Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T14:45:30.190Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Discussion: Astronomy and Antirealism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2022

Dudley Shapere*
Affiliation:
Wake Forest University

Abstract

Relying on an analysis of the case of gravitational lensing, Hacking argues for a “modest antirealism” in astronomy. It is shown here that neither his scientific arguments nor his philosophical doctrines imply an antirealist conclusion. An alternative, realistic interpretation of gravitational lensing, and of the nature and history of astronomy more generally, is suggested.

Type
Discussion
Copyright
Copyright © Philosophy of Science Association 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

I wish to thank J. R. Gott, J. E. Gunn, J. Ostriker, E. Turner, and R. Webster for helpful discussions of gravitational lensing. I am also grateful to the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N. J., for use of its facilities in writing this paper.

Send reprint requests to the author, Wake Forest University, Drawer 7229 Reynolda Station, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.

References

Anonymous, (1990), “Tiniest Gravitational Lens”, Sky and Telescope 79: 127128.Google Scholar
Barnothy, J. (1965), “Quasars and the Gravitational Image Intensifier”, Astronomical Journal 70: 666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnothy, J., and Barnothy, M. F. (1968), “Galaxies as Gravitational Lenses”, Science 162: 348351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blandford, R. D. (1990), “Gravitational Lenses”, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 31: 305331.Google Scholar
De Silva, L. (1970), “Quasi-Stellar Objects and Gravitational Lenses”, Nature 228: 11801181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dressier, A. (1989), “Observational Evidence for Supermassive Black Holes”, in Osterbrock and Miller, pp. 217231.Google Scholar
Gorenstein, M.; Falco, E.; and Shapiro, I. (1988), “Degeneracies in Parameter Estimates for Models of Gravitational Lens Systems”, Astrophysical Journal 327: 693711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gott, J. R. (1981), “Are Heavy Halos Made of Low Mass Stars? A Gravitational Lens Test”, Astrophysical Journal 243: 140146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacking, I. (1983), Representing and Intervening: Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Science. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacking, I. (1989), “Extragalactic Reality: The Case of Gravitational Lensing”, Philosophy of Science 56: 555581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kayser, R. (1990), “Macro- and Micromodels for Gravitational Lenses”, Astrophysical Journal 357: 309320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kayser, R., and Refsdal, S. (1989), “Detectability of Gravitational Microlensing in the Quasar QS02237 + 0305”, Nature 338: 745746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, H. R., and Wiita, P. J. (eds.) (1988), Active Galactic Nuclei: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, October 28–30, 1987. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osterbrock, D. E., and Miller, J. S. (eds.) (1989), Active Galactic Nuclei: Proceedings of the 134th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, Held at Santa Cruz, California, August 15–19, 1988. Dordrecht: Reidel.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostriker, J. P., and Vietri, M. (1985), “Are Some BL Lacs Artefacts of Gravitational Lensing?Nature 318: 446448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peacock, J. (1981), “Gravitational Lenses and Cosmological Evolution”, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 199: 9871006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rees, M. (1989), “Early Evolution of Galaxies”, in Beckman, J. E. and Pagel, B. E. J. (eds.), Evolutionary Phenomena in Galaxies. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, pp. 121.Google Scholar
Robinson, L. J. (1983), “Keepers of Gravitational Lenses [interview of Jeno Barnothy]”, Sky and Telescope 66: 388389.Google Scholar
Sanitt, N. (1971), “Quasi-Stellar Objects and Gravitational Lenses”, Nature 234: 199203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapere, D. (1982), “The Concept of Observation in Science and Philosophy”, Philosophy of Science 49: 485525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapere, D. (1984), Reason and the Search for Knowledge: Investigations in the Philosophy of Science. Dordrecht: Reidel.Google Scholar
Turner, E. L. (1988), “Undetected Gravitational Lensing Events and Quasar Population Statistics”, Princeton Observatory Preprint.Google Scholar
Turner, E. L. (1989), “Recent Optical Observations of Gravitational Lenses”, in Moran, J. M., Hewitt, J. N., and Lo, K. Y. (eds.), Gravitational Lenses: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, in Honour of Bernard F. Burke's 60th Birthday, June 20, 1988. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 6974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weedman, D. (1986), Quasar Astronomy. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar