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Molecular nature of chemically and physically induced mutants in plants: a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 July 2014

Zarqa Nawaz  and
Qingyao Shu
Zarqa Nawaz
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou310029, People's Republic of China Wuxi-Zhejiang University Bioagricultural Research Centre, Wuxi, Jiangsu214105, People's Republic of China
Qingyao Shu*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou310029, People's Republic of China Wuxi-Zhejiang University Bioagricultural Research Centre, Wuxi, Jiangsu214105, People's Republic of China
*
* Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

More than 3200 new mutant varieties have been bred and used by millions of farmers, which has significantly contributed to world food security. A lot more mutants have also served as tools for gene discovery and functional analysis. Recent genomic approaches including TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genome) have enabled screening of mutations at the molecular level. This review describes the molecular nature of chemically and physically induced mutations and their repercussions. Analyses of TILLING reports indicate that chemically induced mutations are mostly nucleotide substitutions, but that mutation frequencies fluctuate among plant species ranging from one DNA lesion per 300 kbp in Arabidopsis to one DNA lesion per 30 kbp in bread wheat, which reciprocate with an increase in ploidy levels. The majority (>95%) of chemically induced DNA lesions are silent or missense mutations. Mutations induced by physical mutagens seem to be more diverse, including single-nucleotide substitutions, insertions, inversions and translocations, although short deletions ( < 15 bp) are relatively more predominant. The proportion of complex mutations (translocation, inversions, etc.) may increase with an increase in the linear energy transfer of radiations. In addition, the implications of these findings for the roles of induced mutants in breeding and gene function analysis are briefly discussed.

Keywords

gene discoverymutagenesismutantsplant breeding
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 12 , Issue S1: Special issue on the 3rd International Symposium on “Genomics of Plant Genetic Resources” , July 2014 , pp. S74 - S78
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2014 

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