hindu, 23 Nov. 2011. Web. 4 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Parashar, Arpit, and Mukherjee, Vishwajoy. “Which Version of Ramayana Would Ram Read?Tehelka. Anant Media, 24 Nov. 2011. Web. 6 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Paz, Octavio. The Monkey Grammarian. Trans. Lane, Helen. New York: Arcade, 1990. Print. Trans. of El mono gramatico. Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1974.Google Scholar
‘PM's Daughter Has No Hand in Controversial Book.‘The Hindu. Hindu, 29 Feb. 2008. Web. 7 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Pollock, Sheldon. The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India. Berkeley: U of California P, 2006. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollock, Sheldon, ed. Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia. Berkeley: U of California P, 2003. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollock, Sheldon, ed. Message to author. 5 Mar. 2012. E-mail.Google Scholar
Pollock, Sheldon, ed. “Sanskrit Culture from the Inside Out.” Pollock, Literary Cultures 39130.Google Scholar
Pushkarna, Neha. “Ramanujan Essay Dropped to Save PM Another Headache?The Times of India. Bennett, Coleman, 3 Dec. 2011. Web. 3 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Raghavan, V., ed. The Ramayana Tradition in Asia. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1980. Print.Google Scholar
Rajurkar, Bha. Ha. Rāmakathā ke pātra: Vālmīki, Tulsī evaṃ Maithilisharaṇa Gupta ke sandarbha meṃ [The Characters of the Story of Rāma: In the Context of Vālmīki, Tulsīdās, and Maithilisharan Gupta]. Kanpur: Grantham, 1972. Print.Google Scholar
Ramanujan, A. K. The Collected Essays of A. K. Ramanujan. Vinay Dharwadker, gen. ed. New Delhi: Oxford UP, 1999. Print.Google Scholar
Ramanujan, A. K. The Collected Poems of A. K. Ramanujan. [Ed. Molly Daniels-Ramanujan et al. Introd. Vinay Dharwadker.] New Delhi: Oxford UP, 1995. Print.Google Scholar
Ramanujan, A. K.Is There an Indian Way of Thinking?” Ramanujan, Collected Essays 3451.Google Scholar
Ramanujan, A. K. The Oxford India Ramanujan. Ed. Daniels-Ramanujan, Molly. New Delhi: Oxford UP, 2004. Print.Google Scholar
Ramanujan, A. K.Three Hundred Rāmāyaṇas: Five Examples and Three Thoughts on Translation.” Ramanujan, Collected Essays 131–60.Google Scholar
Richman, Paula, ed. Many Rāmāyaṇas: The Diversity of a Narrative Tradition in South Asia. Berkeley: U of California P, 1991. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richman, Paula, ed. Questioning Rāmāyaṇas: A South Asian Tradition. Fwd. Romila Thapar. New Delhi: Oxford UP, 2000. Print.Google Scholar
Rushdie, Salman. “It's about academic censorship at delhi university under pressure from Hindu extremists. The banned essay is a classic.” 22 Oct. 2011, 7:08 p.m. Tweet.Google Scholar
Saran, Malini, and Khanna, Vinod C. The Ramayana in Indonesia. New Delhi: Ravi Dayal, 2004. Print.Google Scholar
Sarkar, Sumit, and Sarkar, Tanika. “On Vice Chancellors and Scholars: Questions of Rule, Authority and Freedom.” Biblio: A Review of Books. Biblio, Nov.-Dec. 2011. Web. 19 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Shah, A. P.The Most Precious of All Freedoms.” The Hindu. Hindu, 25 Nov. 2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.Google Scholar
Sharma, Jyotirmaya. Hindutva: Exploring the Idea of Hindu Nationalism. New Delhi: Viking, 2003. Print.Google Scholar
Singer, Milton B. Introduction. Ramanujan, Collected Essays xii–xiv.Google Scholar
Singh, Upinder. “Ramanujan Essay: Background Note for Hist. Dept. Discussion on 16 Nov. 2011.” Message to author. 6 Mar. 2012. E-mail.Google Scholar
Suroor, Hasan. “No ‘Censorship’ of Ramanujan Essay: OUP.” The Hindu. Hindu, 1 Dec. 2011. Web. 7 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Suroor, Hasan. “OUP India to Be ‘Flooded’ with Orders for Ramanujan Essay.” The Hindu. Hindu, 4 Dec. 2011. Web. 4 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Suroor, Hasan. “Oxford University Press under Pressure over Ramanujan Essay Row.” The Hindu. Hindu, 27 Nov. 2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.Google Scholar
Textbook Controversy: SC Asks DU to Submit Report.” The Indian Express. Indian Express, 20 Sept. 2008. Web. 7 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Thapa, Swaraj. “Is Nothing Sacred?The Indian Express. Indian Express, 24 Nov. 2011. Web. 4 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Thapar, Romila. “The Controversy over the Essay by A. K. Ramanujan.” The Book Review Literary Trust. Book Rev. Lit. Trust, Feb. 2012. Web. 30 Apr. 2012.Google Scholar
Thapar, Romila. Cultural Pasts: Essays in Early Indian History. New Delhi: Oxford UP, 2000. Print.Google Scholar
Thapar, Romila. Message to author. 7 Mar. 2012. E-mail.Google Scholar
Thilak, Nandini. “Can Students Tolerate, Can Teachers Cope: Expert on Ramanujan Essay.” The Indian Express. Indian Express, 17 Oct. 2011. Web. 26 Feb. 2012.Google Scholar
Thilak, Nandini. “Can't Give Names of Four Experts on Ramayana Essay, Will Endanger Their Safety: DU's RTI Reply.” The Indian Express. Indian Express, 11 Nov. 2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.Google Scholar
Thilak, Nandini. “DU History Dept Protests Removal of Ramanujan Essay from Syllabi.” The Indian Express. Indian Express, 18 Oct. 2011. Web. 26 Feb. 2012.Google Scholar
Thilak, Nandini. “DU Protests Removal of Ramanujan Essay.” The Indian Express. Indian Express, 25 Oct. 2011. Web. 26 Feb. 2012.Google Scholar
University of Delhi. List of Members of the Academic Council—2011–12, as of 1 September 2011. Delhi: U of Delhi, 2011. PDF file.Google Scholar
Vijetha, S. N.DU Panel Makes the Ban Final.” The Hindu. Hindu, 21 Mar. 2012. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.Google Scholar
Xu, Gary, and Dharwadker, Vinay, eds. Asia and Pacific Oceania. Westport: Greenwood, 2007. Print. Vol. 6 of The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Popular Culture. Gary Hoppenstand, gen. ed. 6 vols.Google Scholar