Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T12:53:50.319Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Celebrity Humanitarianism: Using Tropes of Engagement to Understand North/South Relations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2019

Abstract

Celebrity humanitarianism has been transformed in its scope, scale, and organization in the last thirty years. Its flourishing has generated considerable academic interest from a wide variety of disciplines that share two characteristics. First, these studies are—unusually—well connected, which means that different disciplines have not tended to develop their own separate literatures, but learn from each other’s approaches. This makes it useful and important to identify ways different disciplinary approaches can complement each other. Second, most of this attention has focused on politics of celebrity humanitarianism in the global North. Yet focusing also on the South and on North/South relations will move the field forward. We argue that celebrity humanitarianism must be interpreted through the broader systems of which it is a part. We offer a heuristic typology of celebrity humanitarianism that continues to bridge between different disciplines and which identifies ways in which political science can complement existing studies. We also use this typology to refocus work on the politics of celebrity humanitarian relations away from merely Northern politics. This approach allows us to identify what sorts of politics and political solutions are being advocated by current forms of celebrity humanitarianism.

Type
Special Section: Celebrities and Politics
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Atkinson, Matthew D. and DeWitt., Darin 2018. “Does Celebrity Issue Advocacy Mobilize Issue Publics?Political Studies 67(1): 8399. doi: 10.1177/0032321717751294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, Michael. 2005. “Humanitarianism Transformed.” Perspectives on Politics 3(4): 723–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, Michael and Weiss, Thomas G.. 2008. “Humanitarianism: A Brief History of the Present.” In Humanitarianism in Question. Politics, Power, Ethics, ed. Barnett, M. and Weiss, T. G.. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Belloni, Roberto. 2007. “The Trouble with Humanitarianism.” Review of International Studies 33(3): 451–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benwell, Matthew C., Dodds, Klaus and Pinkerton., Alasdair 2012. “Celebrity Geopolitics.” Political Geography 31(7): 405–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergman-Rosamond, Annika. 2016. “Humanitarian Relief Worker Sean Penn: A Contextual Story.” In Celebrity Humanitarianism and North-South Relations. Politics, Place and Power, ed. Richey, L. A.. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bleiker, Roland. 2001. “The Aesthetic Turn in International Political Theory.” Journal of International Studies 30(3): 509–33.Google Scholar
Boltanski, Luc. 1999. Distant Suffering. Morality, Media and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boorstin, Daniel J. 1992 [1961]. The Image. A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America . New York: Vintage Books, Random House.Google Scholar
Boudioni, Markella, Mossman, Jean, L., Alison Jones, Leydon, Geraldine and McPherson, Klim. 1998. “Celebrity’s Death from Cancer Resulted in Increased Calls to CancerBACUP.” British Medical Journal 317: 1016.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braudy, Leo. 1997 [1986]. The Frenzy of Renown. Fame and Its History . New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Brockington, Dan. 2014a. Celebrity Advocacy and International Development . London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brockington, Dan. 2014b. “The Production and Construction of Celebrity Advocacy in International Development.” Third World Quarterly 35(1): 88108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brockington, Dan. 2015. “Towards an International Understanding of the Power of Celebrity Persuasions: A Review and a Research Agenda.” Celebrity Studies 6(4): 486504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brockington, Dan. 2016. “Epilogue: The Politics of Celebrity Humanitarianism.” In Celebrity Humanitarianism and North-South Relations. Politics, Place and Power, ed. Richey, L. A.. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Brockington, Dan and Henson, Spensor. 2015. “Signifying the Public: Celebrity Advocacy and Post-Democratic Politics.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 18(4): 431–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budabin, A. C., Rasmussen, L. M. and Richey, L. A.. 2017. “Celebrity-Led Development Organisations: The Legitimating Function of elite engagement.” Third World Quarterly 38(9): 1952–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budabin, Alexandra Cosima and Richey, Lisa Ann. 2018. “Advocacy Narratives and Celebrity Engagement: The Case of Ben Affleck in Congo.” Human Rights Quarterly 40(2): 260–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budabin, Alexandra Cosima and Richey, Lisa Ann. Forthcoming. Celebrity Humanitarianism in Congo: Business, Disruption and the Politics of Development . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Chapman, Simon and Leask, Julie-Anne. 2001. “Paid Celebrity Endorsement in Health Promotion: A Case Study from Australia.” Health Promotion International 16(4): 333–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chouliaraki, Lilie. 2006. The Spectatorship of Suffering. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Chouliaraki, Lilie. 2010. “Post Humanitarianism: Humanitarian Communication beyond a Politics of Pity.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 13(2): 107–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chouliaraki, Lilie. 2012. “The Theatricality of Humanitarianism: A Critique of Celebrity Advocacy.” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 9(1): 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chouliaraki, Lilie. 2013. The Ironic Spectator. Solidarity in the Age of Post-Humanitarianism . Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Cooley, Alexander and Ron, James. 2002. “The NGO Scramble. Organizational Insecurity and the Political Economy of Transnational Action.” International Security 27(1): 539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, Andrew F. 2008. Celebrity Diplomacy. Boulder, CO: Paradigm.Google Scholar
Cooper, Andrew F., Dobson, Hugo and Wheeler., Mark 2017. “Non-western celebrity politics and diplomacy: introduction.” Celebrity Studies 8(2): 312–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Couldry, Nick and Markham, Tim. 2007. “Celebrity Culture and Public Connection: Bridge or Chasm?International Journal of Cultural Studies 10(4): 403–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, Brendan. 2011. “Campaigning for International Justice: Learning Lessons (1991–2011). Where Next (2011–2015).” Available at https://www.scribd.com/document/373709438/Campaigning-for-International-Justice-Brendan-Cox-May-2011.Google Scholar
Cram, Peter, Mark Fendrick, A., Inadomi, John, Cowen, Mark E., Carpenter, Daniel and Vijan, Sandeep. 2003. “The Impact of a Celebrity Promotional Campaign on the Use of Colon Cancer Screening.” Archives of Internal Medicine 163(13): 1601–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crouch, Colin. 2004. Post-Democracy. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Daley, Patricia. 2013. “Rescuing African Bodies: Celebrities, Consumerism and Neoliberal Humanitarianism.” Review of African Political Economy 40(137): 375–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Waal, A. 1997. Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa. Oxford: James Currey.Google Scholar
Dessler, David and Owen, John. 2005. “Constructivism and the Problem of Explanation: A Review Article.” Persepectives on Politics 3(3): 597610.Google Scholar
Driessens, Olivier. 2013a. “The Celebritization of Society and Culture: Understanding the Structural Dynamics of Celebrity Culture.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 16(6): 641–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Driessens, Olivier. 2013b. “Celebrity Capital: Redefining Celebrity Using Field Theory.” Theory and Society 42: 543–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egeland, Jan. 2013. “Humanitarian Diplomacy.” In The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy ., ed. Cooper, A. F., Heine, J. and Thakur, R.. Oxford: Oxford Handbooks Online. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199588862.013.0020.Google Scholar
Fall, Papa Louis and Tang, Guangting. 2006. “Goodwill Ambassadors in the United Nations System.” Geneva: Joint Inspection Unit.Google Scholar
Fassin, Didier. 2012. Humanitarian Reason. A Moral History of the Present . Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Ferris, Kerry O. 2007. “The Sociology of Celebrity.” Sociology Compass 1(1): 371–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamson, Joshua. 1994. Claims to Fame. Celebrity in Contemporary America . Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Gamson, Joshua. 2001. “The Assembly Line of Greatness: Celebrity in Twentieth-Century America.” In Popular Culture. Production and Consumption, ed. Harrington, C. L. and Bielby, D. D.. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Garthwaite, Craig and Moore, Timothy J.. 2013. “Can Celebrity Endorsements Affect Political Outcomes: Evidence from the 2008 US Democratic Presidential Primary.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organizations 29(2): 355–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, Michael K. 2010. “The Mirror of Consumption: Celebritization, Developmental Consumption and the Shifting Cultural Politics of Fair Trade.” Geoforum 41(1): 104–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, Michael K. 2011. “Celebritus Politicus and Neo-liberal Sustainabilities.” In Contemporary Icons: The Cultural Politics of Neoliberal Capitalism., ed. Fridell, G. and Konings, M.. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Hansen, Lene. 2014. “How Images Make World Politics: International Icons and the Case of Abu Ghraib.” Review of International Studies 4(2): 126.Google Scholar
Hitchens, C. 1995. The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice . London.: Verso.Google Scholar
Hoffman, Peter J. and Weiss, Thomas G.. 2008. “Humanitarianism and Practitioners: Social Science Matters.” In Humanitarianism in Question: Politics, Power, Ethics., ed. Hoffman, P. J. and Weiss, T. G.. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Hoffman, Peter J. and Weiss, Thomas G.. 2018. Humanitarianism, War and Politics: Solferino to Syria and Beyond . London, UK: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar
Holmes, George. 2010. “The Rich, the Powerful and the Endangered: Conservation Elites, Networks and the Dominican Republic.” Antipode 42(3): 624–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hood, Joanna. 2016. “Celebrity Philanthropy in China. “The Political Critique of Pu Cunxin’s AIDS Heroism.” In Celebrity Humanitarianism and North-South Relations. Politics, Place and Power, ed. Richey, L. A.. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hopgood, Stephen. 2008. “Saying ‘No’ to Wal-Mart? Money and Morality in Professional Humanitarianism.” In Humanitarianism in Question: Politics, Power, Ethics, ed. Barnett, M. and Weiss, T. G.. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Huang, Martin W. 2003. “From Caizi to Yingxiong: Imagining Masculinities in Two Qing Novels, Yesou puyan and Sanfen meng quan zhuan.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 25: 5998.Google Scholar
Igoe, Jim. 2010. “The Spectacle of Nature in the Global Economy of Appearances: Anthropological Engagements with the Spectacular Mediations of Transnational Conservation.” Critique of Anthropology 30(4): 375–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Igoe, Jim. 2017. The Nature of Spectacle: On Images, Money, and Conserving Capitalism. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Nathan. 2008. Bono’s Politics. The Future of Celebrity Activism. Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Verlag.Google Scholar
Jerslev, Anne. 2014. “Celebrification, Authenticity, Gossip: The Celebrity Humanitarian.” Nordicom Review 35: 171–86.Google Scholar
Kapoor, Ilan. 2012. Celebrity Humanitarianism: The Ideology of Global Charity . London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kearns, Matthew. 2017. “Gender, Visuality and Violence: Visual Securitization and the 2001 War in Afghanistan.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 19(4): 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krause, Monika. 2014. The Good Project: Humanitarian Relief NGOs and the Fragmentation of Reason . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Littler, Jo. 2008. “‘I Feel Your Pain’: Cosmopolitan Charity and the Public Fashioning of the Celebrity Soul.” Social Semiotics 18(2): 237–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magubane, Zine. 2004. Bringing the Empire Home: Race, Class, and Gender in Britain and Colonial South Africa . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Maitrot, Mathilde. 2014. “The Social Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Rural Bangladesh.” PhD dissertation, IDPM, University of Manchester, Manchester.Google Scholar
Majic, Samantha A. 2017. “Real Men Set Norms? Anti-trafficking Campaigns and the Limits of Celebrity Norm Entrepreneurship.” Crime, Media and Culture: An International Journal 14(2): 289309. doi.org/10.1177/1741659017714518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, David S. and Gamson., Joshua 1995. “The Challenge of Cultural Elites: Celebrities and Social Movements.” Sociological Inquiry 65(2): 181206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, Katharyne. 2017. “‘Factivism’: A New Configuration of Humanitarian Reason.” Geopolitics 22(1): 110–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, Shira, Gelman, Andrew, Ross, Rebecca, Chen, Joyce, Bari, Sehrish, Kim Huynh, Uyen, Harris, Matthew W., Sachs, Sonia Ehrlich, Stuart, Elizabeth A., Feller, Avi, Makela, Susanna, Zaslavsky, Alan M., McClellan, Lucy, Ohemeng-Dapaah, Seth, Namakula, Patricia, Palm, Cheryl A. and Sachs, Jeffrey D.. 2018. “The Millennium Villages Project: A Retrospective, Observational, Endline Evaluation.” Lancet Global Health 6(5): e500–e13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mostafanezhad, Mary. 2013. “‘Getting in Touch with your Inner Angelina’: Celebrity Humanitarianism and the Cultural Politics of Gendered Generosity in Volunteer Tourism.” Third World Quarterly 34(3): 485–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mostafanezhad, Mary. 2016. “Angelina Jolie and the Everyday Geopolitics of Celebrity Humanitarianism in a Thailand-Burma Border Town.” In Celebrity Humanitarianism and North-South Relations. Politics, Place and Power, ed. Richey, L. A.. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mostafanezhad, Mary. 2017. “Celebrity Humanitarianism and the Popular Geopolitics of Hope along the Thai-Burma Border.” Political Geography 58: 6776.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mupotsa, Danai. 2016. “Sophie’s Special Secret: Public Feeling, Consumption and Celebrity Activism in Post-Apartheid South Africa.” In Celebrity Humanitarianism and North-South Relations. Politics, Place and Power, ed. Richey, L. A.. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Partzsch, Lena. 2018. “Take Action Now: The Legitimacy of Celebrity Power in International Relations.” Global Governance 24: 229–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peck, Janice. 2012. “Looking a Gift Horse in the Mouth: Oprah Winfrey and the Politics of Philanthropy.” Celebrity Studies 3(1): 106–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rai, Shirin M. 2015. “Political Performance: A Framework for Analysing Democratic Politics.” Political Studies 63: 1179–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Repo, Jemima and Yrjölä, Riina. 2011. “The Gender Politics of Celebrity Humanitarianism in Africa.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 13(1): 4462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richey, Lisa Ann. 2016. “Introduction: Celebrity Humanitarianism and North-South Relations—Politics, Place and Power.” In Celebrity Humanitarianism and North-South Relations. Politics, Place and Power ., ed. Richey, L. A.. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Richey, Lisa Ann and Budabin, Alexandra Cosima. 2018. “Celebritizing Conflict: How Ben Affleck Sells the Congo to Americans.” Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development 7(1): 2746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richey, Lisa Ann and Christiansen, Lene Bull. 2018. “Afropolitanism, Celebrity Politics and Iconic Imaginations of North-South Relations.” African Affairs 117(467): 238–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richey, Lisa Ann and Ponte, Stefano. 2008. “Better (Red)™ than Dead? Celebrities, Consumption and International Aid.” Third World Quarterly 29(4): 711–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richey, Lisa Ann and Ponte, Stefano. 2011. Brand Aid: Shopping Well to Save the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Rojek, Chris. 2001. Celebrity. London: Reaktion Books Ltd.Google Scholar
Sachs, Jeffrey D. 2018. “Lessons from the Millennium Villages Project: A Personal Perspective.” Lancet Global Health 6(5): e472–e4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sahlins, Marshall. 1993. “Goodby to Tristes Tropes: Ethnography in the Context of Modern World History.” Journal of Modern History 65(1): 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schickel, Richard. 2000 [1985]. Intimate Strangers. The Culture of Celebrity in America. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.Google Scholar
Spurr, David. 1993. The Rhetoric of Empire: Colonial Discourse in Journalism, Travel Writing, and Imperial Administration. Durham: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, Janice Gross. 2008. “Humanitarian Organizations: Accountable—Why, to Whom, for What and How?” In Humanitarianism in Question: Politics, Power, Ethics, ed. Barnett, M. and Weiss, T. G.. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Stoler, Ann. 1992. “Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers: European Identities and the Cultural Politics of Exclusion in Colonial Southeast Asia.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 34(3): 514–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Street, John. 2002. “Bob, Bono and Tony B: The Popular Artist as Politician.” Media, Culture and Society 24: 433–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Street, John. 2003. “‘Fight the Power’: The Politics of Music and the Music of Politics.” Government and Opposition 38(1): 113–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Street, John. 2004. “Celebrity Politicians: Popular Culture and Political Representation.” British Journal of Politics and International Relations 6: 435–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Street, John. 2012. “Do Celebrity Politics and Celebrity Politicians Matter?British Journal of Politics and International Relations 14: 111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Street, John, Hague, Seth and Savigny, Heather. 2008. “Playing to the Crowd: The Role of Music and Musicians in Political Participation.” British Journal of Politics and International Relations 10: 269–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, James. 2014. Humanitarian Performance: From Disaster Tragedies to Spectacles of War . London: Seagull Books.Google Scholar
Thrall, A. Trevor, Lollio-Fakhreddine, Jaime, Berent, Jon, Donnelly, Lana, Herrin, Wes, Paquette, Zachary, Wenglinski, Rebecca and Wyatt, Amy. 2008. “Star Power: Celebrity Advocacy and the Evolution of the Public Sphere.” International Journal of Press/Politics 13(4): 362–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsaliki, Liza, Frangonikolopoulos, Christos A. and Huliaras, Asteris. 2011. Transnational Celebrity Activism in Global Politics. Changing the World? Bristol: Intellect.Google Scholar
Turner, Graeme. 2004. Understanding Celebrity. London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walton, Oliver. 2018. “Beyond Disaster Framing: Exploring Multimandate INGOs’ Representations of Conflict.” Third World Quarterly 39(4): 642–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, Max. 2003 [1904–1905]. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Trans. Parsons, Talcott. New York: Dover.Google Scholar
Weiss, Thomas G. 2016. Humanitarian Intervention. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Wendt, Alexander. 1999. Social Theory of International Politics . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, Darrell M. 2008. “Angelina, Mia and Bono: Celebrities and International Development.” In Global Development 2.0. Can Philanthropists, the Public and the Poor Make Poverty History? ed. Brainard, L. and Chollet, D.. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
West, Darrell M. and Orman, J.. 2003. Celebrity Politics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Wexler, Laura. 2000. Tender Violence: Domestic Visions in an Age of US Imperialism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Wheeler, Mark. 2011. “Celebrity Diplomacy: United Nations’ Goodwill Ambassadors and Messengers of Peace.” Celebrity Studies 2(1): 618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, Mark. 2013. Celebrity Politics. Image and Identity in Contemporary Political Communications . Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Wilson, Japhy. 2014. Jeffrey Sachs: The Strange Case of Dr. Shock and Mr. Aid. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Wilson, Julie. 2011. “A New Kind of Star Is Born: Audrey Hepburn and the Global Governmentalisation of Female Stardom.” Celebrity Studies 2(1): 5668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zalewski, Marysia and Parpart, Jane. 2008. “Introduction: Rethinking the Man Question.” In Rethinking the Man Question: Sex, Gender and Violence in International Relations ., ed. Parpart, J. and Zalewski, M.. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar