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The prevalence rates and sequelae of delirium at age older than 90 years

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2020

Samuel Gehrke ,
Leonie Bode ,
Annina Seiler Open the ORCID record for Annina Seiler [Opens in a new window] ,
Jutta Ernst ,
Roland von Känel  and
Soenke Boettger Open the ORCID record for Soenke Boettger [Opens in a new window]
Samuel Gehrke
Affiliation:
Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091Zurich, Switzerland
Leonie Bode
Affiliation:
Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091Zurich, Switzerland
Annina Seiler
Affiliation:
Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091Zurich, Switzerland
Jutta Ernst
Affiliation:
University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Institute of Nursing Science, Ramistrasse 100, 8091Zurich, Switzerland
Roland von Känel
Affiliation:
Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091Zurich, Switzerland
Soenke Boettger*
Affiliation:
Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091Zurich, Switzerland
*
Author for correspondence: Soenke Boettger, Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Ramistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Objective

Although age and pre-existent dementia are robust risk factors for developing delirium, evidence for patients older than 90 years is lacking. Therefore, this study assesses the delirium prevalence rates and sequelae in this age group.

Method

Based on a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-5, Delirium Observation screening scale (DOS), and Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) construct, in this prospective cohort study, the prevalence rates and sequelae of delirium were determined in 428 patients older than 90 years by simple logistic regressions and corresponding odds ratios (ORs).

Results

The overall prevalence delirium rate was 45.2%, with a wide range depending upon specialty: intermediate and intensive care services (83.1%), plastic surgery and palliative care (75%), neurology (72%), internal medicine (69%) vs. dermatology (26.5%), and angiology (14.5%). Delirium occurred irrespective of age and gender; however, pre-existent dementia was the strongest delirium predictor (OR 36.05). Delirious patients were less commonly admitted from home (OR 0.47) than from assisted living (OR 2.24), indicating functional impairment. These patients were more severely ill, as indicated by emergency (OR 3.25) vs. elective admission (OR 0.3), requirement for intensive care management (OR 2.12) and ventilation (OR 5.56–8.33). At discharge, one-third did not return home (OR 0.22) and almost half were transferred to assisted living (OR 2.63), or deceased (OR 47.76).

Significance of results

At age older than 90 years, the prevalence and sequelae of delirium are substantial. In particular, functional impairment and pre-existent dementia predicted delirium and subsequently, the loss of independence and death were imminent.

Keywords

DeliriumImpact of deliriumOlder than 90 yearsPrevalence rateSequelae
Type
Original Article
Information
Palliative & Supportive Care , Volume 19 , Issue 5 , October 2021 , pp. 552 - 557
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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