Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T11:57:27.411Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Respect for Nature, Respect for Persons, Respect for Value

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2022

Abstract

I elucidate a frame of mind that David Wiggins calls respect for nature, which he understands as a special attitude toward a sui generis object, Nature as such. A person with this frame of mind takes nature to impose defeasible limits on her action, so that there are some courses of action that she will refuse even to entertain, except in circumstances of dire exigency. I defend the reasonableness of respect for nature, drawing upon considerations in Wiggins's work. But I argue that the natural systems that comprise the proper object of respect for nature are not sui generis; they are kindred, for practical reason, to complex social, political, and economic systems that we inhabit. I argue that it is reasonable to treat all such valuable systems with a similar respect, and that this respect is continuous with the respect we owe to persons and to valuable objects more generally. In all of these cases, respect consists, in part, in a disposition to defeasible constraints on practical deliberation.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Royal Institute of Philosophy

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bratman, Michael, ‘A Desire of One's Own,’ in Structures of Agency (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 137-161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broome, John, Climate Matters: Ethics in a Warming World (New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 2012).Google Scholar
Butler, Joseph, Fifteen Sermons and other writings on ethics, ed. McNaughton, David (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Chen, Yunzhen, Syvitski, James P. M., Gao, Shu, Overeem, Irina, and Kettner, Albert J., ‘Socio-economic Impacts on Flooding: A 4000-Year History of the Yellow River, China,’ AMBIO, 41 (2012) 682698.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daly, Herman E., Beyond Growth (Boston: Beacon Press, 1996).Google Scholar
Foley, J., Ramankutty, N., Brauman, K., K., , et al. ‘Solutions for a cultivated planet,’ Nature, 478 (2011) 337342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffith, Saul, Electrify: An Optimist's Playbook for Our Clean Energy Future (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2021).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harman, Elizabeth, ‘Can We Harm and Benefit in Creating?,Philosophical Perspectives, 18 (2004) 89113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawken, Paul (ed.), Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed To Reverse Global Warming (New York: Penguin Random House, 2017).Google Scholar
Hume, David, Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, 3rd edition, ed. Selby-Bigge, L.A. and Nidditch, P.H. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975).Google Scholar
Jaworska, Agnieszka, ‘Caring and Internality,’ Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 74 (2007) 529-68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kagan, Shelly, The Limits of Morality (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Kagan, Shelly, ‘Do I Make a Difference?,’ Philosophy and Public Affairs, 39 (2011) 105-141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimmerer, Robin Wall, Braiding Sweetgrass (Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions, 2013).Google Scholar
Klein, Naomi, This Changes Everything: Capitalism versus the Climate (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2014).Google Scholar
Kolodny, Niko, ‘Love as Valuing a Relationship,’ Philosophical Review 112 (2003) 135-89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leopold, Aldo, A Sand County Almanac with Essays on Conservation from Round River (New York: Random House, 1966).Google Scholar
Malhi, Yadvinder, Doughty, Christopher E., Galetti, Mauro, Smith, Felisa A., Svenning, Jens-Christian, and Terborgh, John W., ‘Megafauna and ecosystem function from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene,’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 (2016) 838-846.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mann, Charles C., The Wizard and the Prophet (New York: Vintage Books, 2018).Google Scholar
Marquez, Xavier, ‘An Epistemic Argument for Conservatism,’ Res Publica 22 (2016) 405-422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, Oliver, The Planet Remade: How Geoengineering Could Change the World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Muir, John, My First Summer in the Sierra (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1998).Google Scholar
Page, Robin, ‘Restoring the Countryside,’ in Barnett, A. and Scruton, R. (eds.) Town & Country (London: Johnathan Cape, 1998).Google Scholar
Parfit, Derek, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984).Google Scholar
Pinker, Steven, Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism and Progress (New York: Penguin Random House, 2018).Google Scholar
Raworth, Kate, Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st Century Economist (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2017).Google Scholar
Raz, Joseph, Value, Respect and Attachment (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, Kim Stanley, The Ministry for the Future (New York: Hatchette, 2020).Google Scholar
Roque, BM, Venegas, M, Kinley, RD, de Nys, R, Duarte, TL, Yang, X et al. , ‘Red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) supplementation reduces enteric methane by over 80 percent in beef steersPLoS ONE 16 (2021) e0247820.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sagoff, Mark, ‘Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick Divorce,’ Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 22 (1984) 297-307.Google Scholar
Scanlon, T. M., What We Owe To Each Other (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998).Google Scholar
Scheffler, Samuel, ‘Valuing,’ in Equality and Tradition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 15-40.Google Scholar
Schellenberger, Michael and Norhaus, Ted, Break Through (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2007).Google Scholar
Schmidtz, David and Shahar, Dan C., Environmental Ethics: What Really Matters, What Really Works third edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).Google Scholar
Seidman, Jeffrey, ‘Valuing and Caring,’ Theoria, 75 (2009) 272-303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seidman, Jeffrey, ‘The Unity of Caring and the Rationality of Emotion,’ Philosophical Studies, 173 (2016) 2785-2801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seidman, Jeffrey, ‘Reasons Not to Consider Our Options,’ Journal of the American Philosophical Association, 6 (2020) 353-371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Setiya, Kieren, ‘Love and the Value of a Life,’ Philosophical Review, 123 (2014) 251-280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shumo, M, Osuga, I.M., Khamis, F.M. et al. , ‘The nutritive value of black soldier fly larvae reared on common organic waste streams in Kenya,’ Sci Rep, 9 (2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
David Velleman, J., ‘Love as a Moral Emotion,’ Ethics, vol. 9, no. 2 (Jan. 1999) 338-374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace-Wells, David, The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming (New York: Random House, 2019).Google Scholar
Wiggins, David, Needs, Values, Truth, third edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1998).Google Scholar
Wiggins, David, ‘The Presidential Address: Nature, Respect for Nature, and the Human Scale of Values,’ Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 100 (2000) 1-32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiggins, David, ‘Work, its Moral Meaning or Import,’ Philosophy, 89 (2014) 477-482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, Katherine (ed.), The Drawdown Review 2020: Climate Solutions for a New Decade (San Francisco: Drawdown Publications, 2020).Google Scholar
Williams, Bernard, ‘A Critique of Utilitarianism’ in J.J.C. Smart and Bernard Williams, Utilitarianism: For and Against (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973a).Google Scholar
Williams, Bernard, ‘Ethical Consistency’ in Problems of the Self (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973b).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Bernard, ‘Must a Concern for the Environment Be Centered on Human Beings?,’ in Making Sense of Humanity and other philosophical papers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995) 233-240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar