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ESTABLISHING A DYNASTY IN IDEOLOGY AND PRACTICE: THE AEDES VESTAE AUREI OF VESPASIAN

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2023

Scott Lawin Arcenas  and
George C. Watson
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Abstract

This paper uses a Flavian aureus type depicting the aedes Vestae to explore both the ideological and the practical aspects of using coinage to propagate a dynasty. Firstly, we analyse the type from an iconographic perspective and argue that it should not be understood as a simple referent to the building itself, but rather as a complex interplay of different semantic units, intended to convey messages of dynastic harmony and security. Secondly, we use a die study to reconstruct the minting process and use our findings to elucidate the transformation of Roman coin production during the Flavian period. Taken together, the two parts of the paper demonstrate both the importance and the pay-offs of studying Roman coinage holistically, that is, with an integrated approach that combines iconographic and technical analysis. A catalogue of coins considered in the die study is provided as an appendix.

L'articolo utilizza un tipo di aureo di età flavia raffigurante l’aedes Vestae per esplorare sia gli aspetti ideologici sia quelli pratici dell'uso della moneta in supporto di una specifica dinastia. Nella prima parte del contributo, il tipo viene analizzato dal punto di vista iconografico e si sostiene come non debba essere inteso come un semplice riferimento all'edificio in sé, ma piuttosto come un complesso gioco di diverse unità semantiche, destinate a trasmettere messaggi di armonia e sicurezza dinastica. Nella seconda parte, si utilizza uno studio dei coni per ricostruire il processo di coniazione e i risultati vengono utilizzati per chiarire la trasformazione della produzione di monete romane durante il periodo flavio. Le due parti del lavoro, considerate nel loro complesso, dimostrano l'importanza e i vantaggi di uno studio della monetazione romana olistico, cioè di un approccio integrato, che combini analisi iconografiche e sulla tecnica. In appendice viene infine fornito un catalogo delle monete prese in considerazione nello studio dei coni.

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Papers of the British School at Rome , Volume 91 , October 2023 , pp. 35 - 92
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Copyright © British School at Rome 2023

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Footnotes

1

This paper is offered in memory of Professor Ted Buttrey. Many people have offered help and advice throughout this project, and we extend our thanks to Andrew Burnett, François de Callataÿ, Johan van Heesch, Alicia Jimenez, Saskia Kerschbaum, Bill Metcalf, Federico Pastrone, Adi Popescu, Jen Trimble, Terry Volk, David Weidgenannt and Bernhard Woytek. We would also like to thank Fran Stroobants (Brussels), Jesper Ericsson (Glasgow), Volker Heuchert (Oxford), Helle Horsnaes (Copenhagen) and Klaus Vondrovec (Vienna), who kindly supplied us with images of coins in their collections. Publication of this article was supported in part by a grant from the Baldridge Book Subvention fund through the Humanities Institute of the College of Humanities and Sciences at the University of Montana. Abbreviations of Roman primary sources follow the guidelines of the Oxford Classical Dictionary, eds S. Hornblower, A. Spawforth and E. Eidinow (Oxford University Press, fourth edition 2012, and online). Further abbreviations can be found in the References. References to RIC without further qualification are to RIC II.12, and unless a page number is supplied, to the coin types of Vespasian.

References

References

ANS

American Numismatic Society, New York

B

Münzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (numbering refers to object numbers in the online catalogue)

Bologna

Museo Civico Archeologico, Bologna

Boston

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Brussels

Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique, Brussels

Budapest

Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Budapest

C

Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Cop

Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen

Frankfurt

Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt am Main

G

Hunterian Museum, Glasgow

Gaziantep

Adıyaman Müzesi, Gaziantep

Göttweig

Benediktinerstift Göttweig

Harvard

Harvard Arts Museum, Harvard

L

British Museum, London

Luton

Wardown House Museum and Gallery, Luton

Mad

Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid

Naples

Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli

Netherlands NNC

Nationale Numismatische Collectie, The Netherlands

Nîmes

Musée de la Romanité, Nîmes

O

Ashmolean Museum, Oxford

P

Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

R

Museo Nazionale, Rome

Seville

Gabinete Numismático Municipal, Seville

St Paul

Benediktinerstift St Paul im Lavanttal

Toulouse

Musée Saint-Raymond, Toulouse

Trier

Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Trier

V

Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Vatican

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City

Wilhering

Zisterzienserstift Wilhering

American Numismatic Society, New York

Münzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (numbering refers to object numbers in the online catalogue)

Museo Civico Archeologico, Bologna

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique, Brussels

Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Budapest

Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen

Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt am Main

Hunterian Museum, Glasgow

Adıyaman Müzesi, Gaziantep

Benediktinerstift Göttweig

Harvard Arts Museum, Harvard

British Museum, London

Wardown House Museum and Gallery, Luton

Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid

Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli

Nationale Numismatische Collectie, The Netherlands

Musée de la Romanité, Nîmes

Ashmolean Museum, Oxford

Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

Museo Nazionale, Rome

Gabinete Numismático Municipal, Seville

Benediktinerstift St Paul im Lavanttal

Musée Saint-Raymond, Toulouse

Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Trier

Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City

Zisterzienserstift Wilhering

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Arquennes hoard

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BMCRE

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BNC

Giard, J.-B. (1998) Monnaies de l'Empire romain. III. Du soulèvement de 68 après J.-C. à Nerva. Paris/Strasbourg, Bibliothèque Nationale de France.

Calicó

Calicó, X. (2003) The Roman Aurei I: From the Republic to Pertinax, 196 B.C. – 193 A.D. Barcelona, X. & F. Calicó.

CH

Coin Hoards

CHRB

Coin Hoards of Roman Britain

Didcot hoard

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Du Chastel

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EDCS

Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss/Slaby, https://db.edcs.eu

HCC

Robertson, A.S. (1962) Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow: 1. Augustus to Nerva. London, Oxford University Press.

Liberchies hoard

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Mazzini

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RIC / RIC II.12

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RIC I2

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RIC II1

Mattingly, H. and Sydenham, E.A. (1926) The Roman Imperial Coinage II: Vespasian to Hadrian. London, Spink.

RIC IV.1

Mattingly, H. and Sydenham, E.A. (1936) The Roman Imperial Coinage IV Pt 1: From Pertinax to Geta. London, Spink.

Sear, Roman Coins

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Shillington hoard

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Trier hoard

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TVB's files

Photo file records of Professor Ted Buttrey

via Po hoard

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Alfaro Asins, C. (1993) Catálogo de las monedas antiguas de oro del Museo Arqueológico Nacional. Madrid, Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Hoard recorded in archive in Brussels, now dispersed.

Mattingly, H. (1930) Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum II: Vespasian to Domitian. London, British Museum.

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Coin Hoards

Coin Hoards of Roman Britain

Bland, R. and Orna-Ornstein, J. (1997) Didcot, Oxfordshire: 126 aurei to AD 160. In CHRB X, London, 91–100.

de Callataÿ, F. and van Heesch, J. (1999) Greek and Roman Coins from the Du Chastel Collection: Coin Cabinet of the Royal Library of Belgium. London, Spink.

Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss/Slaby, https://db.edcs.eu

Robertson, A.S. (1962) Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow: 1. Augustus to Nerva. London, Oxford University Press.

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