Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T05:46:58.383Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The effect of a psychological empowerment program based on psychodrama on empowerment perception and burnout levels in oncology nurses: Psychological empowerment in oncology nurses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2015

Azize Atli Özbaş*
Affiliation:
Hacettepe University Nursing Faculty, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Ankara, Turkey
Havva Tel
Affiliation:
Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Health Sciences, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Sivas, Turkey
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Azize Atli Özbaş, Hacettepe University Nursing Faculty, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract

Objective:

Oncology nursing is stressful by its nature, and nurses in the field experience a high amount of stress and burnout. In order to cope with occupational stress, nurses need to employ flexible adjustment mechanisms that allow them the power to process their experiences. Failure of efficient stress management causes burnout, and burnout is closely related to powerlessness. It is therefore believed that the occurrence of burnout can be reduced by means of psychological empowerment of nurses. Our study was conducted to determine the effect of a “psychodrama-based psychological empowerment program” on (1) the perception of empowerment and (2) the levels of burnout in oncology nurses.

Method:

The sample was made up of 82 oncology nurses (38 nurses in the study group and 44 in the control/comparison group). Study data were collected using the Psychological Empowerment Scale, the Nurse Work Empowerment Scale, and Maslach's Burnout Inventory. The study group attended a “psychodrama-based psychological empowerment program” (2 hours, 1 day a week, for 10 weeks). For data assessment, we employed an independent t test and one-way analysis of variance.

Results:

The psychological empowerment and workplace empowerment scores of nurses in the study group increased and their burnout scores decreased following attendance in the psychodrama-based psychological empowerment program.

Significance of results:

We found that the psychodrama-based psychological empowerment program increased psychological empowerment and enhanced perception of workplace empowerment while decreasing levels of burnout in oncology nurses. The program is recommended and should allow oncology nurses to benefit from their personal experiences and thus increase self-empowerment, to enhance their perception of empowerment, and to prevent burnout.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Blatner, A. (2000). Foundations of psychodrama: History, theory, and practice. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Boudrias, J.S., Morin, A.J. & Brodeur, M.M. (2012). Role of psychological empowerment in the reduction of burnout in Canadian healthcare workers. Nursing & Health Sciences, 14(1), 817.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breitbart, W., Rosenfeld, B., Pessin, H., et al. (2015). Meaning-centered group psychotherapy: An effective intervention for improving psychological well-being in patients with advanced cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 33(7), 749754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Browning, A.M. (2013). Moral distress and psychological empowerment in critical care nurses caring for adults at end of life. American Journal of Critical Care, 22(2), 143151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chandler, G.E. (1986). The relationship of nursing work environment to empowerment and powerlessness. Doctoral dissertation. Salt Lake City: College of Nursing, University of Utah.Google Scholar
Chang, L.C., Liu, C.H. & Yen, E.H. (2008). Effects of an empowerment-based education program for public health nurses in Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(20), 27822790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conger, J.A. & Kanungo, N.R. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donahue, M.O., Piazza, I.M., Griffin, M.Q., et al. (2008). The relationship between nurses' perceptions of empowerment and patient satisfaction. Applied Nursing Research, 21(1), 27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ergin, N. & Akyapraklı, A. (1992). Examining the attitudes of health professionals working in cancer care and the other health professionals not working in cancer care towards cancer. İzmir, Turkey: 26th National Congress of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences.Google Scholar
Harwood, L., Ridley, J., Wilson, B., et al. (2010). Occupational burnout, retention and health outcomes in nephrology nurses. CANNT Journal, 20(4), 1823.Google ScholarPubMed
Heinen, M.M., van Achterberg, T., Schwendimann, R., et al. (2013). Nurses' intention to leave their profession: A cross-sectional observational study in 10 European countries. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(2),174184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Işıkhan, V. (2010). Burnout and coping methods in oncology. Ankara: Vizyon Copy.Google Scholar
Italia, S., Favara-Scacco, C., di Cataldo, A., et al. (2008). Evaluation and art therapy treatment of the burnout syndrome in oncology units. Psycho-Oncology, 17(7), 676680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Josten, E.J., Ng-A-Tham, J.E. & Thierry, H. (2003). The effects of extended workdays on fatigue, health, performance and satisfaction in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(6), 643652.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanter, R.M. (1993). Men and women of the corporation, 2nd ed.New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Kellermann, P.F. (2013). Focus on psychodrama: The therapeutic aspects of psychodrama. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Google Scholar
Kennedy, S., Hardiker, N. & Staniland, K. (2015). Empowerment an essential ingredient in the clinical environment: A review of the literature. Nurse Education Today, 35(3), 487492.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khamisa, N., Peltzer, K. & Oldenburg, B. (2013). Burnout in relation to specific contributing factors and health outcomes among nurses: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(6), 22142240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kesten, K.S. (2011). Role-play using SBAR technique to improve observed communication skills in senior nursing students. The Journal of Nursing Education, 50(2), 7987.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knol, J.& van Linge, R. (2009). Innovative behavior: The effect of structural and psychological empowerment on nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(2), 359370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larrabee, J.H., Janney, M.A., Ostrow, C.L., et al. (2003). Predicting registered nurse job satisfaction and intent to leave. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 33(5), 271283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laschinger, H.K., Sabiston, J.A. & Kutszcher, L. (1997). Empowerment and staff nurse decision involvement in nursing work environments: Testing Kanter's theory of structural power in organizations. Research in Nursing & Health, 20(4), 341352.3.0.CO;2-G>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laschinger, H.K., Finegan, J., Shamian, J., et al. (2001). Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings: Expanding Kanter's model. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(5), 260272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laschinger, H.K., Wong, C.A. & Greco, P. (2006). The impact of staff nurse empowerment on person–job fit and work engagement/burnout. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 30(4), 358367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laschinger, H.K., Wilk, P., Cho, J., et al. (2009). Empowerment, engagement and perceived effectiveness in nursing work environments: Does experience matter? Journal of Nursing Management, 17(5), 636646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laschinger, H.K., Read, E., Wilk, P., et al. (2014). The influence of nursing unit empowerment and social capital on unit effectiveness and nurse perceptions of patient care quality. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 44(6), 347352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, H., Song, R., Cho, Y.S., et al. (2003). A comprehensive model for predicting burnout in Korean nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(5), 534545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manojlovich, M. (2007). Power and empowerment in nursing: Looking backward to inform the future. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 12(1), 2.Google ScholarPubMed
Manojlovich, M. & Laschinger, H.K. (2002). The relationship of empowerment and selected personality characteristics to nursing job satisfaction. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 32(11), 586595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maslach, C. & Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2, 99113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McHugh, M.D., Kutney-Lee, A., Cimiotti, J.P., et al. (2011). Nurses' widespread job dissatisfaction, burnout, and frustration with health benefits signal problems for patient care. Health Affairs, 30(2), 202210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meng, L., Liu, Y., Liu, H., et al. (2014). Relationships among structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, intent to stay and burnout in nursing field in mainland China based on a cross-sectional questionnaire research. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 21(3), 303312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mortaş, K. (2005). Organizational trust and workplace empowerments' effect on nurses organizational commitment. Doctoral dissertation. İzmir, Turkey: Institute of Social Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University.Google Scholar
O'Brien, J.L. (2011). Relationships among structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and burnout in registered staff nurses working in outpatient dialysis centers. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 38(6), 475481.Google ScholarPubMed
Oflaz, F., Meric, M., Yuksel, C., et al. (2011). Psychodrama: An innovative way of improving self-awareness of nurses. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 18(7), 569575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papathanasiou, I.V., Fradelos, E.C., Kleisiaris, C.F., et al. (2014). Motivation, leadership, empowerment and confidence: Their relation with nurses' burnout. Materia Socio-Medica, 26(6), 405410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pines, E.W., Rauschhuber, M.L., Norgan, G.H., et al. (2012). Stress resiliency, psychological empowerment and conflict management styles among baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(7), 14821493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pines, E.W., Rauschhuber, M.L., Cook, J.D., et al. (2014). Enhancing resilience, empowerment, and conflict management among baccalaureate students: Outcomes of a pilot study. Nurse Educator, 39(2), 8590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poghosyan, L., Clarke, S.P., Finlayson, M., et al. (2010). Nurse burnout and quality of care: Cross-national investigation in six countries. Research in Nursing & Health 33(4), 288298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Porter-O'Grady, T. (2003). A different age for leadership, part 1: New context, new content. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 33(2),105110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quinn, R.E. & Spreitzer, G.M. (1997). The road to empowerment: Seven questions every leader should consider. Organizational Dynamics, 26(2), 3751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinn, R.E., Spreitzer, G.M. & Brown, M. (2000). Changing others through changing ourselves: The transformation of human systems. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 147164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sangappa, S.B. & Tekian, A. (2013). Communication skills course in an Indian undergraduate dental curriculum: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Dental Education, 77(8), 10921098.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherwood, P. & Tagar, Y. (2002). Philophonetics counseling for prevention of burnout in nurses. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 9(2), 3240.Google ScholarPubMed
Spreitzer, G.M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 14421465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spreitzer, G. & Mishra, A. (2002). To stay or go: Voluntary survivor turnover following an organizational downsizing. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 707729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toh, S.G., Ang, E. & Devi, M.K. (2012). Systematic review on the relationship between the nursing shortage and job satisfaction, stress, and burnout levels among nurses in oncology/hematology settings. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 10(2), 126141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turkish Language Association. (2013). Glossary. Available from http://www.tdksozluk.com/s/guc/.Google Scholar
Uner, S. & Turan, S. (2010). The construct validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Spreitzer's psychological empowerment scale. BMC Public Health, 10, 117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wagner, J.I., Cummings, G., Smith, D.L., et al. (2010). The relationship between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment for nurses: A systematic review. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(4), 448462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wahlin, I., Ek, A.C. & Idvall, E. (2010). Staff empowerment in intensive care: Nurses' and physicians' lived experiences. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, 26(5), 262269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yong-Sook, E., Kim, Y.H. & Lee, N.Y. (2014). Path analysis of empowerment and work effectiveness among staff nurses. Asian Nursing Research, 8(1), 4248.Google Scholar