Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T07:40:16.732Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

People, climate and alluviation: theory, research design and new sedimentological and stratigraphic data from Etruria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2013

Get access

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © British School at Rome 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ashby, T. and Fell, R.A.L. (1921) The Via Flaminia. Journal of Roman Studies 11: 125–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, G.N., Lewin, J., Macklin, M.G. and Woodward, J.C. (1990) The ‘Older Fill’ of the Voidomatis Valley, northwest Greece and its relationship to the palaeolithic archaeology and glacial history of the region. Journal of Archaeological Science 17: 145–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbero, M., Bonin, G., Loisel, R. and Quézel, P. (1990) Changes and disturbance of forest ecosystems caused by human activities in the western part of the mediterranean basin. Vegetatio 87: 151–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, G. (1988) The archaeology of the Etruscan countryside. Antiquity 62: 772–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, G. and Hunt, C.O. (1995) The dynamics of human activity and valley fill processes in the Biferno valley, Molise, Italy. In Lewin, J., Macklin, M.G. and Woodward, J. (eds), Mediterranean Quaternary River Environments: 145–58. Rotterdam, Balkema.Google Scholar
Barker, G. and Rasmussen, T. (1988) The archaeology of an Etruscan polis: a preliminary report on the Tuscania project (1986 and 1987 seasons). Papers of the British School at Rome 56: 2542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, M.G. (1986) Archaeological evidence for the date, cause and extent of soil erosion on the chalk. In Burnham, C.P. and Pitman, J.I. (eds), Soil Erosion (Journal of the South East England Soils Discussion Group): 7283.Google Scholar
Bell, M. (1992) The prehistory of soil erosion. In Bell, M. and Boardman, J. (eds), Past and Present Soil Erosion (Oxbow Monographs): 2136. Oxford, Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Bintliff, J.L. (1977) Natural Environment and Human Settlement in Prehistoric Southern Greece. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 28.Google Scholar
Bintliff, J.L. (1992) Erosion in the Mediterranean lands: a reconsideration of pattern, process and methodology. In Bell, M. and Boardman, J. (eds), Past and Present Soil Erosion (Oxbow Monographs): 125–31. Oxford, Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Bintliff, J.L. and Snodgrass, A.M. (1988) Mediterranean survey and the city. Antiquity 62: 5771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackie, P. (1985) The Political Economy of Soil Erosion in Developing Countries. London, Longman.Google Scholar
Blanc, A.C. (1957) On the Pleistocene sequence of Rome. Quaternaria 4: 95109.Google Scholar
Boardman, J. (1986) The context of soil erosion. In Burnham, C.P. and Pitman, J.I. (eds), Soil Erosion (Journal of the South East England Soils Discussion Group): 213.Google Scholar
Boardman, J., Dearing, J.A. and Foster, I.D.L. (1990) Soil erosion studies; some assessments. In Boardman, J., Foster, I.D.L. and Dearing, J.A. (eds), Soil Erosion on Agricultural Land: 659–72. Chichester, Wiley.Google Scholar
Boardman, J. and Bell, M. (1992) Past and present soil erosion: linking archaeology and geomorphology. In Bell, M. and Boardman, J. (eds), Past and Present Soil Erosion (Oxbow Monographs): 18. Oxford, Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Bonatti, E. (1963) Stratigraphia pollinica dei sedimenti postglaciali di Baccano, lago craterico del Lazio. Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali Residente in Pisa. Memorie Serie A, Processi Verbali 70: 40–8.Google Scholar
Boserup, E. (1965) The Conditions of Agricultural Growth. Chicago, Aldine.Google Scholar
Brown, A.G. (1987) Long-term sediment storage in the Severn and Wye catchments. In Gregory, K.J., Lewin, J. and Thornes, J.B. (eds), Palaeohydrology in Practice: 307–22. Chichester, Wiley.Google Scholar
Brown, A.G. (1990) Soil erosion and fire in areas of Mediterranean type vegetation: results from chaparral in southern California, USA and matorral in Andalucia, southern Spain. In Thornes, J.B. (ed.), Vegetation and Erosion: 269–87. Chichester, J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Brown, A.G. and Barber, K.E. (1985) Late Holocene palaeoecology and sedimentary history of a small lowland catchment in Central England. Quaternary Research 24: 87102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunsden, D. and Thornes, J.B. (1979) Landscape sensitivity and change. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 4: 463–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, R.F. (1992) Palaeomagnetism. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publishing.Google Scholar
Calderoni, G., Coltorti, M., Dramis, F., Magnetti, M. and Cilla, G. (1991) Sedimentazione fluviale e variazioni climatche nell'alto bacino del fiume Esino durante il Pleistocene Superiore. In Fenomeni di Erosione e Alluvionamenti degli Alvei Fluviali (Proceedings of a conference at the Università degli studi di Ancona, Ancona, 1415 October, 1991).Google Scholar
Christie, N. (in press) Barren fields? Landscapes and settlements in late and post-Roman Italy. In Shipley, G. and Salmon, J. (eds), Human Landscapes in the Ancient World (Leicester–Nottingham Papers in Ancient History). London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Clarke, A.J., Tarling, D.H. and Nöel, M. (1988) Developments in archaeomagnetic dating in Britain. Journal of Archaeological Science 15: 645–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coltorti, M. (1991) Modificazioni morfologiche Oloceniche nelle piane alluvionali Marchigiani: alcuni esempi nei fiumi Misa, Cesano e Musone. Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria 14: 7386.Google Scholar
Coltorti, M., Consoli, M., Dramis, F., Gentili, B. and Pambianchi, G. (1991) Evoluzione geomorfologica delle piane alluvionale delle Marche centro-meridionale. Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria 14: 87100.Google Scholar
Davidson, D.A. (1980) Erosion in Greece during the first and second millenia BC. In Cullingford, R.A., Davidson, D.A. and Lewin, J. (eds), Timescales in Geomorphology: 143–58. Chichester, Wiley.Google Scholar
Delano-Smith, C. (1981) Valley changes: some observations from recent field and archive work in Italy. In Barker, G. and Hodges, R. (eds), Archaeology and Italian Society: Prehistoric, Roman and Medieval Studies: 239–47. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 102.Google Scholar
D'Onofrio, C. (1980) Il Tevere: l'Isola tiberina, le inondazioni, i molini, i porti, le rive, i muraglioni, i ponti di Roma. Rome, Romana Società Editrice.Google Scholar
Eisma, D. (1964) Stream deposition in the Mediterranean area in historical times. Nature 202: 1061.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, M.E. and Mareschal, M. (1989) Secular variation and magnetic dating of fired structures in southern Italy. In Maniatis, Y. (ed.), Archaeometry, Proceedings of 25th International Symposium. Amsterdam, Elsevier.Google Scholar
Flohn, H. and Fantechi, R. (1984) The Climate of Europe: Past, Present and Future. Dordrecht, D. Rheidel Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Fornaseri, M. (1985) Geochronology of volcanic rocks from Latium (Italy). Rendiconti della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia 40: 73106.Google Scholar
Frank, A.H.E. (1969) Pollen stratigraphy of the Lake of Vico (Central Italy). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 6: 6785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbertson, D.D. (1986) Runoff (floodwater) farming and rural water supply in arid lands. Applied Geography 6: 512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, C. (1988) IV environmental studies. In Barker, G. and Rasmussen, T., The archaeology of an Etruscan polis: a preliminary report on the Tuscania project (1986 and 1987 seasons): 34–7. Papers of the British School at Rome 56: 2542.Google Scholar
Hunt, C.O., Gilbertson, D.D. and Donahue, R.E. (1992) Palaeoenvironmental evidence for agricultural soil erosion from late Holocene deposits in the Montagnole Senese, Italy. In Bell, M. and Boardman, J. (eds), Past and Present Soil Erosion (Oxbow Monographs): 163–74. Oxford, Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, E. (1970) (ed.) Ianula: an Account of the History and Development of the Lago di Monterosi, Latium, Italy (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 40).Google Scholar
Imeson, A.C. (1983) Studies of erosion thresholds in semi-arid areas: field measurements of soil loss and infiltration in northern Morocco. In de Ploey, J. (ed.), Rainfall Simulation, Runoff and Soil Erosion (Catena Supplement 4): 7989. Braunschwig.Google Scholar
Imeson, A.C. and Kwaad, F.J.P.M. (1990) The response of tilled soils to wetting by rainfall and the dynamic character of soil erodibility. In Boardman, J., Foster, I.D.L. and Dearing, J.A. (eds), Soil Erosion on Agricultural Land: 314. Chichester, Wiley.Google Scholar
Irving, E. (1964) Palaeomagnetism and its Applications to Geological and Geophysical Problems. Chichester, J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Johnson, G.A. (1982) Organisational structure and scalar stress. In Renfrew, C., Rowlands, M.J. and Segraves, B.A. (eds), Theory and Explanation in Archaeology. London/New York, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Jones, G.D.B. (1960) Veii: the Valchetta baths. Papers of the British School at Rome 26: 63134.Google Scholar
Jones, G.D.B. (1963) Capena and the Ager Capenas. Part II, IV (j) The Via Tiberina. Papers of the British School at Rome 18: 100–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judson, S. 1963. Erosion and deposition of Italian stream valleys during historic time. Science 140: 898–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Judson, S. (1983) Alluviation and erosion. In Fentress, E., Judson, S., Blagg, T., de Vos, M. and Arthur, P., Excavations at Fosso della Crescenza, 1962: 70–2. Papers of the British School at Rome 51: 58101.Google Scholar
Kelly, M.G. and Huntley, B. (1991) An 11,000-year record of vegetation and environment from Lago di Martignano, Latium, Italy. Journal of Quaternary Science 6: 209–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kutzbach, J.E. (1981) Monsoon climate of the early Holocene: climate experiment with the earth's orbital parameters for 9,000 years ago. Science 214: 5961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewin, J., Macklin, M.C. and Woodward, J.C. (1991) Late Quaternary fluvial sedimentation in the Voidomatis basin, Epirus, northwest Greece. Quaternary Research 35: 103–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewin, J., Macklin, M.G. and Woodward, J. (1995) Mediterranean Quaternary River Environments. Rotterdam, Balkema.Google Scholar
Livi-Bacci, M. (1991) Population and Nutrition (Cambridge Studies in Population, Economy and Society in Past Time). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lockeretz, W. (1978) The lessons of the Dustbowl. American Scientist 66: 560–9.Google Scholar
Losaco, U. (1967) Notizie e considerazioni sulle inondazioni d'Arno in Firenze. L'Universo 47: 720820.Google Scholar
Meiggs, R. (1973) Roman Ostia (second edition). Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Morgan, R.P.C. (1979) Soil Erosion. London, Longman.Google Scholar
Mortorell, R. and Ho, T.J. (1984) Malnutrition, morbidity and mortality. In Mosley, H. and Chen, L. (eds), Child Survival: Strategies for Research (Supplement to Population and Development Review 10): 63.Google Scholar
Nöel, M. and Batt, C.M. (1990) A method for correcting geographically separated remanence direction for the purpose of archaeomagnetic dating. Geophysical Journal International 102: 753–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pons, A. and Quezel, P. (1985) The history of the flora and vegetation and past and present human disturbance in the Mediterranean region. In Gomez-Campo, C. (ed.), Plant Conservation in the Mediterranean Area: 2543. Dordrecht, W. Junk.Google Scholar
Pope, K.O and van Andel, T.H. (1984) Late Quaternary alluviation and soil formation in the Southern Argolid: its history, causes and archaeological implications. Journal of Archaeological Science 11: 281306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potter, T.W. (1976a) A Faliscan Town in South Etruria. Excavations at Narce 1966–1971. London, British School at Rome.Google Scholar
Potter, T.W. (1976b) Valley and settlement: some new evidence. World Archaeology 8: 207–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potter, T.W. (1979) The Changing Landscape of South Etruria. London, Paul Elek.Google Scholar
Shotton, F.W. (1978) Archaeological inferences from the study of alluvium in the lower Severn-Avon valleys. In Limbrey, S. and Evans, J.G. (eds), Man's Effect on the Landscape: The Lowland Zone (Council for British Archaeology Research Report 21): 2732. London, Council for British Archaeology.Google Scholar
Tarling, D.H. (1989) Palaeomagnetism. Principles and Applications in Geology, Geophysics and Archaeology. London, Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Thompson, R. and Oldfield, F. (1986) Environmental Magnetism. London, Allen and Unwin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornes, J.B. and Gilman, A. (1983) Potential and actual erosion around archaeological sites in south-east Spain. Catena Supplement 4: 91113.Google Scholar
Tiffen, M., Mortimore, M. and Gichuki, F. (1994) More People, Less Erosion: Environmental Recovery in Kenya. London, Overseas Development Institute/Wiley.Google Scholar
Trimble, S.W. (1981) Changes in sediment storage in the Coon Creek basin, Driftless Area, Wisconsin, 1853 to 1975. Science 214: 181–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Andel, T.H., Runnels, C.N. and Pope, K.O. (1986a) Five thousand years of land use and abuse in the southern Argolid, Greece. Hesperia 55: 103–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Andel, T.H., Jacobsen, T.W., Jolly, J.B. and Lianos, N. (1986b) Late Quaternary history of the coastal zone near Frangthi cave, southern Argolid, Greece. Journal of Field Archaeology 7: 389402.Google Scholar
van Andel, T.H., Zangger, E. and Demitrack, A. (1990) Land use and soil erosion in prehistoric and historical Greece. Journal of Field Archaeology 17: 379–96.Google Scholar
Vita-Finzi, C. (1969) The Mediterranean Valleys. Geological Changes in Historical Times. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Vita-Finzi, C. (1976) Diachronism in Old World alluvial sequences. Nature 263: 218–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vita-Finzi, C. and Judson, S. (1964) Recent deposition and erosion in valleys of the Mediterranean basin. Geological Society of America Special Paper 76: 172–3.Google Scholar
Wagstaff, J.M. (1981) Buried assumptions: some problems in the interpretation of the ‘Younger Fill’ raised by recent data from Greece. Journal of Archaeological Science 8: 247–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagstaff, M. (1992) Agricultural terraces: the Vasilikos valley, Cyprus. In Bell, M. and Boardman, J. (eds), Past and Present Soil Erosion (Oxbow Monographs): 155–62. Oxford, Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Ward-Perkins, J.B. (1962) Etruscan towns, Roman roads and Medieval villages: the historical geography of southern Etruria. Geographical Journal 128: 389405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward-Perkins, B., Mills, N., Gadd, D. and Delano-Smith, C. (1986) Luni and the Ager Lunensis: the rise and fall of a Roman town and its territory. Papers of the British School at Rome 54: 81146.Google Scholar
Worster, D. (1979) Dust Bowl. The Southern Plains in the 1930s. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zanger, E. (1992) Neolithic to present soil erosion in Greece. In Bell, M. and Boardman, J. (eds), Past and Present Soil Erosion (Oxbow Monographs): 133–47. Oxford, Oxbow Books.Google Scholar