Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 April 2022
Urbach (1985) has concluded that the use of randomization in the design of clinical and agricultural trials is both inappropriate and ineffective. It is argued here that it is appropriate, as it eliminates the dependence of inference on the unknown precise physical model that underlies a set of observations, and effective, in that it is relatively simple to apply in practice compared with any competing method. Furthermore, it has been proven in practice.
I thank T. W. Hancock, M. M. Morris and G. N. Wilkinson for helpful discussion, and I. Hacking for improvements to the manuscript.