Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T00:41:40.788Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Knowing with Images: Medium and Message

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Abstract

Problems concerning scientists’ uses of representations have received quite a bit of attention recently. The focus has been on how such representations get their contents and on just what those contents are. Less attention has been paid to what makes certain kinds of scientific representations different from one another and thus well suited to this or that epistemic end. This article considers the latter question with particular focus on the distinction between images and graphs on the one hand and descriptions and related representations on the other.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Philosophy of Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Versions of this article were presented in 2006 at Michael Dietrich's Leslie Humanities Seminar “Pedagogy in the Life Sciences” at Dartmouth, the Pacific American Philosophical Association conference in San Francisco, the “Beyond Mimesis and Nominalism” conference at London School of Economics, and the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Summer School on scientific images in Roscoff, Brittany. I thank the participants for their helpful comments. I also thank Adina Roskies for comments on an early draft of this article. Work for this article was supported by a grant from the Leslie Center for the Humanities at Dartmouth College.

References

Bailer-Jones, Daniela. 2003. “When Scientific Models Represent.” International Studies in Philosophy of Science 17:5974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartels, Andreas. 2006. “Defending the Structural Concept of Representation.” Theoria 21:719.Google Scholar
Barwise, Jon, and Etchemendy, Jon. 1995. “Heterogeneous Logic.” In Diagrammatic Reasoning, ed. Glasgow, Janice, Narayan, N. Hari, and Chandrasekaran, B., 179–93. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI/MIT Press.Google Scholar
Block, Ned. 1983. “The Photographic Fallacy in the Debate about Mental Imagery.” Noûs 17 (4): 651–61..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callender, Craig, and Cohen, Jonathan. 2006. “There Is No Problem of Scientific Representation.” Theoria 21:6785.Google Scholar
Clark, Andy. 1992. “The Presence of a Symbol.” Connection Science 4:193205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Jonathan, and Meskin, Aaron. 2004. “On the Epistemic Value of Photographs.” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 62 (2): 197210..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummins, Robert. 1983. The Nature of Psychological Expanation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Dennett, Daniel. 1969. Content and Consciousness. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Dretske, Fred. 1988. Explaining Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Files, Craig. 1996. “Goodman's Rejection of Resemblance.”British Journal of Aesthetics 36:398402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, Steven. 2003. “A Model-Theoretic Account of Representation (or, I Don’t Know Much about Art … but I Know It Involves Isomorphism).” Philosophy of Science 70 (Proceedings): S1472S1483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gattis, Merideth. 2001. “Reading Pictures: Mapping Conceptual and Spatial Schemas.” In Spatial Schemas and Abstract Thought, ed. Gattis, Merideth, 223–45. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Gattis, Merideth. 2002. “Structure Mapping in Spatial Reasoning.” Cognitive Development 17:1157–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, Nelson. 1976. Languages of Art. 2nd ed. Indianapolis: Hackett.Google Scholar
Gurr, Corin, Lee, John, and Stenning, Keith. 1998. “Theories of Diagrammatic Reasoning: Distinguishing Component Problems.” Minds and Machines 8 (4): 533–57..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, Robert. 1998. Picture, Image, and Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kirsh, David. 1991. “When Is Information Explicitly Represented?” In Information, Language, and Cognition, ed. Hanson, Philip P., 340–65. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.Google Scholar
Kitcher, Philip, and Varzi, Achille. 2000. “Some Pictures Are Worth $2^{\aleph _{0}}$ Sentences.” Philosophy 75:377–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kulvicki, John. 2003. “Image Structure.” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 61 (4): 323–40..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kulvicki, John. 2004. “Isomorphism in Information-Carrying Systems.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 85 (4): 380–95..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kulvicki, John. 2007. “Perceptual Content Is Vertically Articulate.” American Philosophical Quarterly 44 (4): 357–69..Google Scholar
Larkin, Jill, and Simon, Herbert. 1987. “Why a Diagram Is (Sometimes) Worth 10,000 Words.” Cognitive Science 11:6599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levesque, Hector. 1988. “Logic and the Complexity of Reasoning.” Journal of Symbolic Logic 17:355–89.Google Scholar
Lopes, Dominic. 1996. Understanding Pictures. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Neander, Karen. 1987. “Pictorial Representation: A Matter of Resemblance.” British Journal of Aesthetics 27:213–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perini, Laura. 2004. “Convention, Resemblance, and Isomorphism: Understanding Scientific Visual Representations.” In Multidisciplinary Approaches to Visual Representations and Interpretations, ed. Malcolm, Grant, 3748. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Stenning, Kieth. 2002. Seeing Reason: Image and Language in Learning to Think. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suárez, Mauricio. 2003. “Scientific Representation: Against Similarity and Isomorphism.” International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 17:225–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suárez, Mauricio. 2004. “An Inferential Conception of Scientific Representation.” Philosophy of Science 71 (Proceedings): S767S779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tufte, Edward. 1983. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press.Google Scholar
Tye, Michael. 1991. The Imagery Debate. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Walton, Kendall. 1990. Mimesis as Make-Believe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar