Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T04:04:01.838Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bryophytes – an emerging source for herbal remedies and chemical production

Part of: Evolving Trends in Plant Based Drug Discovery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 October 2016

Marko S. Sabovljević ,
Aneta D. Sabovljević ,
Nur Kusaira K. Ikram ,
Anantha Peramuna ,
Hansol Bae  and
Henrik T. Simonsen
Marko S. Sabovljević*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Aneta D. Sabovljević
Affiliation:
Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Nur Kusaira K. Ikram
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Anantha Peramuna
Affiliation:
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Hansol Bae
Affiliation:
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Henrik T. Simonsen
Affiliation:
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
*
* Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Bryophytes (including mosses, liverworts and hornworts) are a heterogeneous group of terrestrial plants, which comprise over 24,000 species worldwide. Given the various biological activities reported from bryophytes, they have a huge commercial potential. Due to their minute size and rather small biomass in various ecosystems, bryophytes are a seldom part of ethnomedicine and rarely subject to medicinal and chemical analyses. Still, hundreds of novel natural products have been isolated from bryophytes. Bryophytes have been shown to contain numerous potentially useful natural products, including polysaccharides, lipids, rare amino acids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, quinones and many other specialized metabolites. Additionally, different bryophyte extracts and isolated compounds have shown antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, nematocidal, insecticidal, effects on smooth and non-striated muscles, weight loss, plant growth regulators and allelopathic activities. Bryophytes also cause allergies and contact dermatitis. All these effects highlight bryophytes as potential source for herbal remedies and production of chemicals to be used in various products.

Keywords

biological activityethnomedicineliverwortsmossesspecialized metabolites
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 14 , Special Issue 4: Evolving trends in plant based drug discovery , December 2016 , pp. 314 - 327
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abay, G, Altun, M, Koldas, S, Tufekci, AR and Demirtas, I (2015) Determination of antiproliferative activities of volatile contents and HPLC profiles of Dicranum scoparium (Dicranaceae, Bryophyta). Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 18: 453–463.Google Scholar
Alam, A (2012) Some Indian bryophytes known for their biologically active compounds. International Journal of Applied Biology and pharmaceutical Technology 3: 239–246.Google Scholar
Alam, A, Shrama, V, Rawat, KK and Verma, PK (2015) Bryophytes-the ignored medicinal plants. SMU Medical Journal 2: 299–316.Google Scholar
Ando, H (1983) Use of bryophytes in China 2. Mosses indispensable to the production of Chinese gallnuts. Proceedings of the Bryological Society of Japan 3: 124–125.Google Scholar
Asakawa, Y (1982) Chemical constituents of bryophytes. In: Herz, W, Grisebach, H and Kirby, GW (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 42. Vienna: Springer, pp. 1–285.Google Scholar
Asakawa, Y (1984) Some biologically active substances isolated from Hepaticae–terpenoids and lipophilic aromatic compounds (Proceedings of the World Conference of Bryology, Tokyo, Japan, May23–28, 1983-2-)–(Chemistry). Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 56: 215–219.Google Scholar
Asakawa, Y (1990) Terpenoids and aromatic compounds with pharmacological activity from bryophytes. In: Zinsmeister, HD and Mues, R (eds) Bryophytes: Their Chemistry and Chemical Taxonomy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 369–410.Google Scholar
Asakawa, Y (1994) Highlights in phytochemistry of hepaticae – biologically active terpenoids and aromatic compounds. Pure and Applied Chemistry 66: 2193–2196.Google Scholar
Asakawa, Y (2001) Recent advances in phytochemistry of bryophytes- acetogenins, terpenoids and bis(bibenzyl)s from selected Japanese, Taiwanese, New Zealand, Argentinean and European liverworts. Phytochemistry 56: 297–312.Google Scholar
Asakawa, Y (2004) Chemosystematics of the Hepaticae. Phytochemistry 65: 623–669.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asakawa, Y (2007) Biologically active compounds from bryophytes. Pure and Applied Chemistry 79: 557–580.Google Scholar
Asakawa, Y and Matsuda, R (1982) Riccardin C, a novel cyclic bibenzyl derivative from Reboulia hemisphaerica . Phytochemistry 21: 2143–2144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asakawa, Y and Takemoto, T (1977) Sacculatal and isosacculatal, two new exceptional diterpenedials from the liverwort Trichocoleopsis sacculata . Tetrahedron Letters 18: 1407–1410.Google Scholar
Asakawa, Y, Yoyota, M, Takemoto, T, Kubo, I and Nakanishi, K (1980) Insect antifeedant secoaromadendrane-type sesquiterpenes from Plagiochila species. Phytochemistry 19: 2147–2154.Google Scholar
Asakawa, Y, Ludwiczuk, A and Nagashima, F (2013) Chemical Constituents of Bryophytes. Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol. 95. Wien: Springer.Google Scholar
Azuelo, AG, Sariana, LG and Pabualan, MP (2011) Some medicinal bryophytes: their ethnobotanical uses and morphology. Asian Journal of Biodiversity 2: 49–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baek, SH, Perry, NB and Lorimer, SD (2003) ent-Costunolide from the liverwort Hepatostolonophora paucistipula . Journal of Chemical Research 1: 14–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bardon, A, Kamiya, N, Toyota, M and Asakawa, Y (1999a) A 7-Nordumortenone and other Dumortane derivatives from the Argentine Liverwort Dumortiera hirsuta . Phytochemistry 51: 281–287.Google Scholar
Bardon, A, Kamiya, N, Toyota, M, Takaoka, S and Asakawa, Y (1999b) Sesquiterpenoids, hopanoids and bis(bibenzyls) from the Argentine liverwort Plagiochasma rupestre . Phytochemistry 52: 1323–1329.Google Scholar
Basile, A, Giordano, S, Lopez-Saez, JA and Cobianchi, RC (1999) Antibacterial activity of pure flavonoids isolated from mosses. Phytochemistry 52: 1479–1482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Basile, A, Sorbo, S, Conte, B, Golia, B, Montanari, S, Castaldo Cobianchi, R and Esposito, S (2011) Antioxidant activity in extracts from Leptodictyum riparium (Bryophyta), stressed by heavy metals, heat shock and salinity. Plant Biosystems 145: 77–80.Google Scholar
Beike, AK, Decker, E, Wolfgang, F, Lang, D, Verulit-Scheebaum, M, Zimmer, A and Reski, R (2010) Applied bryology-bryotechnology. Tropical Bryology 31: 22–32.Google Scholar
Beike, AK, Jaeger, C, Zink, F, Decker, EL and Reski, R (2014) High content of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in different moss species. Plant Cell Reports 33: 245–254.Google Scholar
Belkin, M, Fitzgerald, DB and Felix, MD (1952–1953) Tumor-damaging capacity of plant materials. II. Plants used as diuretics. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 13: 741–744.Google ScholarPubMed
Bland, J (1971) Forests of Lilliput. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., pp. 1–210.Google Scholar
Borel, C, Welti, DH, Fernandez, I and Colmenares, M (1993) Dicranin, and antimicrobial and 15-lipoxigenase inhibitor from the moss Dicranum scoparium. Journal of Natural Products 56: 1071–1077.Google Scholar
Bukvicki, D, Veljic, M, Sokovic, M, Grujic, S and Marin, P (2012) Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of Abietinella abietina, Neckera crispa, Platyhypnidium riparioides, Cratoneuron filicinum and Campylium protensum mosses. Archives of Biological Sciences 64: 911–916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castle, H (1967) A revision of the genus Radula. Part II. Subgenus Acroradula. Section 11. Complanatae . Revue bryologique et lichénologique 35: 1–94.Google Scholar
Chandra, S, Chandra, D, Barh, A, Pankaj, , Pandey, RK and Sharma, IP (2016) Bryophytes: hoard of remedies, an ethnomedical review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 6: on line first. doi: 10.1016/j.jctme.2016.01.007.Google Scholar
Dey, A and Mukherjee, A (2015) Therapeutic potential of bryophytes and derived compounds against cancer. Journal of Acute Disease 4: 236–248.Google Scholar
Dey, A, Mukherjee, S and De, A (2015) Altitude and growth stage specific variations in antimicrobial activity of Darjeeling Himalayan Pellia endiviifolia against selected human pathogens. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 21: 102–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ding, H (1982) Medicinal spore-bearing plants of China. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, p. 409.Google Scholar
Drobnik, J and Stebel, A (2014) Medicinal mosses in pre-Linaean bryophyte floras of central Europe. An example from the natural history of Poland. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 153: 682–685.Google Scholar
Durán-Peña, MJ, Botubol, AJM, Hanson, JR, Collado, IG and Hernandez-Galan, R (2015) Biological activity of natural sesquiterpenoids containing a gem-dimethylcyclopropane unit. Natural product Reports 32: 1236–1248.Google Scholar
Edelmann, HG, Neinhuis, C, Jarvis, M, Evans, B, Fischer, E and Barthlott, W (1998) Ultrastructure and chemistry of the cell wall of the moss Rhacocarpus purpurascens (Rhacocarpaceae): a puzzling architecture among plants. Planta 206: 315–321.Google Scholar
Flegel, M, Adam, KP and Becker, H (1999) Sesquiterpene lactones and bisbibenzyl derivatives from the neotropical liverwort Frullania convoluta . Phytochemistry 52: 1633–1638.Google Scholar
Flowers, S (1957) Ethnobryology of the Gosiute Indians of Utah. Bryologist 60: 11–14.Google Scholar
Frahm, JP (2004) Recent developments of commercial products from bryophytes. Bryologist 107: 277–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grolle, R, Long, D and McNeill, J (2005) Nomenclatural problems in Pleurozia (Pleuroziaceae): the lectotypification of Pleurozia Dumort., Jungermannia sphagnoides Schwägr., Pleurozia sphagnoides Dumort., P. purpurea Lindb., Mnium jungermannia L. and Jungermannia undulata L.(Hepaticae). Taxon 54: 503–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallingbäck, T and Hodgetts, N (2000) Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan for Bryophytes: Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts. Gland: IUCN/SSC Bryophyte Specialist Group, IUCN, p. 106.Google Scholar
Harris, ES (2008) Ethnobryology: traditional uses and folk classification of bryophytes. Bryologist 111: 169–217.Google Scholar
Harris, ESJ (2006) Ethnobotany, evolution and chemistry of medicinal bryophytes: examples from the moss genus Plagiomnium . PhD Thesis, Berkeley: Berkeley University of California, p. 364.Google Scholar
Hart, JA (1981) The ethnobotany of the northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4: 1–55.Google Scholar
Hayashi, S, Kami, T, Matsuo, A, Ando, H and Seki, T (1977) The smell of liverworts. Proceedings of the Bryological Society of Japan 2: 38–40.Google Scholar
He, X, Sun, Y and Zhu, RL (2013) The oil bodies of liverworts: unique and important organelles in land plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 32: 293–302.Google Scholar
Hong, WS (1980) A study of the distribution of Diplophyllum in western North America. Bryologist 83: 497–504.Google Scholar
Hu, R (1987) Bryology. Beijing, China: Higher Education Press, 465 pp.Google Scholar
Ikram, NKBK, Zhan, X, Pan, X, King, BC and Simonsen, HT (2015) Stable heterologous expression of biologically active terpenoids in green plant cells. Frontier in Plant Science 6: 129.Google Scholar
Ingimundardottir, G, Weibull, H and Cronberg, N (2014) Bryophyte colonization history of the virgin volcanic island Surtsey, Iceland. Biogeosciences 11: 4415–4427.Google Scholar
Ji, M, Shi, Y and Lou, H (2011) Overcoming of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in K562/A02 cells using riccardin F and pakyonol, bisbibenzyl derivatives from liverworts. BioScience Trends 5: 192–197.Google Scholar
Jones, EW and Rose, F (1975) Plagiochila atlantica F. Rose, sp. nov. – P. amhagiosa auct. Journal of Bryology 8: 417–422.Google Scholar
Kim, YC, da Bolzani, VS, Baj, N, Gunatilaka, AAL and Kingston, DGI (1996) A DNA-damaging Sesquiterpene and other constituents from Frullania nisquallensis . Planta Medica 62: 61–63.Google Scholar
King, BC, Vavitsas, K, Ikram, NKBK, Schrøder, J, Scharff, LB, Hamberger, B, Jensen, PE and Simonsen, HT (2016) In vivo assembly of DNA-fragments in the moss, Physcomitrella patens . Scientific Reports 6: 25030.Google Scholar
Klavina, L (2014) Polysaccharides from lower plants: bryophytes. In: Ramawat, KG and Merillon, JM (eds) Polysaccharides, Bioactivity and Biotechnology. Cham: Springer International Publishing Switzerland, p. 1–14.Google Scholar
Komala, I, Ito, T, Nagashima, F, Yagi, Y, Kawahata, M, Yamaguchi, K and Asakawa, Y (2010) Zierane sesquiterpene lactone, Cembrane and Fusicoccane Diterpenoids, from the Tahithian liverwort Chendonanthus hirtellus . Phytochemistry 71: 1387–1394.Google Scholar
Kondoh, M, Nagashima, F, Suzuki, I, Harada, M, Fujii, M, Asakawa, Y and Watanabe, Y (2005) Induction of apoptosis by new ent-kaurene-type diterpenoids isolated from the New Zealand liverwort Jungermannia species. Planta Medica 71: 1005–1009.Google Scholar
Kumar, K, Singh, KK, Asthana, AK and Nath, V (2000) Ethnoterapeutics of bryophyte Plagiochasma appendiculatum among the Gaddi tribes of Kangra Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India. Pharmaceutical Biology 38: 353–356.Google Scholar
Kumar, P and Chaundhary, BL (2010) Antibacterial activity of moss Entodon myurus (Hook.) Hampe Against some pathogenic bacteria. Bioscan 5: 605–608.Google Scholar
Lahlou, EH and Hashimoto, T (2000) Chemical constituents of the liverworts Plagiochasma japonica and Marchantia tosana . Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 88: 271–276.Google Scholar
Ligrone, R, Carafa, A, Duckett, J, Renzaglia, K and Ruel, K (2008) Immunocytochemical detection of lignin-related epitopes in cell walls in bryophytes and the charalean alga Nitella . Plant Systematics and Evolution 270: 257–272.Google Scholar
Lu, ZQ, Fan, PH, Ji, M and Lou, HX (2006) Terpenoids and bisbibenzyls from Chinese liverworts Conocephalum conicum and Dumortiera hirsuta . Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 8: 187–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Madsen, GC and Pates, AL (1952) Occurrence of antimicrobial substances in chlorophyllose plants growing in Florida. Botanical Gazette 113: 293–300.Google Scholar
Matsuo, A, Yuki, S, Nakayama, M and Hayashi, S (1982) Three new sesquiterpene phenols of the ent-herbertane class from the liverwort Herberta adunca . Chemical Letters 11: 463–466.Google Scholar
Matsuo, A, Yuki, S and Nakayama, M (1983) -(-)- Herbertenediol and (-)-herbertenolide, two new sesquiterpenoids of the ent-herbertane class from the liverwort Herberta adunca . Chemical Letters 12: 1041–1042.Google Scholar
McCleary, JA and Walkington, DL (1966) Moss and antibiosis. Revue bryologique et lichenologique 34: 309–314.Google Scholar
Millar, KDL, Crandall-Stotler, BJ, Ferreira, JFS and Wood, KV (2007) Antimicrobial properties of three liverworts in axenic culture: Blasia pusilla, Pallavicinia lyellii and Radula obconica . Cryptogamie, Bryologie 28: 197–210.Google Scholar
Miller, NG and Miller, H (1979) Make ye the bryophytes. Horticulture 57: 40–47.Google Scholar
Nagashima, F, Sekiguchi, T, Takaoka, S and Asakawa, Y (2004) Terpenoids and aromatic compounds from the New Zealand liverworts Plagiochila, Schistochila, and Heteroscyphus species. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 52: 556–560.Google Scholar
Neves, M, Morais, R, Gafner, S, Stoeckli-Evans, H and Hostettmann, K (1999) New sesquiterpene lactones from the Portuguese liverwort Targionia lorbeeriana . Phytochemistry 50: 967–972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohta, Y, Andersen, NH and Liu, CB (1977) Sesquiterpene constituents of two liverworts of genus Diplophyllum. Novel eudesmanolides and cytotoxicity studies for enantiomeric methylene lactones. Tetrahedron 33: 617–628.Google Scholar
Paliwal, A, Arjun, M, Madhav, NV, Murthy, E and Aruna, M (2014) Endangered treatment of traditional medicinal amphibian plants (Bryophytes). In: Proceedings of National Seminar on Traditional Medicine & Health Practices, p. 61–75.Google Scholar
Pant, G and Tewari, SD (1989) Various human uses of bryophytes in the Kumaun region of Northwest Himalaya. Bryologist 92: 120–122.Google Scholar
Pavletic, Z and Stilinovic, B (1963) Untersuchungen über die antibiotische Wirkung von Moosextrakten auf einige Bakterien. Acta Botanica Croatica 22: 133–139.Google Scholar
Pejin, B, Vujisic, Lj, Sabovljevic, M, Tesevic, V and Vajs, V (2011a) An insight into fatty acid composition of Calliergonella cuspidata . Asian Journal of Chemistry 23: 5161–5162.Google Scholar
Pejin, B, Vujisic, L, Sabovljevic, M, Tesevic, V and Vajs, V (2011b) Preliminary data on essential oil composition of the moss Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 32: 113–117.Google Scholar
Pejin, B, Vujisic, L, Sabovljevic, A, Sabovljevic, M, Tesevic, V and Vajs, V (2011c) Fatty acids of some moss species from Germany. Asian Journal of Chemistry 23: 5187–5188.Google Scholar
Pejin, B, Newmaster, S, Sabovljevic, M, Miloradovic, Z, Grujic-Milanovic, J, Ivanov, M, Mihailovic-Stanojevic, N, Jovovic, DJ, Tesevic, V and Vajs, V (2011d) Antihypertensive effect of the moss Rhodobryum ontariense in vivo. 21st European Meeting on hypertension and cardiovascular prevention. Milano, Italy, June 17–20, 2011. Book of Abstracts, Journal of Hypertension 29(Supplementum A): e 315.Google Scholar
Pejin, B, Sabovljevic, M, Tesevic, V and Vajs, V (2012a) Further study of fructoologosaccharides of Rhodobryum ontariense . Cryptogamie Bryologie 33: 191–196.Google Scholar
Pejin, B, Iodice, C, Tommonaro, G, Sabovljevic, M, Bianco, A, Tesevic, V, Vajs, V and De Rosa, S (2012b) Sugar composition of the moss Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb. Natural Product Research 26: 209–215.Google Scholar
Pejin, B, Vujisic, L, Sabovljevic, M, Tesevic, V and Vajs, V (2012c) The moss Mnium hornum, a promising source of arachidonic acid. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 48: 120–121.Google Scholar
Pejin, B, Bianco, A, Newmaster, S, Sabovljevic, M, Vujisic, L, Tesevic, V, Vajs, V and De Rosa, S (2012d) Fatty acids of Rhodobryum ontariense (Bryaceae). Natural Product Research 26: 696–702.Google Scholar
Pejin, B, Vujisic, L, Sabovljevic, M, Tesevic, V and Vajs, V (2012e) Fatty acid chemistry of Atrichum undulatum and Hypnum andoi . Hemijska Industrija 66: 207–209.Google Scholar
Price, RJ (1971) Lunularic acid, a common endogenous growth inhibitor of liverworts. Planta 97: 354–357.Google Scholar
Ramirez, M, Kamiya, N, Popich, S, Asakawa, Y and Bardon, A (2010) Insecticidal constituents from the Argentine Liverwort Plagiochilabursata . Chemistry and Biodiversity 7: 1855–1861.Google Scholar
Remesh, M and Manju, CN (2009) Ethnobryological notes from Western Ghats, India. Bryologist 112: 532–537.Google Scholar
Reski, R, Parsons, J and Decker, E (2015) Moss-made pharmaceuticals: from bench to bedside. Plant Biotechnology Journal 13: 1191–1198.Google Scholar
Rosales-Mendoza, S, Salayar-Gonzalez, JA, Decker, EL and Reski, R (2016) Implication of plant glycans in the development of innovative vaccines. Expert Review in Vaccines 15: 915–925.Google Scholar
Rowntree, JK, Pressel, S, Ramsay, MM, Sabovljevic, A and Sabovljevic, M (2011) In vitro conservation of European bryophytes. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology – Plant 47: 55–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabovljevic, M, Bijelovic, A and Grubisic, D (2001) Bryophytes as a potential source of medicinal compounds. Lekovite Sirovine 21: 17–29.Google Scholar
Sabovljevic, A, Sokovic, M, Sabovljevic, M and Grubisic, D (2006) Antimicrobial activity of Bryum argenteum . Fitoterapia 77: 144–145.Google Scholar
Sabovljevic, A, Sabovljevic, M and Grubisic, D (2010a) Giberellin infuence on the morphogenesis of the moss Bryum argenteum Hedw.in in vitro conditions. Archives for Biological Sciences 62: 373–380.Google Scholar
Sabovljevic, A, Sokovic, M, Glamoclija, J, Ciric, A, Vujicic, M, Pejin, B and Sabovljevic, M (2010b) Comparison of extract bio-activities of in situ and in vitro grown selected bryophyte species. African Journal of Microbiology Research 4: 808–812.Google Scholar
Sabovljevic, A, Sokovic, M, Glamoclija, J, Ciric, A, Vujicic, M, Pejin, B and Sabovljevic, M (2011a) Bio-activities of extracts from some axenically farmed and naturally grown bryophytes. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5: 565–571.Google Scholar
Sabovljevic, M, Sabovljevic, A, Vujicic, M, Ljaljevic-Grbic, M, Rodda, M and Girlanda, M (2011b) Are there endobionts in bryophytes? The case study of peat-moss Sphagnum palustre. 19th Symposium of the Serbian Plant Physiology Society, Banja Vrujci, June 13–15, 2011. Book of Abstracts p. 23.Google Scholar
Sabovljevic, M, Vujicic, M and Sabovljevic, A (2014a) Plant growth regulators in bryophytes. Botanica serbica 38: 99–707.Google Scholar
Sabovljevic, M, Vujicic, M, Pantovic, J and Sabovljevic, A (2014b) Bryophyte conservation biology: in vitro approach to the ex situ conservation of bryophytes from Europe. Plant Biosystems 148: 857–868.Google Scholar
Sabovljevic, MS, Vujicic, M, Wang, X, Garaffo, M, Bewley, CA and Sabovljevic, A (2016) Production of the macrocyclic bis-bibenzyls in axenically farmed and wild liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. subsp. ruderalis Bischl. et Boisselier. Plant Biosystems, on line first. doi: 10.1080/11263504.2016.1179692.Google Scholar
Scher, JM, Speakman, JB, Zapp, J and Becker, H (2004) Bioactivity guided isolation of antifungal compounds from the liverwort Bazzania trilobata (L.) SF Gray. Phytochemistry 65: 2583–2588.Google Scholar
Sharma, A, Slathia, S, Gupta, D, Handa, N, Choudhary, SP, Langer, A and Bhardwaj, R (2015) Antifungal and antioxidant profile of ethnomedicinally important liverworts (Pellia endivaefolia and Plagiochasma appendiculatum) used by indigenous tribes of district Reasi: North West Himalayas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 85: 571–579.Google Scholar
Shirsat, RP (2008) Ethnomedicinal uses of some common bryophyte and pterydophytes used by tribals of Melghat region (MS), India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 12: 690–692.Google Scholar
Shu, YF, Wei, HC and Wu, CL (1994) Sesquiterpenoids from liverworts Lepidozia vitrea and L. fauriana . Phytochemistry 37: 773–776.Google Scholar
Silber, MV, Meimberg, H and Ebel, J (2008) Identification of a 4-coumarate: CoA ligase gene family in the moss, Physcomitrella patens . Phytochemistry 69: 2449–2456.Google Scholar
Simonsen, HT, Drew, DP and Lunde, C (2009) Perspectives on using Physcomitrella patens as an alternative production platform for thapsigargin and other terpenoid drug candidates. Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry 3: 1–6.Google Scholar
Singh, M, Raghavan, G, Nath, V, Rawat, AKS and Mehrotra, S (2006) Antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activity of Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. et Lind. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 107: 67–72.Google Scholar
Singh, M, Singh, S, Nath, V, Sahu, V and Rawat, AKS (2011) Antibacterial activity of some bryophytes used traditionally for the treatment of burn infections. Pharmaceutical Biology 49: 526–530.Google Scholar
Sturtevant, W (1954) The Mikasuki seminole: medical beliefs and practices. PhD Dissertation, New Haven: Yale University, p. 203.Google Scholar
Subhisha, S and Subramoniam, A (2005) Antifungal activities of a steroid from Pallavicinia lyellii, a liverwort. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 37: 304–308.Google Scholar
Toyota, M (2000) Phytochemical study of liverworts Conocephalum conicum and Chiloscyphus polyanthos . Yakugaku Zasshi: Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 120: 1359–1372.Google Scholar
Toyota, M and Asakawa, Y (1993) Sesqui- and triterpenoids of the liverwort Conocephalum japonicum . Phytochemistry 32: 1235–1237.Google Scholar
Toyota, M, Asakawa, Y and Frahm, JP (1990) Entsesquiterpenoids and cyclic bis(bibenzyls) from the German liverwort Marchantia polymorpha . Phytochemistry 29: 1577–1584.Google Scholar
Toyota, M, Tanimura, K and Asakawa, Y (1998) Cytotoxic 2,3-Secoaromadendrane type sesquiterpenoids from the liverwort Plagiochila ovalifolia . Planta Medica 64: 462–464.Google Scholar
Toyota, M, Simamura, T, Ishii, H, Renner, M, Braggins, J and Asakawa, Y (2002) New bibenzyl cannabinoid from the New Zealand liverwort Radula marginata . Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo) 50: 1390–1392.Google Scholar
Umezawa, T (2003) Diversity in lignan biosynthesis. Phytochemistry Reviews 2: 371–390.Google Scholar
Veljić, M, Djurić, A, Soković, M, Ćirić, A, Glamočlija, J and Marin, P (2009) Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of Fontinalis antipyretica, Hypnum cupressiforme and Ctenidium molluscum . Archives of Biological Sciences 61: 225–229.Google Scholar
Vesty, EF, Saidi, Y, Moody, LA, Holloway, D, Whitbread, A, Needs, S, Choudhary, A, Burns, B, McLeod, D, Bradshaw, SJ, Bae, H, King, BC, Bassel, GW, Simonsen, HT and Coates, JC (2016) The decision to germinate is regulated by divergent molecular networks in spores and seeds. New Phytologist 211: 952–966.Google Scholar
von Schwarzenberg, K (2009) Hormonal regulation of development by auxin and cytokinin in moss. In: Knight C, Perroud PF and Cove D (eds.) The moss Physcomitrella patens. Annual Plant Review 36: 246–281.Google Scholar
Vujicic, M, Sabovljevic, A, Milosevic, S, Segarra-Moragues, JG and Sabovljevic, M (2016) Effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on development of selected bryophyte species. Plant Biosystems 150: 1023–1029.Google Scholar
Wei, HC, Ma, SJ, Wu, CL (1995) Sesquiterpenoids and cyclic bisbibenzyls from the liverwort Reboulia hemisphaerica . Phytochemistry 39: 91–97.Google Scholar
Weng, JK and Chapple, C (2010) The origin and evolution of lignin biosynthesis. New Phytologists 187: 273–285.Google Scholar
Wigginton, MJ (2002) Checklist and distribution of the liverwort and hornworts of sub-Saharan Africa, including the East African Islands. Tropical Bryology Research Report 3: 1–88.Google Scholar
Wu, C, Gunatilaka, AAL, McCabe, FL, Johnson, RK, Spjut, RW and Kingston, DGI (1997) Bioactive and other sesquiterpenes from Chiloscyphus rivularis . Journal of Natural Products 60: 1281–1286.Google Scholar
Wu, PC (1982) Some uses of mosses in China. Bryological Times 13: 5.Google Scholar
Xie, CF, Qu, JB, Wu, XZ, Liu, N, Ji, M, Lou, HX (2010) Antifungal macrocyclic bis (bibenzyls) from the Chinese liverwort Ptagiochasmaintermedlum L. Natural Product Research 24: 515–520.Google Scholar
Zhan, X, Bach, SS, Hansen, NL, Lunde, C and Simonsen, HT (2015) Additional diterpenes from Physcomitrella patens synthesized by copalyl diphosphate/kaurene synthase (PpCPS/KS). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 96: 110–114.Google Scholar
Zheng, GQ, Chang, CJ, Stout, TJ, Clardy, J and Cassady, JM (1989) Ohioensin-A: a novel benzonaphthoxanthenone from Polytrichum ohioense . Journal of the American Chemical Society 111: 5500–5501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar