Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T16:04:59.845Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biodiversity of date palms (Phoenixdactylifera L.) in Sudan: chemical, morphological and DNA polymorphisms of selected cultivars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2009

Sakina Elshibli  and
Helena Korpelainen
Sakina Elshibli*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014Helsinki, Finland
Helena Korpelainen
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014Helsinki, Finland
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Date palm fruits of 15 cultivars were collected at harvest (Tamr stage) from the Nori Horticultural Orchard in the Northern State of Sudan for morphological and chemical characterization. Morphological and DNA polymorphisms of the mother trees were also investigated. Significant (P < 0.001) differentiation of cultivars in relation to tree height, and number and length of pinnae and spines was observed. Fruit weight, flesh weight and fruit and seed sizes expressed a wide range of diversity among cultivars. Significant differences were also observed among cultivars for all tested sugars (P < 0.001). Titratable acidity was found to be a characteristic feature of almost every cultivar. The results of DNA genotyping indicated high genetic diversity among cultivars with Nei's genetic distances ranging from 0.693 to 3.496, and expected and observed heterozygosity equalling 0.837 and 0.950, respectively. This study highlights the diversity of date palms in Sudan, as represented by apparent morphological characters, chemical composition of fruits as well as DNA polymorphism. The employment of different techniques for data analyses gave conclusive ideas on some interrelationships among a large set of characters; the knowledge of such relationships can be utilized for screening date palm cultivars for possible descriptors.

Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 7 , Issue 2 , August 2009 , pp. 194 - 203
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Al-Khalifah, NS and Askari, E (2003) Molecular phylogeny of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars from Saudi Arabia by DNA fingerprinting. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 107: 1266–1270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Al-Shihab, W and Marshall, RJ (2003) The fruit of the date palm: its possible use as the best food for the future. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 54: 247–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baballa, AM (2002) The characterisation of dry date palm in the River Nile State MSc Thesis, University of Wadi Elneel.Google Scholar
Barreveld, WH (1993) Date Palm Products. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin No. 101. Rome: Food and Agricuture Organisation of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Bashab, FAA (1997) Investigations on pollination and fruit thining of Mishrig Wad Khateeb date palm cultivar in Sudan MSc Thesis, University of Khartoum.Google Scholar
Belkhir, K, Borsa, P, Chikhi, L, Raufaste, N and Bonhomme, F (2004) Genetix 4.05 software. Available at http://www.univ-montp2.fr/~genetix/genetix/genetix.htm.Google Scholar
Billotte, N, Marseillac, N, Brottier, P, Noyer, JL, Jacquemoud-Collet, JP, Moreau, C, Couvreur, T, Chevallier, MH, Pintaud, JC and Risterucci, AM (2004) Nuclear microsatellite markers for the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): characterization and utility across the genus Phoenix and in other palm genera. Molecular Ecology Notes 4: 256–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bioversity International (2008) Describtor of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Available at http://www.bioversityinternational.org/index.php?id = 19&user_bioversitypublications_pi1[showUid] = 2948.Google Scholar
Botes, A and Zaid, A (2002) The economic importance of date production and international trade. In: Zaid, A (ed.) Date Palm Cultivation. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper No. 156. Rome: Food and Agricuture Organisation of the United Nations, pp. 45–56.Google Scholar
Cao, BR and Chao, CT (2002) Identification of date cultivars in California using AFLP markers. HortScience 37: 966–968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, CT and Krueger, RR (2007) The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): overview of biology, uses and cultivation. HortScience 42: 1077–1082.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, JA and Furr, JR (1953) Kinds and relative amount of sugar and their relation to texture in some American-grown date varieties. American Society for Horticultural Sciences 61: 286–292.Google Scholar
El-Assar, AM, Krueger, RR, Devanad, PS and Chao, CT (2005) Genetic analysis of Egyptian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) accessions using AFLP markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 52: 601–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elhoumaizi, MA, Saaidi, M, Oihabi, A and Cilas, C (2002) Phenotypic diversity of date-palm cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Morocco. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 49: 483–490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elshibli, S and Korpelainen, H (2008) Microsatellite markers reveal high genetic diversity in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) germplasm from Sudan. Genetica 134: 251–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elshibli, S and Korpelainen, H (2008) Excess heterozygosity and scarce genetic differentiation in the populations of Phoenix dactylifera L.: human impact or ecological determinants. Plant Genetic Resources (in press). Published online on 20 Oct 2008 DOI:10.1017/S1479262108060905.Google Scholar
Horwitz, W (2002) Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. Gaithersburg, MD: AOAC International.Google Scholar
Hulme, AC (1970) Biochemistry of Fruits and their Product. London/New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Jaradat, AA and Zaid, A (2004) Quality traits of date palm fruits in a center of origin and center of diversity. Food, Agriculture and Environment 2: 208–217.Google Scholar
Langella, O (2002) Populations 1.2. 28 Software. Available at http://www.pge.cnrs-gif.fr/bioinfo/populations.Google Scholar
Mustafa, AB, Harper, DB and Johnston, DE (1986) Biochemical changes during ripening of some Sudanese date varieties. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 37: 43–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nei, M (1972) Genetic distance between populations. American Naturalist 106: 283–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nixon, RW (1950) Imported Cultivars of Dates in the United States. USDA Circular No.834, p. 144.Google Scholar
Osman, AMA (2001) Development of date palm culture in Republic of Sudan. Paper presented at a workshop on date palm culture and dates production in Republic of Sudan, 17–22 August. Khartoum, Sudan: Date Palm Research and Development Network.Google Scholar
Osman, AMA (1984) The performance of date palms in the Sudan. Acta Horticulturae 143: 231–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhouma, S, Ould Mohamed Salem, A, Zehdi-Azouzi, S, Rhouma, A, Marrakchi, M and Trifi, M (2007) Genetic diversity in ecotypes of Tunisian date-palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) assessed by AFLP markers. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 82: 929–933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhouma, S, Dakhlaoui-Dkhil, S, Ould Mohamed Salem, A, Zehdi-Azouzi, S, Rhouma, A, Marrakchi, M and Trifi, M (2008) Genetic diversity and phylogenic relationships in date-palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as assessed by random amplified microsatellite polymorphism markers (RAMPOs). Scientia Horticulturae 117: 53–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sedra, MH, Lashermes, P, Trouslot, P, Combes, M and Hamon, S (1998) Identification and genetic diversity analysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties from morocco using RAPD markers. Euphytica 103: 75–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soliman, SS, Ali, BA and Ahmed, MMM (2003) Genetic comparisons of Egyptian date palm cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by RAPD-PCR. African Journal of Biotechnology 2: 86–87.Google Scholar
Steel, RGD and Torrie, JH (1980) Principels and Procedures of Statistics. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Zaid, A and de Wet, PF (2002 a) Botanical and systematic description of the date palm. In: Zaid, A (ed.) Date Palm Cultivation. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper no. 156. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, pp. 1–28.Google Scholar
Zaid, A and de Wet, PF (2002 b) Origin, geographical distribution and nutritional values of date palm. In: Zaid, A (ed.) Date Palm Cultivation. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper no. 156. Rome: Food and Agricuture Organisation of the United Nations, pp. 29–44.Google Scholar
Zehdi, S, Trifi, M, Billotte, N, Marrakchi, M and Pintaud, JC (2004 a) Genetic diversity of Tunisian date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) revealed by nuclear microsatellite polymorphism. Hereditas 141: 278–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zehdi, S, Sakka, H, Rhouma, A, Ould Mohamed Salem, A, Marrakchi, M and Trifi, M (2004 b) Analysis of Tunisian date palm germplasm using simple sequence repeat primers. African Journal of Biotechnology 3: 215–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: Image

Elshibli jpeg

Elshibli jpeg

Download Elshibli jpeg(Image)
Image 5.4 MB