Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:02:09.199Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Losing a parent to cancer: A preliminary investigation into the needs of adolescents and young adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2010

Pandora Patterson*
Affiliation:
CanTeen Australia, M. Clin. Psych, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Anita Rangganadhan
Affiliation:
CanTeen Australia, M. Clin. Psych, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Pandora Patterson, CanTeen Australia, National Office, GPO Box 3821, Sydney NSW 2001, Australia. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Objective:

Research into parental loss has led to an understanding of the types of reactions and responses that children, and to a lesser extent adolescents and young adults, have when a parent dies. Only limited studies, however, have directly investigated the psychosocial needs of young people during this period. The aim of the current study was to identify and better understand the needs of adolescents and young adults who have lost a parent to cancer, and to ascertain the extent to which these needs had been met.

Method:

As the study is exploratory in nature, a qualitative questionnaire was used to explore the needs and unmet needs of adolescents and young adults who have had a parent die of cancer. Sixty-two parentally bereaved young people aged 12–23 participated.

Results:

The data were thematically analyzed and seven conceptually distinct need themes emerged, namely: support and understanding; help coping with feelings; to talk to people who have had a similar experience; information; have a break/have fun; space and time to grieve; and help with household responsibilities.

Significance of results:

The research findings will assist health professionals in developing services and interventions which are more responsive to the needs of parentally bereaved young people.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adams-Greenly, M., Beldoch, N. & Moynihan, R. (1986). Helping adolescents whose parents have cancer. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 2, 133138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Armstrong-Rowe, L. (1999). The positive effects of peer support for young people with cancer and their siblings. Paper presented at the 26th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Clinical Oncological Society of Australia Inc.Google Scholar
Asadi-Lari, M., Tamburini, M. & Gray, D. (2004). Patients' needs, satisfaction, and health related quality of life: towards a comprehensive model. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2, 115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, J., Sedney, M. & Gross, E. (1992). Psychological tasks for bereaved children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 62, 105116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berlinsky, E.B. & Biller, H.B. (1982). Parental Death and Psychological Development. Lexington: D.C. Heath.Google Scholar
Berman, H., Craff, C. & Kuenzigl, L. (1988). Having a parent die of cancer: Adolescent reactions. Oncology Nursing Form, 15, 159163.Google Scholar
Birenbaum, K.L. (2000). Assessing children's and teenagers' bereavement when a sibling dies from cancer: A secondary analysis. Child: Care, Health and Development, 26, 381400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1979). The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Buxbaum, L. & Brant, J.M. (2001). When a parent dies from cancer. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 5, 135140.Google Scholar
Charles, D.R. & Charles, M. (2006). Sibling loss and attachment style: An exploratory study. American Psychological Association, 23, 7290.Google Scholar
Davies, B. (2002). The grief of siblings. In Helping Bereaved Children: A Handbook for Practitioners, Webb, N.B. (ed.), pp. 94127. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Dehlin, L. & Reg, L.M. (2009). Adolescents' experiences of a parent's serious illness and death. Palliative and Supportive Care, 7, 1325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Devita-Raeburn, E. (2004). The Empty Room: Surviving the Loss of a Brother or Sister at Any Age. New York: Scribner.Google Scholar
Dowdney, L., Wilson, R., Maughan, B., et al. (1999). Bereaved children: Psychological disturbance and service provision. British Medical Journal, 319, 354357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunsmore, J. (2002). The laughter and the tears: Getting behind the mask in adolescent grief. Grief Matters, 5, 2630.Google Scholar
Forrest, G., Plumb, C., Ziebland, S., et al. (2006). Breast cancer in the family: Children's perceptions of their mother's cancer and its initial treatment: Qualitative study. British Medical Journal, 332, 9981003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, R.E. (1987). Adolescent reactions to the death of a parent. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 511525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grogan, L.B. (1990). Grief of an adolescent when a sibling dies. American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 15, 2124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, E.S. (1991). Adolescent bereavement following the death of a parent: An exploratory study. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 21, 267281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houts, P.S., Yasko, J.M., Kahn, B., et al. (1986). Unmet psychological, social, and economical needs of persons with cancer in Pennsylvania. Cancer, 58, 23552361.3.0.CO;2-N>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koocher, G.P. (1986). Coping with a death from cancer. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 623631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kristjanson, L.J., Chalmers, K.I. & Woodgate, R. (2004). Information and support needs of adolescent children of women with breast cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 31, 111119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, K.K., Sandler, I.N., Ayers, T.S., et al. (2004). Resilience in parentally bereaved children and adolescents seeking preventive services. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 673683.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lutzke, J.R., Ayers, T.S., Sandler, I.N., et al. (1997). Risks and interventions for the parentally bereaved child. In Handbook of Children's Coping: Linking Theory and Intervention, Wolchik, S.A. & Sandler, I.N.(eds.). New York: Platinum Press.Google Scholar
Morse, J.M. & Field, P.A. (1995). Qualitative Research Methods for Health Professionals. London: SAGE.Google Scholar
Peer Support Foundation. (2007). http://www.peersupport.edu.au.Google Scholar
Pfeffer, C.R., Karus, D., Siegel, K., et al. (2000). Child survivors of parental death from cancer or suicide: Depressive and behavioural outcomes. Psycho-Oncology, 9, 110.3.0.CO;2-5>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raphael, B. (1983). The Anatomy of Bereavement. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Raveis, V.H., Siegel, K. & Karus, D. (1999). Children's psychological distress following the death of a parent. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28, 165180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ribbens McCarthy, J. & Jessop, J. (2005). Young People, Bereavement and Loss: Disruptive Transitions? London: Joseph Rowntree Foundation/National Children's Bureau.Google Scholar
Ribbens McCarthy, J. (2006). Resilience and bereaved children: Developing complex approaches. Grief Matters, 9, 5861.Google Scholar
Rogers, C. (1977). Carl Rogers on Personal Power: Inner Strength and its Revolutionary Impact. New York: Delacorte.Google Scholar
Saldinger, A., Porterfield, K. & Cain, A.C. (2004). Meeting the needs of parentally bereaved children: A framework for child-centered parenting. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 67, 331352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saler, L. & Skolnick, N. (1992). Childhood parental death and depression in adulthood: Roles of surviving parent and family environment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 62, 504516.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmiege, S.J., Khoo, S.T., Sandler, I.N. et al. (2006). Symptoms of internalizing and externalizing problems: Modeling recovery curves after the death of a parent. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 31, 152160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shrier, D.K. (1980). The dying child and surviving family members. Development and Behavioral Pediatrics, 1, 152157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegel, K., Karus, D. & Raveis, V.H. (1996). Adjustment of children facing the death of a parent due to cancer. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 35, 442450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegler, K., Mesagno, F.P. & Christ, G. (1990). A prevention program for bereaved children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60, 168175.Google Scholar
Silverman, R.R. & Worden, W. (1992). The impact of parental death on school-aged children. The Director, 63, 3640.Google Scholar
Spira, M. & Kenemore, E. (2000). Adolescent daughters of mothers with breast cancer: impact and implications. Clinical Social Work Journal, 28, 183195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stedmon, J., Anning, J. & Smart, C. (2008, July). Reparative narrative, attachment and resilience in young people's stories of loss. Paper presented at the meeting of the 8th International Conference on Grief and Bereavement, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Stevens, M.M. (1998). Children and grief: A paediatric oncology perspective. Journal of Grief and Bereavement, 1, 1215.Google Scholar
Thompson, M.P., Kaslow, N.J., Price, A.W., et al. (1998). Role of secondary stressors in the parental death–child distress relation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 357368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, G. (1999). Peer support and young people's health. Journal of Adolescence, 22, 567572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vess, J.D., Moreland, J.R. & Schwebel, A.L. (1985). A follow-up study of role functioning and the psychological environment of families of cancer patients. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 3, 114.Google Scholar
West, S.G., Sandler, I., Pillow, D.R., et al. (1991). The use of structural equation modeling in generative research: Toward the design of a preventative intervention for bereaved children. American journal of Community Psychology, 19, 459480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Worden, J.W. (1996). Children and Grief: When a Parent Dies. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Worden, J.W., Davies, B. & McCown, D. (1999). Comparing parent loss with sibling loss. Death Studies, 23, 115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed